ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of tissue engineering technology to promote bone tissue revascularization in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsThe relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years was extensively reviewed. The mechanism of femoral head vascularization and the application progress of tissue engineering technology in the promotion of ONFH bone tissue revascularization were summarized.ResultsRebuilding or improving the blood supply of the femoral head is the key to the treatment of ONFH. Tissue engineering is a hot spot in current research. It mainly focuses on the three elements of seed cells, scaffold materials, and angiogenic growth factors, combined with three-dimensional printing technology and drug delivery systems to promote the revascularization of the femoral bone tissue.ConclusionThe strategy of revascularization of the femoral head can improve the local blood supply and delay or even reverse the progression of ONFH disease.
Exosomes are nanoscale vectors with a diameter of 30~100 nm secreted by living cells, and they are important media for intercellular communication. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes can not only serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, but also have great potential as natural drug delivery vectors. Exosomes can be loaded with therapeutic cargos, including small molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Meanwhile, the unique biological compatibility, high stability, and tumor targeting of exosomes make them attractive in future tumor therapy. Though exosomes can effectively deliver bioactive materials to receptor cells, there is a wide gap between our current understanding of exosomes and their application as ideal drug delivery systems. In this review, we will briefly introduce the function and composition of exosomes, and mainly summarize the potential advantages and challenges of exosomes as drug carriers. Finally, this review is expected to provide new ideas for the development of exosome-based drug delivery systems.
In view of the excellent biocompatibility as well as the low cost, nanoscale ZnO shows great potential for drug delivery application. Moreover, The charming character enable nanoscale ZnO some excellent features (e.g. dissolution in acid, ultrasonic permeability, microwave absorbing, hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition). All of that make nanoscale ZnO reasonable choices for smart drug delivery. In the recent decade, more and more studies have focused on controlling the drug release behavior via smart drug delivery systems based on nanoscale ZnO responsive to some certain stimuli. Herein, we review the recent exciting progress on the pH-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, microwave-responsive and UV-responsive nanoscale ZnO-based drug delivery systems. A brief introduction of the drug controlled release behavior and its effect of the drug delivery systems is presented. The biocompatibility of nanoscale ZnO is also discussed. Moreover, its development prospect is looked forward.
ObjectiveTo review the related studies on the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of osteomyelitis, and to provide new ideas for the research and clinical treatment of osteomyelitis.MethodsThe literature about the treatment of osteomyelitis with nanomaterials at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and analyzed.ResultsAt present, surgical treatment and antibiotic application are the main treatment options for osteomyelitis. But there are many defects such as antibiotic resistance, residual bone defect, and low effective concentration of local drugs. The application of nanomaterials can make up for the above defects. In recent years, nanomaterials play an important role in the treatment of osteomyelitis by filling bone defects, establishing local drug delivery system, and self-antibacterial properties.ConclusionIt will provide a new idea and an important research direction for the treatment of osteomyelitis to fully study the related characteristics of nanomaterials and select beneficial materials to make drug delivery system or substitute drugs.
摘要:眼部的局部給藥方式影響著藥物作用的強度,速率及持續時間和不良反應。視網膜,脈絡膜,玻璃體及視神經的疾病則對眼后節的局部給藥治療提出了挑戰,以局部給藥的方式通過解剖學的膜屏障及淚液排泄,并達到在特定部位起治療作用的藥物濃度是其中的重要課題。全身給藥則難以在眼組織積蓄足夠的藥物濃度,且易引起全身性的不良反應。眼表局部應用滴眼劑在淚液循環及角膜,結膜的屏障作用下易發生流失,而有創的給藥方式包括玻璃體內注射,結膜下注射等變得越來越普遍的同時,除對病人造成疼痛不適外,甚至也可導致多種嚴重于疾病本身的并發癥。本文綜述了近幾年來隨著各種眼科疾病分子機制的研究和解明,眼部局部給藥方式及新劑型的藥代動力學及安全性的研究進展。Abstract: The ocular drug delivery system affects the drug’s efficacy,rate of speed,velocity and adverse reaction.How to deliver the drug with therapeutic local concentrations to the posterior segment remains a challenge. Many invasive methods such as intravitreal injection,subconjunctival injection are generally used,noninvasive method like eye drop can not pass through the barrier of the eye although it is convenient.The recent progress in safty and pharmacokinetic of ocular drug delivery system is reviewed in this article.