截止至2002年5月,現有早產治療的臨床證據如下: (1) 高危早產:在一些國家實施的RCT發現,在降低早產危險方面,加強產前保健與普通產前保健沒有明顯差異.包括5個RCT的1個系統評價發現,對有宮頸改變的婦女行宮頸環扎術有不同的結果,沒有明確的結論.1個大樣本的RCT發現,孕9～29周宮頸功能可能不全的婦女進行預防性宮頸環扎手術與不環扎相比,能明顯降低早產(＜33孕周),但也會明顯增加產褥感染的危險.另外4篇較小樣本的RCT發現,孕10～30周、具各種早產高危因素的婦女,進行預防性宮頸環扎手術與不環扎相比,并不能降低早產(＜34孕周).1篇系統評價的2個RCT報告,對有宮頸改變的婦女進行環扎術有不同的結果,其中1個RCT發現其并不能明顯降低早產(＜34孕周),而另外1個較小樣本的RCT卻發現宮頸環扎手術加臥床休息與單純臥床休息比較,能明顯降低34周前的早產.沒有1個RCT證實行環扎術加臥床休息與單純臥床休息相比,能降低圍生兒死亡率. (2) 胎膜早破:1個系統評價發現,對胎膜早破的婦女,抗生素較安慰劑能明顯延長孕周、降低新生兒發病率的危險,如新生兒感染、出生后氧療、腦部超聲異常等.阿莫西林加克拉維酸治療與新生兒壞死性小腸結腸炎的發生率明顯增加有關.一個基于1個RCT的系統評價發現,沒有充足的證據證實羊膜腔灌注與不灌注比較能改善胎膜早破后的新生兒結局. (3) 先兆早產的治療:①β-腎上腺素興奮劑:1個系統評價發現,β-腎上腺素興奮劑與安慰劑或不治療相比,并不能明顯降低圍生兒死亡率、呼吸窘迫綜合征及低體重兒(＜2 500 g)發生率,且與與安慰劑或不治療相比,β-腎上腺素興奮劑增加孕母副反應,如胸痛、心悸、呼吸困難、震顫、惡心、嘔吐、頭痛、高血糖、低鉀血癥.②鈣離子通道拮抗劑: 沒有關于鈣離子通道拮抗劑與安慰劑比較的系統評價或RCT.1個系統評價發現,鈣離子通道抑制劑與其它保胎藥(主要是β-腎上腺受體興奮劑)比較,能顯著降低48 h內的早產分娩,減少因孕母副反應退出治療和新生兒發病率.③硫酸鎂:1個系統評價發現,硫酸鎂與安慰劑比較,并不能明顯降低孕36周前的早產率、圍生兒死亡率、呼吸窘迫綜合征的發生率.另一個系統評價發現,硫酸鎂和其他宮縮抑制劑(β-腎上腺素興奮劑、鈣離子通道拮抗劑、前列腺素合成抑制劑、硝化甘油、酒精和葡萄糖注射劑)比較,并不能明顯降低48 h內早產率(盡管結果沒有差異).④垂體受體拮抗劑(阿托西班):1個系統評價納入 2個RCT,對阿托西班和安慰劑治療早產進行比較有不同的結果.較大樣本的RCT發現,阿托西班較安慰劑能延長孕周,但阿托西班增加了孕28周以下的胎兒死亡率.另一個RCT發現,阿托西班增加了48 h內的早產.⑤前列腺素抑制劑(消炎痛):1個系統評價發現,消炎痛與安慰劑比較,能明顯降低孕37周前的48 h和7天的早產率的證據有限.然而,同時發現消炎痛與安慰劑或不治療相比,并不能明顯降低圍生兒死亡率、新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征、肺支氣管發育不良、壞死性小腸結腸炎、新生兒敗血癥或低體重兒.但這個系統評價樣本太小,尚不能發現有臨床意義的差異. (4) 擇期或非擇期剖宮產對早產婦女治療效果:1個系統評價結果發現,擇期剖宮產較非擇期剖宮產會增加孕母的發病率,卻不能降低新生兒的發病率和死亡率.但尚不能證明此效果是否對新生兒有臨床意義. (5) 改善早產妊娠結局的干預措施:①對早產者采用皮質類固醇:1個系統評價認為,對可能發生早產的婦女使用皮質激素較安慰劑或不處理能明顯降低早產兒出生后呼吸窘迫綜合征、新生兒死亡率和顱內出血的發生.②促甲狀腺激素釋放激素在早產中的運用:1個系統評價發現,在早產的高危婦女中,促甲狀腺激素釋放激素和類固醇激素聯合應用與單用皮質類固醇激素比較,對新生兒結局的影響無明顯差異,但會明顯增加孕母和胎兒的不良反應.③抗生素:1個系統評價發現,抗生素與安慰劑比較,不能延長孕周、降低新生兒死亡率,但可降低孕母感染率.
摘要:目的:研究生物降解聚DL乳酸(PDLLA)自鎖式捆綁帶固定骨折的生物力學性能。方法:80只新西蘭大白兔隨機分為兩組,建立股骨干非負重骨折動物模型,應用生物降解自鎖式捆綁帶固定骨折為實驗組,鋼絲固定骨折為對照組,分別于術后1、4、8、12周行生物力學檢查進行比較。結果:捆綁帶組在術后4、8、12周均比鋼絲組的彎曲強度高,但4周、12周時Pgt;005,無統計學差異,8周時Plt;005,提示有統計學差異。離體同種固定物不同時間段抗拉強度自身比較:鋼絲固定術后4階段抗拉強度比較Pgt;005,任何兩兩比較都沒有統計學差異,抗拉強度未隨術后時間延長發生明顯下降。捆綁帶固定術后4周與術后1周比較Pgt;005,抗拉強度無明顯降低,但術后8周和術后12周時Plt;005,抗拉強度明顯下降。結論:生物降解自鎖式捆綁帶在非負重骨折治療中可發揮良好的固定作用。生物降解自鎖式捆綁帶降解時,應力傳導促進了骨折的愈合。Abstract: Objective: To study the biomechanics function of selflocking cerclage band made of biodegradable material polyDLlactic acid (PDLLA) in the fixation of fractures. Methods: Eighty rabbits were divided into two groups. Femur fracture models were made. Fractures were fixed using biodegradable selflocking cerclage band in experimental group and metal fixation material in control group. The biomechanics was analyzed and compared after 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively． Results: The bending strength of experimental group is more ber than that of control group after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, but it was not statistically significant at 4 and 12 weeks (Pgt;005). It was statistically significant at 8 weeks (Plt;005). The tensile strength of the same cerclage instrument was compared at different stage in vitro, and the result of the control group was not statistically significant at the four stage (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗gt;005). Regarding the changes of tensile strength of the cerclage instrument at different stage, the result of the experimental group was not statistically significant after 1 and 4 weeks (Pgt;005). However, the decrease of tensile strength was statistically significant after 8 and 12 weeks (Plt;005). Conculsion: Biodegradable selflocking cerclage band could be used in thetreatment of nonweightbearing fractures. The stress force conducting promotes healing of fracture when the selflocking biodegradable cerclage band degrades.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) and cerclage fixation for complicated femoral subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsA clinical data of 74 patients with complicated femoral subtrochanteric fractures, who were admitted between March 2016 and March 2019 and met the criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 39 patients were treated with limited open reduction and PFNA combined with cerclage fixation (observation group) and 35 patients were treated with closed reduction and PFNA fixation (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, side and type of fracture, and the time from injury to operation (P>0.05). The ratio of postoperative hemoglobin (1, 3, and 5 days) to the preoperative hemoglobin, the operation time, the first weight-bearing time after operation, and the hospital stay were recorded. X-ray films were taken to observe fracture healing in the two groups and bone resorption around the cerclage in the observation group, and the fracture healing time was recorded. Hip function was evaluated by Harris scoring. ResultsThe operation time of the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0.05), but the first weight-bearing time and hospital stay were significantly shorter (P<0.05). All patients were followed up 12 months. There was no significant difference in the ratios of post- to pre-operative hemoglobin (1, 3, and 5 days) between the two groups (P>0.05). X-ray film reexamination showed that the fractures of the two groups healed smoothly, and the fracture healing time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (t=?12.989, P=0.000). No bone resorption around the cerclage occurred in the observation group. The Harris scores of the observation group were better than those of the control group at 7 days and 1, 2, and 3 months after operation (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at 6 months after operation (t=1.329, P=0.180).ConclusionCompared with PFNA fixation, PFNA combined with cerclage fixation for the complicated femoral subtrochanteric fractures has a shorter operation time, and can obtain immediate stability after fixation, which can meet the needs of patients for early functional exercise.
Objective To evaluate the mid-term effectiveness of cerclage wires fixation in treating Mallory typeⅡperiprosthetic femoral fractures associated with primary hip arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective analysis was made in the data of 14 patients (14 hips) with Mallory typeⅡ periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with primary hip arthroplasty and treated with cerclage wires fixation between January 2010 and June 2011 (fracture group). Twenty-eight patients (28 hips) without periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with primary hip arthroplasty at the same stage were chosen as control group. The uncemented femoral prosthesis were used in 2 groups. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, and primary disease between 2 groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the complications were recorded. The Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the pain degree of hip. According to the postoperative X-ray films of hips, Enghet al. standard was used to evaluate the fixed and stable status of the femoral prosthesis; the heterotopic ossification was observed; the time of fracture union was recorded. Results The operation time of fracture group was significantly longer than that of control group (t=–3.590, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss between 2 groups (t=–1.276, P=0.209). All patients were followed up 64-75 months (mean, 69.5 months). Hip dislocation after operation occurred in 1 case of fracture group; delirium symptom and nonunion of incision occurred in 1 case and 1 case of control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the Harris score and VAS score at 6 months and 5 years between 2 groups (P>0.05). X-ray films showed that all fractures healed and the mean time of fracture union were 6.1 months (range, 3-12 months). There was no fracture nonunion or malunion evidently. There was no significant difference in X-ray score at 6 months and 5 years between 2 groups (P>0.05). At last follow-up, cerclage wires displacement or breakage did not occur. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases of fracture group and in 1 case of control group. Conclusion Cerclage wires fixation can achieve the good mid-term effectiveness in treating Mallory typeⅡintraoprative periprosthetic femoral fractures associated with primary hip arthroplasty.