Objective To investigate the problems and needs of teachers and international bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students in the online clerkship since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Methods In May 2020, questionnaires, telephone communication and face-to-face interviews were conducted among 85 international MBBS students and clinical teachers of 10 related departments in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Teachers and students perceptions towards online clerkship were collected from five aspects including department orientation, attendance, teaching plan, assignment & assessment, and overall evaluation. Results Four departments and 43 students (50.6%) thought that online clerkship increased time input, while 3 departments thought that students’ enthusiasm decreased significantly compared to ordinary clerkship. Six departments reported that students’ compliance was poor; 58 students (68.2%) reported that they could not experience the real clinical environment. All departments reported difficulties in completing procedures and skills, and believed the teaching objectives were only partially achieved; 78 students (91.8%) thought that the effect of online clerkship met with their expectations; 16 students (18.8%) were very satisfied, and 59 students (69.4%) were satisfied. The majority of students believed that the advantages of online clerkship were that they had more time to prepare for their licensing examination [66 students (77.6%)] and could ask questions online at any time [48 students (56.5%)]. Conclusions There are both pros and cons in the online clerkship. It has put forward higher requirements for the efficiency and accuracy of English communication between teachers and students, and for the self-restraint and discipline of students. Under the current global epidemic situation, we should make full use of the information technology to constantly strengthen the practical education.
【摘要】為順應留學生教育規模的擴大和教學質量的穩步提升，通過幾年的留學生教學實踐和探索，立足留學生臨床專業教育培養目標，強化課程設置、師資培養、教材建設、教學手段、教學管理等多個教學環節的建設和推進，確保留學生臨床醫學課程教學質量的提高和可持續發展。【Abstract】To explore a better way to improve the quality of the clinical medical teaching for foreign students in China along with the expansion of the enrollment of international medical students, some experience are summarized, which include the establishment of the international education aim, the organization of courses, training of the teachers, the selection and reinforcement of teaching material, the enrichment of teaching methods and the strengthening of teaching management.
To cultivated competent clinicians with the potential to be future pillars and leaders is the educational objective of an 8-year medical program at the West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University. Problem-based learning (PBL) is more effective than traditional, passive, didactic teaching in training of communication skills, information management and critical thinking and research. These are included in the Global Minimum Essential Requirements in Medical Education (GMER). We introduce our practice of PBL as a separate course for the 8-year medical program, including its design, preparation, implementation and evaluation. We discuss why it is designed as a separate course and implemented in multiple semesters with fewer cases in each semester. The move from giving a fish to people to teaching people how to fish, and from teacher-centered to student-centered teaching is a radical transformation of educational concepts and the traditional teaching-and-learning model. Such a change cannot happen in a single step and we hope that this model PBL course, focusing on training in methods and skills, will facilitate the concept transformation and the involvement of all our teachers and students. This should help our teaching to evolve continuously, develop a system for evaluating PBL and lead to the gradual incorporation of PBL into our discipline-based courses or organ system-based courses.
Health insurance system has been proved to be an effective way to promote the quality of health service in many countries. However, how to control health expenditure under health insurance system remains a problem to be resolved. Some developed countries like UK, Canada and Sweden linked their health technology assessment results with decision making and health insurance management, and made prominent achievements in both expenditure control and quality improvement. China is carrying out its health system reform and running a new health insurance project. Using the experiences of other countries is undoubtedly of great importance in developing and managing our health insurance system.
Objectives To establish a course evaluation model for overseas medical students in West China Medical School of Sichuan University, to identify problems in teaching and to solve problems based on evidence so as to futher improve the quality of teaching. Methods We conducted a preliminary course evaluation to determine the limitations of our evaluation methods and to convey our intention to related stakeholders. Firstly, we identified problems in teaching according to the feedback from our students using a questionnaire. Secondly, we proposed an initial list of possible solutions to these problems based on evidence from literature searching and discussion within the Department of Teaching Affairs. We submitted the initial list to the administrative departments, teaching departments (teachers) and students to identify applicable solutions through two rounds of formal consensus. Their attitudes to this procedure of evaluation and decision-making were collected. Finally, incentives were given out by administrative departments and teaching departments to facilitate the implementation of applicable solutions. Results Teachers’ English ability and the didactic teaching methods were the most concerned problems. In addition, some semesters and courses were not well arranged and there was not enough practice time. An initial list of 14 items was submitted to teaching departments and students. They all agreed with the procedure of evaluation and decision-making. We also found that some aspects of the evaluation methods and styles need to be improved. An additional paper would report further results. Conclusion This preliminary evaluation was helpful for improving teaching and formal evaluation in the future. We need to strengthen the English language skills of younger faculty and gradually adopt a model of student-centered and enquiry-based teaching. This process of evaluation and improvement should be applied as a long-term policy and an evidence-based research group should be established to work together with our quality assurance unit.
In the context of collaboration between healthcare and education systems, in order to promote competency-oriented medical education reform and improve the clinical capabilities of medical students at all levels, it is urgent to enhance the organizational guarantee to establish a stable teaching team in university-affiliated hospitals. As the National Clinical Teaching and Training Demonstration Center, West China School of Medicine / West China Hospital of Sichuan University has taken the lead to explore the building of a full-time teaching team for clinical practice teaching, innovating and implementing the system of “Full-time Practice Teaching Post”. This innovative measure ensures the whole-process management, teaching, and assessment of medical students, strengthens teacher training and top-level design of teaching and research, improves the incentive mechanism for teachers, applies multiple teaching resources and novel teaching methods, and finally improves the quality and culture of clinical practice teaching.
At present, Chinese hospitals widely use a single qualified talent evaluation system. This talent evaluation system has certain limitations. Therefore, based on the long-term demand of research-oriented hospitals for talent team construction, and the limitations of the existing talent evaluation system, this article preliminarily discusses the integrated mode of talent evaluation for research-oriented hospital with integral, qualitative and whole person evaluation based on the Gestalt theory. This model contributes to comprehensively and authentically reflecting the contributions and influences of the evaluated individuals in terms of their professional level, comprehensive abilities, and moral character in research-oriented hospitals. Moreover, it is necessary to fully integrate artificial intelligence and 5G information technology to explore and integrate various evaluation methods into a comprehensive evaluation system for talents in research-oriented hospitals that combines scientific evaluation weights, realizing intelligent, visual, refined, and scientific integrated evaluation.
ObjectivesTo summarize and compare the operative mechanisms of the most representative comprehensive clinical practice guideline (CPG) databases worldwide, so as to provide references for establishing and managing Chinese CPG database.MethodsCPG databases were collected worldwide by discussing with experts in the guideline and database fields. Studies on guideline databases were searched in PubMed and CNKI to further collect CPG databases mentioned in these studies. Representative comprehensive guideline databases were finally selected by consulting relevant guideline experts. The institutions’ names of establishing and managing CPG databases, funding sources, human resources, aims, quality control measures (including CPG inclusion and updating criteria) were extracted and summarized. Databases were divided into government-led, society-led, and enterprise-led models. A descriptive analysis was conducted.ResultsThere were four government-led databases, four society-led databases and merely one enterprise-led database. The institutions of establishing CPG databases were same as the institutions of managing databases in the seven databases. All CPG databases had set up offices, seven of which were located in the capital. Most databases’ funds came from the government. Four databases implemented board management. According to the division of functions, members involved in establishing and managing CPG databases mainly included leaders, expert teams, managerial personnel, secretaries, web developers, and patient representatives. Criteria for inclusion of CPG were relevant to the purpose of establishing databases. Most databases required guidelines that had be updated within three to five years.ConclusionsThis study provides comprehensive information on operative mechanism of different CPG databases which can assist guideline database builders to optimize their operative mechanism.
目的 系統評價單獨應用齊多夫定（zidovudine，ZDV）阻斷HIV母嬰傳播的有效性和安全性。方法 采用Cochrane系統評價方法，計算機檢索Cochrane圖書館（2007第1期）、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSinfo、CRD（center of review and dissemination）、CBMdisc，VIP和CNKI等數據庫，以及全球或地區性AIDS相關的會議論文集、政府或非政府組織的相關文件等，檢索日期截至2007年4月30日，全面收集全球抗艾滋病病毒藥物預防HIV母嬰傳播的隨機對照試驗。由兩名評價員獨立篩查文獻、評價質量和提取資料，然后交叉核對，若遇分歧則征求第三方意見討論解決。使用RevMan軟件進行Meta分析。結果 共納入8個RCT，包括24篇全文和13篇摘要，其方法學質量的Jadad評分≥3分。Meta分析顯示：① ZDV與安慰劑比較共納入4個RCTs（2385例），無論長短療程、母乳或非母乳喂養人群，ZDV預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果均優于安慰劑組，降低HIV母嬰傳播風險43%～50%，且兩組死產率、嬰兒死亡率、母親死亡率、早產、低體重兒、出生缺陷、母嬰不良反應發生率和母親產前、產時和產后并發癥發生率差異均無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。② 1個大樣本RCT（1437例）比較了ZDV不同療程的效果，結果顯示ZDV“長–長療程”（從孕28周開始到產后6周）比“短–短療程”（從孕35周開始到分娩后3天）降低HIV母嬰傳播風險61%［RR=0.39，95%CI（0.19，0.82）］。長–長療程與長–短療程（從孕28周開始到產后3天）及短-長療程（從孕35周開始到產后6周）比較，其預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果差異均無統計學意義（P gt;0.05）。各組死產、新生兒死亡、1年內嬰兒死亡、母親死亡、早產、低體重兒、出生缺陷、母嬰不良反應發生率相似（Pgt;0.05）。③ 1個大樣本RCT（1 200例）顯示：人工喂養+短程ZDV預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果優于母乳喂養+長程ZDV，可降低嬰兒HIV感染風險的35%～39%，但提高了嬰兒7個月時的死亡率（9.3% vs 4.9%；P=0.003）；兩組嬰兒早產率、低體重兒出生率、出生缺陷率、不良反應發生率相似（Pgt;0.05）。④ 2個直接比較短程或超短程ZDV與單劑量奈韋拉平（Nevirapine，NVP）預防HIV母嬰傳播效果的RCT（702例）顯示，NVP可降低HIV母嬰傳播風險的44%～48%，兩組死產、6月內嬰兒死亡、母親死亡、低體重兒、母嬰不良反應發生率相似（Pgt;0.05）。結論 無論長短療程、母乳或非母乳喂養人群，ZDV預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果均優于安慰劑，且其妊娠結局和不良反應發生情況相似。ZDV“長–長療程”比“短–短療程”預防HIV母嬰傳播效果更好，但長–長療程與長–短療程、短–長療程預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果相似；各組安全性相似。人工喂養+短程ZDV預防HIV母嬰傳播的效果優于母乳喂養+長程ZDV，但提高了嬰兒7個月時的死亡率。單劑量NVP預防HIV母嬰傳播效果優于短程和超短程ZDV，且安全性相似。