From Identifying Problems to Developing Evidence-based Solutions in Teaching and Management of Overseas Medical Students: Preliminary Course Evaluation and Its Long-term Initiative_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

YAO Xun ¹ , YIN Hao ² , QING Ping ¹ , LIU Guanjian ³ , LAI Yalin ¹ ,  WAN Xuehong ¹

1. Department of teaching affairs, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China2. Centre of infectious diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China3. Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding?author：

WAN Xuehong, Email: xhwan929@163.com

Keywords：

Medical education; Course evaluation; teaching improvement; Overseas medical students; Long-term policy; Evidence based research

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Objectives 　To establish a course evaluation model for overseas medical students in West China Medical School of Sichuan University, to identify problems in teaching and to solve problems based on evidence so as to futher improve the quality of teaching.
Methods 　We conducted a preliminary course evaluation to determine the limitations of our evaluation methods and to convey our intention to related stakeholders. Firstly, we identified problems in teaching according to the feedback from our students using a questionnaire. Secondly, we proposed an initial list of possible solutions to these problems based on evidence from literature searching and discussion within the Department of Teaching Affairs. We submitted the initial list to the administrative departments, teaching departments (teachers) and students to identify applicable solutions through two rounds of formal consensus. Their attitudes to this procedure of evaluation and decision-making were collected. Finally, incentives were given out by administrative departments and teaching departments to facilitate the implementation of applicable solutions.
Results 　Teachers’ English ability and the didactic teaching methods were the most concerned problems. In addition, some semesters and courses were not well arranged and there was not enough practice time. An initial list of 14 items was submitted to teaching departments and students. They all agreed with the procedure of evaluation and decision-making. We also found that some aspects of the evaluation methods and styles need to be improved. An additional paper would report further results.
Conclusion 　This preliminary evaluation was helpful for improving teaching and formal evaluation in the future. We need to strengthen the English language skills of younger faculty and gradually adopt a model of student-centered and enquiry-based teaching. This process of evaluation and improvement should be applied as a long-term policy and an evidence-based research group should be established to work together with our quality assurance unit.

Citation： YAO Xun,YIN Hao,QING Ping,LIU Guanjian,LAI Yalin,WAN Xuehong. From Identifying Problems to Developing Evidence-based Solutions in Teaching and Management of Overseas Medical Students: Preliminary Course Evaluation and Its Long-term Initiative. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2007, 07(5): 355-366. doi: Copy

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2.	Zhang MM. Participating in WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety and Meet New Challenges. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2005, 5(12): 887-889.
3.	Wan XH, Yao X, Qing P. From Greenhouse Back to Nature：Medical Education Learns From Andragogy. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2007, 7(5): 327-329.
4.	Wan XH, Zhang XL. Evidence-Based Research of Medical Education. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2006, 6(5): 318-320.
5.	Liang Y, Li JR, Wang JY. Teaching Experience in teaching Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2004, 6(4): 375-377.
6.	Chen N. Practice and Experience on Pathophysiology Teaching of Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2006, 8(2): 132-134.
7.	Wang NP, Liu XZ. The Research and Practice in Teaching Model to Foreign Medical College Students. Researches in Medical Education, 2006, 5(8): 724-725.
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1. Yang MS, Gu H. Discussion of bilingual education in medical science. China Higher Medical Education, 2003, (3): 8-10.
2. Zhang MM. Participating in WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety and Meet New Challenges. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2005, 5(12): 887-889.
3. Wan XH, Yao X, Qing P. From Greenhouse Back to Nature：Medical Education Learns From Andragogy. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2007, 7(5): 327-329.
4. Wan XH, Zhang XL. Evidence-Based Research of Medical Education. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2006, 6(5): 318-320.
5. Liang Y, Li JR, Wang JY. Teaching Experience in teaching Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2004, 6(4): 375-377.
6. Chen N. Practice and Experience on Pathophysiology Teaching of Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2006, 8(2): 132-134.
7. Wang NP, Liu XZ. The Research and Practice in Teaching Model to Foreign Medical College Students. Researches in Medical Education, 2006, 5(8): 724-725.
8. Xiao N, Liang ZQ, Yan XR. Experience on Teaching of Surgery general introduction of Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Guangxi Medical University, 2006(23): 227-228.
9. Ma ZM, Li YF. Analysis of Present Situation and Strategy Research on Teaching of Foreign Students in Xi’an Jiaotong University. Northwest Medical Education, 2005, 13(6): 620-621.
10. Zhou W, Xiong ZA, Zhou H, et al. Reflection on the Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Researches in Medical Education, 2005, 4(5): 331-332.
11. Zhou Y, Shen Q, Zhou YJ, et al. Teaching Practice on Biochemistry Teaching of Overseas Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University(Preclinical Medical Education Edition), 2006, 9(1): 27-29.
12. Chen P, Zang WJ, Lei L. Reform in Teaching for International Students at Chinese Colleges and Universities of Western Medicine. Northwest Medical Education, 2005, 13(4): 349-351.
13. Huang JE, Yu XJ, Fan LP, et al. Analysis of Learning Quality Influencing Factors of Foreign Students on English Teaching of Medical Courses. China Higher Medical Education, 2006(3): 2-4.
14. Shi SJ, Zhi JS, Shao H. Exploration on Systematic Anatomy Experiment Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2006, 8(4): 416-417.
15. Sun YH, Li JH. Reflection on the Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Northwest Medical Education, 2006, 14(4): 468-469.
16. LIu H, Gao Q, Huo XW. Exploration on Bilingual Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Northwest Medical Education, 2006, 14(5): 558-559.
17. Shi HL. Application and Exploration on Bilingual Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Liaoning Education Research, 2006(1): 82-83.
18. Li XX, Zhong QP, Zi ZQ. PBL Teching Model is the Developing Trend of the Teaching to the Foreign Medical Students. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2006, 8(4): 380-382.
19. Shi PJ. To Promote Educational Reform in China and to Adapt to International Education Standard. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2005, 5(7): 505-508.
20. Ni CB. An Analysis of the Learning Needs of International Learners of Chinese in China. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, 2007(1): 68-76.
21. Zhong JJ, Li LL, Hai MT, et al. Practice and Reflection on the Teaching of Histology and Embryology to the Foreign Medical Students. China Higher Medical Education, 2006(9): 49-50.
22. Cao YQ, Liu J, Fan XL, et al. The research of physiology teaching content and methods for foreign students. China Medical Education Technology, 2003, 17(2): 79-81.
23. Lv ZR. Evidence-Based Medicine: the Highlighted Area of Medical Education in 21st Century. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2003, 3(4): 277-279.
24. Chen J, Li J, Li YP. Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine: a New Practice in Medical Education. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2003, 3(4): 273-276.
25. Haskell RE. Academic Freedom, Tenure, and Student Evaluation of Faculty: Galloping Polls In The 21st Century. Education Policy Analysis Archives 1997, 5(6).
26. Heidi M. Anderson, Jeff Cain, Bird E. Online Student Course Evaluations: Review of Literature and a Pilot Study. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2005, 69(1): 34-43.
27. Gotoh T, Ishikawa T, Luo S, et al. Student evaluation of faculty teaching in molecular anatomy course at Nippon Medical School: results of a questionnaire survey, Kaibogaku Zasshi, 2006, 81(3): 89-94.
28. ELZUBEIR M, RIZK D. Evaluating the quality of teaching in medical education: are we using the evidence for both formative and summative purposes? Medical Teacher, 2002, 24(3): 313-319.
29. Cornelius-White J. Learner-Centered Teacher-Student Relationships Are Effective: A Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational Research, 2007, 77(1): 113-143.
30. Wahlqvist M, Skott A, Bjorkelund C, et al. Impact of medical students’ descriptive evaluations on long-term course development. BMC Med Educ, 2006, 6:24.
31. Davidovitch N, Soen D. Using students’ assessments to improve instructors’ quality of teaching. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 2006, 30(4): 351-376.
32. Louie B, Byrne N, Wasylenki D. From feedback to reciprocity. Developing a student-centered approach to course evaluation. Eval Health Prof, 1996, 19(2): 231-242.
33. Cohen PA. Student Ratings of Instruction and Student Achievement: A Meta-analysis of Multisection Validity Studies. Review of Educational Research, 1981, 51(3): 281-309.
34. 萬學紅, 張曉蘭. 醫學教育的循證研究. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2006, 6(5): 318-320.
35. Hattie J, Timperley H. The Power of Feedback. Review of Educational Research, 2007, 77(1): 81-112.
36. Chen JY, Lee MC, Lee HS, et al. An online evaluation of problem-based learning (PBL) in Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan - a pilot study. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 2006, 35(9): 624-633.
37. Russell GC, Cordingley M. Using student, teacher and practice supervisor feedback to improve the quality of nurse education: how should we collect it and what should we do with it? J Adv Nurs, 1996, 24(5): 1042-1046.
38. Gaddis GM, Gaddis ML. Introduction to biostatistics: Part 5, Statistical inference techniques for hypothesis testing with nonparametric data. Ann Emerg Med, 1990, 19(9): 1054-1059.
39. Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, et al. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2003, 3(25).
40. Fink A, Kosecoff J, Chassin M, et al. Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. American Journal of Public Health, 1984, 74:979-983.
41. Straus S E, Richardson W S, Glasziou P, et al. Evidence based medicine. How to practice and teach EBM. the third edition: Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2005: 31-65.
42. 梁玉, 李金茹, 王俊艷. 醫學留學生英語授課班教學體會. 山西醫科大學學報(基礎醫學教育版), 2004, 6(4): 375-377.
43. 陳寧. 病理生理學留學生教學實踐及體會. 山西醫科大學學報(基礎醫學教育版), 2006, 8(2): 132-134.
44. 王南平, 劉先哲. 留學生教學模式的探索與實踐. 醫學教育探索, 2006, 5(8): 724-725.
45. 肖南, 梁自乾, 嚴秀榮. 淺談臨床醫學專業外語班留學生外科學總論教學的體會. 廣西醫科大學學報, 2006(23): 227-228.
46. 馬兆明, 李艷芬. 西安交通大學醫學留學生教育現狀分析與對策研究. 西北醫學教育, 2005, 13(6): 620-621.
47. 周瑋, 熊正愛, 周虹, 等. 醫學留學生教學中的幾點思考. 醫學教育探索, 2005, 4(5): 331-332.
48. 周艷, 沈勤, 周亞軍, 等. 醫學留學生生物化學教學實踐. 山西醫科大學學報(基礎醫學教育版), 2006, 9(1): 27-29.
49. 陳萍, 臧偉進, 雷莉. 中國西醫院校外國留學生教學改革思路. 西北醫學教育, 2005, 13(4): 349-351.
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Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

From Identifying Problems to Developing Evidence-based Solutions in Teaching and Management of Overseas Medical Students: Preliminary Course Evaluation and Its Long-term Initiative

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