Objective To study the application of virtual reality bronchoscopy stimulation in novice trainees. Methods Four novice bronchoscopists entered the training programby using a VR bronchoscopy in the clinical skill center. After the program, the dexterity, speed, and accuracy of all the four doctors were tested using the virtual simulation models. Results were compared to four skilled physicians as control group who had performed at least 50 bronchoscopies. Before-training and after-training test scores were compared using paired t tests. For comparisons between after-training novice and skilled physician scores, unpaired twosample t tests were used. Results All of the four trainees finished the training program. The novices significantly improved their dexterity, speed and accuracy. The percentage of observed segments increased from ( 74. 0 ±5. 1) % to ( 89. 3 ±4. 0) % . The number of contacts with the bronchial wall decreased from 87. 5 ±13. 2 to 30. 5 ±9. 3, and total time spent shortened from ( 700. 8 ±56. 6) s to ( 607. 0 ±17. 8) s. There were no statistically significant differences between novice accuracy ( the percentage of observed segments) after training and skilled physician accuracy [ ( 89. 3 ±4. 0) % vs ( 91. 3 ±3. 0) % , P = 0. 456] . Conclusion Practice using a virtual bronchoscopy simulator help novice trainees to attain a level of skill at performing diagnostic bronchoscopy, and it might play an important role in the training of chest physicians.
ObjectiveTo design an interventional cardiology simulation system based on unity 3d virtual reality technology to simulate the multi-sensory feedback in the operation of heart disease. MethodsWe used 3Dmax and Unity3D engine to build a three-dimensional cardiovascular model, and use Falcon Novint and Rift Oculus software and hardware system to build a virtual reality environment to simulate pilot wire intervention surgery. ResultsThe user can use the Falcon Novint force feedback controller to carry out a variety of virtual instrument exercises of percutaneous coronary angioplasty, and also it can restore operation scene through Rift Oculus virtual reality device. ConclusionA simulation system for interventional surgery is designed, which provides the help for the extensive medical training.
Objective To explore the application effect of virtual reality simulation technology (VRST) combined with problem-based learning (PBL) mode in knee arthroscopy teaching in sports medicine department. Methods A total of 76 trainees in sports medicine at Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected. According to the different teaching modes, they were divided into the research group and the control group with 38 trainees in each group. The traditional teaching mode was implemented in the control group, while VRST and PBL mode were implemented in the research group. The objective assessment results and teaching effect feedback of the two groups were compared. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the average theoretical score of the trainees (91.35±1.05 vs. 90.94±1.12, P>0.05). The scores of the three manipulating parts of the research group (9.03±0.24, 9.12±0.31, and 9.24±0.27, respectively) were higher than those of the control group (8.76±0.36, 8.44±0.57, and 8.35±0.51, respectively), moreover, trainees in the research group had higher scores for study enthusiasm, teaching satisfaction, three-dimensional space sense, and virtual reality conversion degree (9.12±0.16, 9.67±0.11, 9.34±0.22, and 9.56±0.18, respectively) than those of the control group (8.89±0.27, 9.16±0.34, 8.67±0.37, and 8.42±0.23, respectively), and the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion VRST combined with PBL mode could improve trainees’ ability to operate arthroscopy significantly, and stimulate trainees’ subjective learning ability to improve teaching effect.
Interventional radiology is an emerging discipline based on image-guided minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. The number of interventional procedures performed is increasing year by year, resulting in a dramatic increase in the demand for interventional radiologists. Procedure training systems based on virtual reality (VR) technology simulate real interventional procedure through real-time interaction between hand manipulators and virtual environments, allowing physicians to experience real interventional procedures during training and reducing training time and costs. A growing number of medical schools are now adopting VR simulated training systems for interventional procedure training. This article reviews the relevant research progress of VR simulation interventional procedure training system in recent years and discusses the development prospects of VR technology in interventional procedure training.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of virtual reality technology on cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral vascular accident (CVA).MethodsEMbase, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on virtual reality technology on cognitive dysfunction in patients with CVA from inception to December 31st, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 25 RCTs involving 1 113 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the scores of MBI (MD=9.24, 95%CI 1.91 to 16.56, P=0.01), MMSE (MD=3.02, 95%CI 1.11 to 4.93, P=0.002) and RBMT-2 (MD=2.74, 95%CI 1.97 to 3.51, P<0.000 01) in VR group were superior to the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in scores of BI, MOCA, and VCPT.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that virtual reality technology may have positively influence on cognitive function and participation in the daily life activities of patients with CVA. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with virtual reality (VR) on upper limb dysfunction of stroke patients.MethodsPatients with stroke who were hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2018 to January 2020 were selected. The patients were divided into tDCS group, VR group and combined treatment group by random number table method. All three groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment. Based on this, tDCS group received 2.0 mA tDCS treatment, VR group received 20 min VR treatment, and combined treatment group received the same tDCS and VR treatment. Before and 4 weeks after treatment, the Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper limb (FMA-UL), Wolf motor function test (WMFT) and modified barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate the upper limb motor function and activities of daily life (ADL) of the three groups.ResultsA total of 45 patients were included, 15 in each group. No adverse reactions or fall off occurred during the treatment. Before treatment, there were no significant difference in FMA-UL, WMFT-Times, WMFT functional ability scores (WMFT-FAS), and MBI between the three groups (P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the FMA-UL, WMFT-Times, WMFT-FAS, and MBI scores of the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05); the MBI score of the combination treatment group was significantly better than the tDCS group and VR group, and the FMA-UL was significantly better than the tDCS group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, there were no significant differences in the improvement of FMA-UL, WMFT-Times, WMFT-FAS, and MBI scores between the tDCS group and the VR group (P>0.05); the differences of FMA-UL, WMFT-Times, WMFT-FAS, and MBI scores before and after treatment in the combined treatment group, which were significantly better than those in tDCS group and VR group (P<0.05). ConclusiontDCS combined with virtual reality can significantly improve the upper limb motor function and ADL ability of stroke patients, and the effect is superior to tDCS or VR treatment solely.
Post-stroke cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of stroke, and active rehabilitation therapy can effectively promote the recovery of patients. As a new treatment method, telecognitive rehabilitation is used in rehabilitation treatment of cognitive disorders. Its main technologies include computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation, virtual reality technology, and artificial intelligence technology. It can use the Internet platform to provide homogeneous treatment, make patients more convenient for cognitive rehabilitation treatment, help to ensure the continuity of rehabilitation treatment, and save medical costs. This article describes the definition of cognitive telerehabilitation, the development and application of cognitive telerehabilitation technology, and summarizes the existing problems. The purpose is to provide a reference for the clinical application of cognitive telerehabilitation in China and future research directions.
Gynecology and obstetrics teaching has strong practicality. Because of the lack of practice on patients who has strong self-protection consciousness and the likely injury due to invasive operation, students and young doctors can’t have many opportunities to make actual clinical operation which limits their abilities of clinical skills. Based on this, the virtual reality medical education in the teaching of obstetrics and gynecology develops fast these days because of its necessity, ethicality, and economical effect, which might be popularized. It plays a very important role in cultivating young doctors’ manipulative ability, training "three basics and three strictness", mastering abstract knowledge, and quantitative assessing effect of clinical teaching.
Objective To investigate the effect of virtual reality (VR) sham feeding on gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods Elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to Trauma Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between June and December 2024 who met the case selection criteria were selected. Patients who were willing to complete the postoperative VR operation were assigned to the experimental group (VR group), and the other patients were assigned to the control group by 1∶1 manual interval matching according to sex, age (±5 years), and body mass index (±2 kg/m2). The control group received fasting and nutrition management strategy during perioperative period of accelerated rehabilitation. In the VR group, VR sham feeding intervention was performed on the basis of the control group. The time of first postoperative exhaust and defecation, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative nutrition (hemoglobin, serum albumin) and inflammatory indicators (white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), postoperative appetite and postoperative complications (bleeding, fever, delirium, aspiration, vertigo) were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 70 patients were enrolled, with 35 in each group. There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the VR group and the control group in the time of postoperative first exhaust [(9.17±4.81) vs. (13.66±5.97) h], time of postoperative first defecation [(49.00±28.61) vs. (66.83±29.93) h], degree of abdominal distension 3 d after surgery (grade 0/1/2: 26/7/2 vs. 16/12/7 cases), appetite score 1 d after surgery (62.86±12.85 vs. 54.71±11.50), appetite score 3 d after surgery (76.29±9.95 vs. 62.43±8.86), albumin level 3 d after surgery [(33.18±3.41) vs. (31.40±3.07) g/L], and hospitalization days [(7.97±1.38) vs. (9.06±2.43) d], while there was no statistically significant difference in other indicators (P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is high in elderly patients with hip fracture. VR sham feeding can promote the early recovery of gastrointestinal function, alleviate postoperative abdominal distension, significantly improve postoperative appetite, and increase albumin level after surgery.
Joint attention deficit is one of the core disorders in children with autism, which seriously affects the development of multiple basic skills such as language and communication. Virtual reality scene intervention has great potential in improving joint attention skills in children with autism due to its good interactivity and immersion. This article reviewed the application of virtual reality based social and nonsocial scenarios in training joint attention skills for children with autism in recent years, summarized the problems and challenges of this intervention method, and proposed a new joint paradigm for social scenario assessment and nonsocial scenario training. Finally, it looked forward to the future development and application prospects of virtual reality technology in joint attention skill training for children with autism.