目的 探討魚膽汁對兔腎臟的影響及其機制。 方法 將實驗新西蘭大耳白兔隨機分為灌胃組（GP組，n=19）與靜脈注射組（VI組，n=15），根據體重分別按3 mL/kg、0.3 mL/kg的劑量通過灌胃或耳緣靜脈注射方式給予魚膽汁。采集魚膽汁處理前與處理后1～5 h的血標本，測定腎功能、酸堿平衡及電解質指標，記錄GP組每個采樣點前20 min尿量及魚膽汁處理前、處理后5 h的尿常規。魚膽汁處理后5 h處死動物取腎做病理學檢查。 結果 給予一定量魚膽汁后5 h內，兩組兔血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮、K+呈升高趨勢（P均＜0.05），而血HCO3?濃度呈下降趨勢（P＜0.05），其中VI組兔Scr、血K+改變早于GP組。GP組記錄尿量明顯下降，尿pH值升高，蛋白定量試驗、隱血試驗結果均呈陽性。兩組兔腎組織病理檢查均顯示腎小球血管充盈，少量中性粒細胞浸潤；腎小管水腫及間質充血，部分有局灶性出血，腎間質損傷較腎小球更為嚴重。 結論 無論經由消化道還是血管給予實驗兔魚膽汁均可導致急性腎功能損傷，與魚膽汁造成急性腎實質損傷、特別是腎小管間質損傷有關。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduced glutathione in the treatment of acute renal failure. Methods Twenty-three patients with acute renal failure were divided into the treatment group (n=10) and the control group (n=13) by simple randomisation. Patients in the treatment group received intravenous reduced glutathione 1200 mg daily. Patients in the control group were not treated with reduced glutathione. The therapeutic course for both groups was 4 weeks. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined before treatment as well as at the end of each of the 4 weeks. Proximal and distal renal tubular functions were evaluated at the end of the treatment. The time when clinical symptoms were improved was recorded and adverse drug reactions were monitored. Results The durations of nausea and vomiting as well as the oliguria stage were shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. The serum creatinine level in the treatment group decreased more markedly than that in the control group. At the end of the treatment, the renal tubular function was better in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion Reduced glutathione contributes to the early recovery of renal function in patients with acute renal failure. However, more high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of prulifloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods The double-blind, double dummy and randomized controlled method was adopted. One hundred and forty-four patients were randomized to the treatment group (prulifloxacin , 4 tablets, bid) and the control group (levofloxacin, 4 tablets, bid). The randomization code was produced by computer. The treatment duration for both groups was from 7 to 10 days. Results Data were analyzed on the basis of full analysis sets (FAS) and per-protocol (PP) analysis. The total improvement rates of the trial and control groups were 85.07% and 88.52% respectively by FAS analysis, and 90.48% and 91.53% respectively by PP analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in improvement rates (Pgt;0.05). Bacterial negative rates in the trial and control groups were 93.75% and 93.88% respectively by FAS analysis and 97.83% and 97.87% respectively by PP analysis. The results showed no statistical significance difference between the two groups in bacterial negative rates (Pgt;0.05). The adverse events in the prulifloxacin and levofloxacin groups were 2.80% and 5.60% respectively. Conclusion Prulifloxacin has the same clinical effectiveness as levofloxacin with a few toxic adverse effects in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of Fushenqudu capsules in the treatment of chronic renal failure. Methods The double blind, double dummy and randomized controlled method was adopted. One hundred and thirty one patients were randomized to the trial group (n=88, Fushenqudu capsule, 4 capsules, qid) and the control group (n =43, Shenshuaining capsules, 4 capsules, qid). The therapeutic duration for both groups was 8 weeks. Results The results were analyzed on the basis of intention-to-treat. For effectiveness of treatment, the markedly effective rate was 27.3% (24/88); the total effective rate was 67.0% (59/88) in the treatment group; the markedly effective rate was 25.6% (11/43), the total effective rate was 58.1% (25/43) in the control group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). For effectiveness of Pishenqixu syndrome, the markedly effective rate was 48.9% (43/88) and 53.3% (23/43) respectively in the trial and control groups. No statistically significant difference was tested between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Mild adverse effects occurred in two groups. When a smaller dose or termination of the drug were applied, the symptoms went. The tolerance was good when the patients took the medicine regularly. Conclusions Fushenqudu capsules have the same clinical effect as Shenshuaining capsule with a little toxic adverse effects.