目的：探討腦梗死出血轉化(HT)的病因，發生率，臨床表現和影像學特點及預后。方法：對我院2002年1月至2008年7月96例腦梗死出血轉化患者進行回顧性分析。結果：糖尿病、高血壓、心房纖顫、血脂異常、大面積腦梗死是HT的主要病因，其發生率為20.3%，第一周為62.5%，第二周為31.2%，兩周后為6.3%，其臨床表現為頭痛、嘔吐、肢體無力加重、意識障礙加深，CT或MRI表現為非血腫型與血腫型，死亡率為16.7%。結論：對神經癥狀及體征加重的患者，尤其是大面積腦死患者，應及早查復查CT或MRI，有利于HT的早期診治。
Objective To investigate nosocomial infection rate in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), its risk factors and the pathogenic characteristics of multidrug-resistant bacteria through targeted monitoring, in order to provide scientific references for reducing nosocomial infection. Methods Targeted monitoring was performed on the patients who were admitted to the comprehensive ICU between July 2014 and June 2016. Results Nosocomial infection occurred in 312 of the 4 991 patients. The case infection rate was 6.25%, and case infection rate per day was 19.03‰. After the adjustment, the case infection rate per day was 6.77‰. The ventilator-associated pneumonia infection accounted for 30.78‰; catheter-related bloodstream infection occupied 0.30‰; and catheter-associated urinary tract infection accounted for 0.27‰. The respiratory tract was the major part of nosocomial infection, accounting for 90.38%. Gram-negative bacilli were the major bacteria accounting for 92.74%, in whichAcinetobacter baumannii accounted for 36.29%. Conclusions Through targeted monitoring to keep abreast of the current situation of nosocomial infection in ICU, management and interventions can be targeted. It is an important way to reduce nosocomial infection in ICU.
Objective To explore the status of smoking and passive smoking of the population with the high risk of stroke in the community and their attitude towards smoking control. Methods In March 2015, under the direction of Stroke Screening and Prevention Projection, the residents with the high risk of stroke were sought out in Longfeng Community, Suining City, Sichuan Province. And then their status of smoking and passive smoking and their attitude towards smoking control was investigated by Passive Smoking Questionnaire for Adults from National Smoking Control Office. Results A total of 354 residents with the high risk of stroke were sought out, in whom 152 (42.9%) were smokers, and the smoking rate of males (70.1%) and females (1.4%) was significantly different (P<0.001). Those aged 40-49 had the highest smoking rate (55.0%), followed by those aged 50-59 (51.7%), and smokers of the two age groups accounted for 73.0% of all smokers. There was significant difference in smoking rate among different age groups (P<0.001). The smoking rate of those with a lower education level of primary school (57.9%) was the highest, and there were significant differences in smoking rates among the population with different education levels (P<0.001). The smoking rate of the solitary (95.7%) was higher than that of the non solitary (34.9%) (P<0.001). In 202 non-smokers, 67 (33.2%) was suffered from passive smoking, and the rate of passive smoking was 31.3% in males and 62.3% in females with a significant difference (P<0.001). The proportion of the female non-smokers against passive smoking (84.1%) was higher than that of the male non-smokers (57.8%). According to the participants report, 79.9% of participants approved completely non-smoking in hospital, school and public transport, 66.4% approved non-smoking in the office and traffic station, and only 10.2% approved non-smoking in the restaurants. Conclusions The rates of smoking and passive smoking among the population with the high risk of stroke are high, and most of the population are supportive to smoke prohibition in public places except restaurants. The population with a low cultural level is short of smoking harm knowledge.
目的 總結前交通動脈瘤栓塞治療的經驗。 方法 2008年1月－2011年8月，23例前交通動脈瘤患者均在全身麻醉下行動脈瘤內栓塞治療。其中4例在導絲或導管保護動脈瘤頸情況下行栓塞治療；1例術中導絲刺破動脈瘤，繼續快速填塞至動脈瘤完全栓塞；1例栓塞后彈簧圈突入載瘤動脈，行A1-A2段支架后置入。 結果 23例患者手術技術成功率100%。術后即刻造影，動脈瘤完全栓塞11例，＞90%栓塞8例，＜90%栓塞4例。支架后置入患者術后出現腦梗死，經治療1個月后康復出院。所有患者臨床隨訪6～24個月，未見再出血。16例患者行全腦血管數字減影血管成像復查，動脈瘤未見復發，其中3例＞90%栓塞、2例＜90%栓塞患者動脈瘤完全閉塞。 結論 彈簧圈栓塞治療前交通動脈瘤是一種安全、有效的治療方式。但其技術難度相對較大，需要細致操作。