With the intensification of population aging, the number of edentulous patients continues rising. Fixed implant prostheses have become the primary treatment for tooth loss due to their superior chewing efficiency and comfort. However, improper implant prosthetic design may lead to various mechanical and biological complications, and even result in implant failure. Therefore, systematically analyzing the mechanical factors that influence the outcomes of implant restoration and optimizing the design hold significant clinical importance. Finite element analysis, as an effective biomechanical research tool, can simulate the stress distribution in dental implants and bone tissues under different loading conditions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing implant restoration plans. This review focuses on the impact of factors including implant number, size, shape, inclination angle, framework design and different modeling assumptions on the stress distribution in edentulous implant, aiming to provide references for developing clinically rational implant restoration plans.