With the intensification of population aging, the number of edentulous patients continues rising. Fixed implant prostheses have become the primary treatment for tooth loss due to their superior chewing efficiency and comfort. However, improper implant prosthetic design may lead to various mechanical and biological complications, and even result in implant failure. Therefore, systematically analyzing the mechanical factors that influence the outcomes of implant restoration and optimizing the design hold significant clinical importance. Finite element analysis, as an effective biomechanical research tool, can simulate the stress distribution in dental implants and bone tissues under different loading conditions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing implant restoration plans. This review focuses on the impact of factors including implant number, size, shape, inclination angle, framework design and different modeling assumptions on the stress distribution in edentulous implant, aiming to provide references for developing clinically rational implant restoration plans.
Citation： LAN Yue, SU Baohui. Research progress on three-dimensional finite element analysis for fixed implant restoration of edentulous jaw. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2026, 43(2): 434-440. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202504001 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Journal of Biomedical Engineering of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | 王興. 第四次全國口腔健康流行病學調查報告. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2018: 39-43. |
| 2. | Garg A K. Full-arch implant rehabilitation (FAIR): a single-visit protocol for restoring function and esthetics in partially and fully edentulous patients. Image-Guided Aesthetic Treatments, 2023: 295-314. |
| 3. | Froimovici F O, Butn?ra?u C C, Montanari M, et al. Fixed full-arch implant-supported restorations: techniques review and proposal for improvement. J Clin Med, 2024, 12(12): 408. |
| 4. | 陸婧, 李英, 孟茂花, 等. 三維有限元方法分析“All-on-4”技術的生物力學特征. 中國組織工程研究, 2024, 28(22): 3591-3596. |
| 5. | Naguib G H, Hashem A B H, Natto Z S, et al. The effect of implant length and diameter on stress distribution of tooth-implant and implant supported fixed prostheses: an in vitro finite element analysis study. J Oral Implantol, 2023, 49(1): 46-54. |
| 6. | Falcinelli C, Valente F, Vasta M, et al. Finite element analysis in implant dentistry: state of the art and future directions. Dent Mater, 2023, 39(6): 539-556. |
| 7. | Lahoud P, Faghihian H, Richert R, et al. Finite element models: a road to in-silico modeling in the age of personalized dentistry. J Dent, 2024, 150: 105348. |
| 8. | Chen P, Zhang J, Yao J, et al. Effect of angled abutments in the posterior maxillary region on tilted implants: a 3D finite element analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2024, 62(8): 2585-2597. |
| 9. | Sadek H S, Anany N M, El-Anwar M I, et al. Biomechanical behavior of cantilevered 3-unit implant-supported prostheses made of PEKK and monolithic zirconia: a finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2025, 163: 106872. |
| 10. | ?entürk A, Akaltan F. Biomechanical behavior of all-on-4 concept and alternative designs under different occlusal load configurations for completely edentulous mandible: a 3-D finite element analysis. Odontology, 2024, 112(4): 1231-1247. |
| 11. | Schimmel M, Araujo M, Abou-Ayash S, et al. Group 4 ITI consensus report: patient benefits following implant treatment in partially and fully edentulous patients. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2023, 34(S26): 257-265. |
| 12. | Zhang Y, Li S, Di P, et al. Comparison of 4- or 6-implant supported immediate full-arch fixed prostheses: a retrospective cohort study of 217 patients followed up for 3–13 years. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2023, 25(2): 381-397. |
| 13. | Chen W, Zhou Y, Pang L, et al. A retrospective study on patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life with fixed 4- or 6-implant supported prostheses over 3-7 years. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2025, 27(1): e13394. |
| 14. | 王璨, 顧衛平, 蔣煜彬, 等. 不同種植設計對下頜無牙頜應力影響的有限元分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2022, 26(4): 573-578. |
| 15. | Geremia T, De Barcellos L H, Corso L L, et al. Effect of number of implants, distal implant inclination, and angled abutment on stresses in fixed complete dentures: a nonlinear finite element analysis. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac, 2021, 62(4): 201-208. |
| 16. | Maló P, Rangert B, Nobre M. "All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Br?nemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2003, 5(S1): 2-9. |
| 17. | Toia M, Moreira C S, Dias D R, et al. Fixed full-arch maxillary prostheses supported by four versus six implants: 5-year results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2024, 36(5): 298-313. |
| 18. | Carneiro-Campos L E, Freitas-Fernandes L B, Fernandes C P, et al. Evaluation of mandibular implant-supported fixed prosthesis retained by 3 dental implants, 1 straight and 2 angled: a retrospective clinical study. J Prosthet Dent, 2024, 131(4): 603-610. |
| 19. | Hirani M, Devine M, Obisesan O, et al. The use of three implants to support a fixed prosthesis in the management of the edentulous mandible: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent, 2022, 8(1): 28. |
| 20. | Qiu P, Cao R, Li Z, et al. A comprehensive biomechanical evaluation of length and diameter of dental implants using finite element analyses: a systematic review. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e26876. |
| 21. | Ahn J H, Lim Y J, Lee J, et al. A one-year randomized controlled clinical trial of three types of narrow-diameter implants for fixed partial implant-supported prosthesis in the mandibular incisor area. Bioengineering, 2024, 11(3): 272. |
| 22. | Pachiou A, Tsirogiannis P, Ioannidis A, et al. Narrow-diameter implants for treatment with fixed restorations in the posterior region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont, 2025, 34(7): 670-685. |
| 23. | Alshiddi I F. Survival rate and clinico-radiographic parameters around narrow-diameter dental implants for fixed dental prostheses in the posterior regions: a systematic review. Dent Med Probl, 2023, 60(2): 345-353. |
| 24. | Storelli S, Caputo A, Palandrani G, et al. Use of narrow-diameter implants in completely edentulous patients as a prosthetic option: a systematic review of the literature. Biomed Res Int, 2021: 5571793. |
| 25. | Moraschini V, Mour?o C F A B, Montemezi P, et al. Clinical comparation of extra-short (4 mm) and long (>8 mm) dental implants placed in mandibular bone: a systematic review and metanalysis. Healthcare, 2021, 9(3): 315. |
| 26. | Talreja K S, Rodrigues S J, Pai U Y, et al. A nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress distribution and microstrain evaluation in short dental implants with three different implant-abutment connections in single and splinted conditions in the posterior mandible. Int J Dent, 2023: 8851098. |
| 27. | de Araújo Nobre M, Antunes C, Lopes A, et al. Partial implant rehabilitations in the posterior regions of the jaws supported by short dental implants (7. 0 mm): a 7-year clinical and 5-year radiographical prospective study. J Clin Med, 2024, 13(6): 1549. |
| 28. | Shen Y W, Huang H L, Hsu J T, et al. Effects of diameters of implant and abutment screw on stress distribution within dental implant and alveolar bone: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Dent Sci, 2024, 19(2): 1126-1134. |
| 29. | ?elebi A. 3D finite element analysis of stress distribution conical and cylindrical implants by alveolar ridge splitting technique: analytical study. Turkiye Klin J Dent Sci, 2022, 28: 260-265. |
| 30. | Alemayehu D B, Jeng Y R. Three-dimensional finite element investigation into effects of implant thread design and loading rate on stress distribution in dental implants and anisotropic bone. Materials, 2021, 14(22): 6974. |
| 31. | Bhalla S, Bagde H, Pallavi K, et al. An in vivo comparative study between primary stability of dental implant in D3 and D4 bone with different implant designs. J Dent Sci Res Rev Rep, 2023: 1-6. |
| 32. | Khaohoen A, Sornsuvan T, Chaijareenont P, et al. Biomaterials and clinical application of dental implants in relation to bone density-a narrative review. J Clin Med, 2023, 12(21): 6924. |
| 33. | Huraib W M, Pullishery F, Al-Ghalib T A, et al. Influence of rough micro-threaded and laser micro-textured implant-neck on peri-implant tissues: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J, 2023, 35(6): 602-613. |
| 34. | 李昕茹, 趙文博, 紀妍, 等. 不同螺紋種植體修復下頜第一磨牙即刻負荷的初始穩定性比較. 中國組織工程研究, 2024, 28(22): 3445-3450. |
| 35. | de Andrade C L, Carvalho M A, Bordin D, et al. Biomechanical behavior of the dental implant macrodesign. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2017, 32(2): 264-270. |
| 36. | Sun X, Cheng K, Liu Y, et al. Biomechanical comparison of all-on-4 and all-on-5 implant-supported prostheses with alteration of anterior-posterior spread: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1187504. |
| 37. | Tezeri?ener H A, ?zalp ?, Altay M A, et al. Comparison of stress distribution around all-on-four implants of different angulations and zygoma implants: a 7-model finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 176. |
| 38. | Wang Q, Zhang Z Z, Bai S Z, et al. Biomechanical analysis of stress around the tilted implants with different cantilever lengths in all-on-4 concept. BMC Oral Health, 2022, 22(1): 469. |
| 39. | Seok W H, Yun P Y, Chang N H, et al. Tilted implants for implant-supported fixed hybrid prostheses: retrospective review. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2023, 49(5): 278-286. |
| 40. | Apaza Alccayhuaman K A, Soto-Pe?aloza D, Nakajima Y, et al. Biological and technical complications of tilted implants in comparison with straight implants supporting fixed dental prostheses. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2018, 29(Suppl 18): 295-308. |
| 41. | Batista R G, Faé D S, Bento V A A, et al. Impact of tilted implants for implant-supported fixed partial dentures: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent, 2024, 132(5): 890-897. |
| 42. | Yu W, Chen S, Ma L, et al. Biomechanical analysis of different framework design, framework material and bone density in the edentulous mandible with fixed implant-supported prostheses: a three-dimensional finite element study. J Prosthodont, 2023, 32(4): 309-317. |
| 43. | Gao J, Li X, He J, et al. The effect of mandibular flexure on the design of implant-supported fixed restorations of different facial types under two loading conditions by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 928656. |
| 44. | Strasding M, Marchand L, Merino E, et al. Material and abutment selection for CAD/CAM implant-supported fixed dental prostheses in partially edentulous patients – a narrative review. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2024, 35(8): 984-999. |
| 45. | Royapuram Parthasarathy P, Anaiambalam Tharmar M A, Thangavelu L. Ceramic biomaterials in dental implantology-time for change of status quo: an updated review. World J Dent, 2024, 15(8): 733-742. |
| 46. | Wang J, Gu J T, Meng M, et al. Polyetheretherketone framework for implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prostheses in a periodontitis patient with a 6-year follow-up: a case report. Chin J Dent Res, 2022, 25(2): 149-158. |
| 47. | Saeed H M, Jassim R K. Characterization and assessment of PEEK/silicon dioxide composite. Int J Dent, 2023: 3343071. |
| 48. | Karandikar P M, Ghuge N C, Tayade M C. Scope of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material applications in healthcare industry: review. Pravara Med Rev, 2023, 15(1): 67-72. |
| 49. | Yu W, Li X, Ma X, et al. Biomechanical analysis of inclined and cantilever design with different implant framework materials in mandibular complete-arch implant restorations. J Prosthet Dent, 2022, 127(5): 783.e1-783.e10. |
| 50. | 江楠, 顧衛平. 4種支架材料下不同的咬合接觸對上頜All-on-4即刻負載影響的有限元分析. 口腔醫學, 2024, 44(12): 904-911. |
| 51. | ?zcan C, Lestriez P, ?zcan M, et al. Finite element analysis of dental structures: the role of mandibular kinematics and model complexity. Front Dent Med, 2024, 5: 1461909. |
| 52. | Wang D, Akbari A, Jiang F, et al. The effects of different types of periodontal ligament material models on stresses computed using finite element models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2022, 162(6): e328-e336. |
| 53. | Celik H K, Koc S, Kustarci A, et al. A literature review on the linear elastic material properties assigned in finite element analyses in dental research. Mater Today Commun, 2022, 30: 103087. |
| 54. | Dhatrak P, Girme V, Shirsat U, et al. Significance of orthotropic material models to predict stress around bone-implant interface using numerical simulation. BioNanoScience, 2019, 9(3): 652-659. |
| 55. | Vautrin A, Zysset P, Varga P. Influence of key modeling assumptions on the finite element prediction of dental implant primary stability. Comput Biol Med, 2025, 195: 110587. |
| 56. | Sánchez E, de Vries E, Matthews D, et al. The effect of coating characteristics on implant-bone interface mechanics. J Biomech, 2024, 163: 111949. |
- 1. 王興. 第四次全國口腔健康流行病學調查報告. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2018: 39-43.
- 2. Garg A K. Full-arch implant rehabilitation (FAIR): a single-visit protocol for restoring function and esthetics in partially and fully edentulous patients. Image-Guided Aesthetic Treatments, 2023: 295-314.
- 3. Froimovici F O, Butn?ra?u C C, Montanari M, et al. Fixed full-arch implant-supported restorations: techniques review and proposal for improvement. J Clin Med, 2024, 12(12): 408.
- 4. 陸婧, 李英, 孟茂花, 等. 三維有限元方法分析“All-on-4”技術的生物力學特征. 中國組織工程研究, 2024, 28(22): 3591-3596.
- 5. Naguib G H, Hashem A B H, Natto Z S, et al. The effect of implant length and diameter on stress distribution of tooth-implant and implant supported fixed prostheses: an in vitro finite element analysis study. J Oral Implantol, 2023, 49(1): 46-54.
- 6. Falcinelli C, Valente F, Vasta M, et al. Finite element analysis in implant dentistry: state of the art and future directions. Dent Mater, 2023, 39(6): 539-556.
- 7. Lahoud P, Faghihian H, Richert R, et al. Finite element models: a road to in-silico modeling in the age of personalized dentistry. J Dent, 2024, 150: 105348.
- 8. Chen P, Zhang J, Yao J, et al. Effect of angled abutments in the posterior maxillary region on tilted implants: a 3D finite element analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2024, 62(8): 2585-2597.
- 9. Sadek H S, Anany N M, El-Anwar M I, et al. Biomechanical behavior of cantilevered 3-unit implant-supported prostheses made of PEKK and monolithic zirconia: a finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2025, 163: 106872.
- 10. ?entürk A, Akaltan F. Biomechanical behavior of all-on-4 concept and alternative designs under different occlusal load configurations for completely edentulous mandible: a 3-D finite element analysis. Odontology, 2024, 112(4): 1231-1247.
- 11. Schimmel M, Araujo M, Abou-Ayash S, et al. Group 4 ITI consensus report: patient benefits following implant treatment in partially and fully edentulous patients. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2023, 34(S26): 257-265.
- 12. Zhang Y, Li S, Di P, et al. Comparison of 4- or 6-implant supported immediate full-arch fixed prostheses: a retrospective cohort study of 217 patients followed up for 3–13 years. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2023, 25(2): 381-397.
- 13. Chen W, Zhou Y, Pang L, et al. A retrospective study on patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life with fixed 4- or 6-implant supported prostheses over 3-7 years. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2025, 27(1): e13394.
- 14. 王璨, 顧衛平, 蔣煜彬, 等. 不同種植設計對下頜無牙頜應力影響的有限元分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2022, 26(4): 573-578.
- 15. Geremia T, De Barcellos L H, Corso L L, et al. Effect of number of implants, distal implant inclination, and angled abutment on stresses in fixed complete dentures: a nonlinear finite element analysis. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac, 2021, 62(4): 201-208.
- 16. Maló P, Rangert B, Nobre M. "All-on-Four" immediate-function concept with Br?nemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2003, 5(S1): 2-9.
- 17. Toia M, Moreira C S, Dias D R, et al. Fixed full-arch maxillary prostheses supported by four versus six implants: 5-year results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2024, 36(5): 298-313.
- 18. Carneiro-Campos L E, Freitas-Fernandes L B, Fernandes C P, et al. Evaluation of mandibular implant-supported fixed prosthesis retained by 3 dental implants, 1 straight and 2 angled: a retrospective clinical study. J Prosthet Dent, 2024, 131(4): 603-610.
- 19. Hirani M, Devine M, Obisesan O, et al. The use of three implants to support a fixed prosthesis in the management of the edentulous mandible: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent, 2022, 8(1): 28.
- 20. Qiu P, Cao R, Li Z, et al. A comprehensive biomechanical evaluation of length and diameter of dental implants using finite element analyses: a systematic review. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e26876.
- 21. Ahn J H, Lim Y J, Lee J, et al. A one-year randomized controlled clinical trial of three types of narrow-diameter implants for fixed partial implant-supported prosthesis in the mandibular incisor area. Bioengineering, 2024, 11(3): 272.
- 22. Pachiou A, Tsirogiannis P, Ioannidis A, et al. Narrow-diameter implants for treatment with fixed restorations in the posterior region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont, 2025, 34(7): 670-685.
- 23. Alshiddi I F. Survival rate and clinico-radiographic parameters around narrow-diameter dental implants for fixed dental prostheses in the posterior regions: a systematic review. Dent Med Probl, 2023, 60(2): 345-353.
- 24. Storelli S, Caputo A, Palandrani G, et al. Use of narrow-diameter implants in completely edentulous patients as a prosthetic option: a systematic review of the literature. Biomed Res Int, 2021: 5571793.
- 25. Moraschini V, Mour?o C F A B, Montemezi P, et al. Clinical comparation of extra-short (4 mm) and long (>8 mm) dental implants placed in mandibular bone: a systematic review and metanalysis. Healthcare, 2021, 9(3): 315.
- 26. Talreja K S, Rodrigues S J, Pai U Y, et al. A nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress distribution and microstrain evaluation in short dental implants with three different implant-abutment connections in single and splinted conditions in the posterior mandible. Int J Dent, 2023: 8851098.
- 27. de Araújo Nobre M, Antunes C, Lopes A, et al. Partial implant rehabilitations in the posterior regions of the jaws supported by short dental implants (7. 0 mm): a 7-year clinical and 5-year radiographical prospective study. J Clin Med, 2024, 13(6): 1549.
- 28. Shen Y W, Huang H L, Hsu J T, et al. Effects of diameters of implant and abutment screw on stress distribution within dental implant and alveolar bone: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Dent Sci, 2024, 19(2): 1126-1134.
- 29. ?elebi A. 3D finite element analysis of stress distribution conical and cylindrical implants by alveolar ridge splitting technique: analytical study. Turkiye Klin J Dent Sci, 2022, 28: 260-265.
- 30. Alemayehu D B, Jeng Y R. Three-dimensional finite element investigation into effects of implant thread design and loading rate on stress distribution in dental implants and anisotropic bone. Materials, 2021, 14(22): 6974.
- 31. Bhalla S, Bagde H, Pallavi K, et al. An in vivo comparative study between primary stability of dental implant in D3 and D4 bone with different implant designs. J Dent Sci Res Rev Rep, 2023: 1-6.
- 32. Khaohoen A, Sornsuvan T, Chaijareenont P, et al. Biomaterials and clinical application of dental implants in relation to bone density-a narrative review. J Clin Med, 2023, 12(21): 6924.
- 33. Huraib W M, Pullishery F, Al-Ghalib T A, et al. Influence of rough micro-threaded and laser micro-textured implant-neck on peri-implant tissues: a systematic review. Saudi Dent J, 2023, 35(6): 602-613.
- 34. 李昕茹, 趙文博, 紀妍, 等. 不同螺紋種植體修復下頜第一磨牙即刻負荷的初始穩定性比較. 中國組織工程研究, 2024, 28(22): 3445-3450.
- 35. de Andrade C L, Carvalho M A, Bordin D, et al. Biomechanical behavior of the dental implant macrodesign. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2017, 32(2): 264-270.
- 36. Sun X, Cheng K, Liu Y, et al. Biomechanical comparison of all-on-4 and all-on-5 implant-supported prostheses with alteration of anterior-posterior spread: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1187504.
- 37. Tezeri?ener H A, ?zalp ?, Altay M A, et al. Comparison of stress distribution around all-on-four implants of different angulations and zygoma implants: a 7-model finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 176.
- 38. Wang Q, Zhang Z Z, Bai S Z, et al. Biomechanical analysis of stress around the tilted implants with different cantilever lengths in all-on-4 concept. BMC Oral Health, 2022, 22(1): 469.
- 39. Seok W H, Yun P Y, Chang N H, et al. Tilted implants for implant-supported fixed hybrid prostheses: retrospective review. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2023, 49(5): 278-286.
- 40. Apaza Alccayhuaman K A, Soto-Pe?aloza D, Nakajima Y, et al. Biological and technical complications of tilted implants in comparison with straight implants supporting fixed dental prostheses. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2018, 29(Suppl 18): 295-308.
- 41. Batista R G, Faé D S, Bento V A A, et al. Impact of tilted implants for implant-supported fixed partial dentures: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent, 2024, 132(5): 890-897.
- 42. Yu W, Chen S, Ma L, et al. Biomechanical analysis of different framework design, framework material and bone density in the edentulous mandible with fixed implant-supported prostheses: a three-dimensional finite element study. J Prosthodont, 2023, 32(4): 309-317.
- 43. Gao J, Li X, He J, et al. The effect of mandibular flexure on the design of implant-supported fixed restorations of different facial types under two loading conditions by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 928656.
- 44. Strasding M, Marchand L, Merino E, et al. Material and abutment selection for CAD/CAM implant-supported fixed dental prostheses in partially edentulous patients – a narrative review. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2024, 35(8): 984-999.
- 45. Royapuram Parthasarathy P, Anaiambalam Tharmar M A, Thangavelu L. Ceramic biomaterials in dental implantology-time for change of status quo: an updated review. World J Dent, 2024, 15(8): 733-742.
- 46. Wang J, Gu J T, Meng M, et al. Polyetheretherketone framework for implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prostheses in a periodontitis patient with a 6-year follow-up: a case report. Chin J Dent Res, 2022, 25(2): 149-158.
- 47. Saeed H M, Jassim R K. Characterization and assessment of PEEK/silicon dioxide composite. Int J Dent, 2023: 3343071.
- 48. Karandikar P M, Ghuge N C, Tayade M C. Scope of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material applications in healthcare industry: review. Pravara Med Rev, 2023, 15(1): 67-72.
- 49. Yu W, Li X, Ma X, et al. Biomechanical analysis of inclined and cantilever design with different implant framework materials in mandibular complete-arch implant restorations. J Prosthet Dent, 2022, 127(5): 783.e1-783.e10.
- 50. 江楠, 顧衛平. 4種支架材料下不同的咬合接觸對上頜All-on-4即刻負載影響的有限元分析. 口腔醫學, 2024, 44(12): 904-911.
- 51. ?zcan C, Lestriez P, ?zcan M, et al. Finite element analysis of dental structures: the role of mandibular kinematics and model complexity. Front Dent Med, 2024, 5: 1461909.
- 52. Wang D, Akbari A, Jiang F, et al. The effects of different types of periodontal ligament material models on stresses computed using finite element models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2022, 162(6): e328-e336.
- 53. Celik H K, Koc S, Kustarci A, et al. A literature review on the linear elastic material properties assigned in finite element analyses in dental research. Mater Today Commun, 2022, 30: 103087.
- 54. Dhatrak P, Girme V, Shirsat U, et al. Significance of orthotropic material models to predict stress around bone-implant interface using numerical simulation. BioNanoScience, 2019, 9(3): 652-659.
- 55. Vautrin A, Zysset P, Varga P. Influence of key modeling assumptions on the finite element prediction of dental implant primary stability. Comput Biol Med, 2025, 195: 110587.
- 56. Sánchez E, de Vries E, Matthews D, et al. The effect of coating characteristics on implant-bone interface mechanics. J Biomech, 2024, 163: 111949.