- 1. Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
- 2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
As the aging process accelerates, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer continues to rise. These patients often present with multiple chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, which lead to more complex perioperative management and significantly increased surgical risks. Developed following the standards of the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system and the reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT), this guideline addresses 28 clinical issues concerning elderly lung cancer patients, such as frailty, malnutrition, and falls, and proposes 55 recommendations. It aims to provide standardized perioperative management strategies for elderly lung cancer patients, with the goal of reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and improving patients' quality of life through comprehensive geriatric assessment, comorbidity management, and early identification and intervention for complications.
Citation: LI Daiping, LIANG Rui, DONG Birong, LIU Lunxu, GE Ning, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Guideline for the comprehensive perioperative management of elderly patients with lung cancer (2025). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2026, 26(9): 993-1012. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202603063 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | 李代萍, 梁瑞, 李霖龍, 等. 老年肺癌患者圍術期綜合管理指南(2025)計劃書[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2025, 25(12): 1379-1383. |
| 2. | Decoster L, Kenis C, Schallier D, et al. Geriatric assessment and functional decline in older patients with lung cancer[J]. Lung, 2017, 195(5): 619-626. |
| 3. | Korc-Grodzicki B, Downey RJ, Shahrokni A, et al. Surgical considerations in older adults with cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32(24): 2647-2653. |
| 4. | Wong ML, McMurry TL, Schumacher JR, et al. Comorbidity assessment in the national cancer database for patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)[J]. J Oncol Pract, 2018, 14(10): 631-643. |
| 5. | Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations[J]. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926. |
| 6. | Guyatt GH, Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ, et al. Guideline panels should seldom make good practice statements: guidance from the GRADE Working Group[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 2016, 80: 3-7. |
| 7. | Dai S, Yang M, Song J, et al. Impacts of frailty on prognosis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 715513. |
| 8. | Fletcher JA, Fox ST, Reid N, et al. The impact of frailty on health outcomes in older adults with lung cancer: a systematic review[J]. Cancer Treat Res Commun, 2022, 33: 100652. |
| 9. | Hu J, Lan J, Xu G. Role of frailty in predicting prognosis of older patients with lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2024, 15(7): 101804. |
| 10. | Komici K, Bencivenga L, Navani N, et al. Frailty in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Chest, 2022, 162(2): 485-497. |
| 11. | Liu T, Peng X, Geng Y, et al. Frailty and prognosis in lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ Support Palliat Care, 2024, 14(2): 121-131. |
| 12. | 郭晴, 武云婷, 鄭瑞雙, 等. 老年腫瘤患者衰弱發生率及其影響因素的Meta分析[J]. 護理實踐與研究, 2025, 22(6): 870-880. |
| 13. | 郭銀寧, 繆雪怡, 蔣小曼, 等. 腫瘤患者衰弱影響因素的Meta分析[J]. 中國全科醫學, 2023, 26(8): 989-996. |
| 14. | Soubeyran P, Bellera C, Goyard J, et al. Screening for vulnerability in older cancer patients: the ONCODAGE prospective multicenter cohort study[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(12): e115060. |
| 15. | Agemi Y, Shimokawa T, Sasaki J, et al. Prospective evaluation of the G8 screening tool for prognostication of survival in elderly patients with lung cancer: a single-institution study[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(1): e0210499. |
| 16. | Schulkes KJG, Souwer ETD, van Elden LJR, et al. Prognostic value of geriatric 8 and identification of seniors at risk for hospitalized patients screening tools for patients with lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2017, 18(6): 660-666. |
| 17. | Russo C, Giannotti C, Signori A, et al. Predictive values of two frailty screening tools in older patients with solid cancer: a comparison of SAOP2 and G8[J]. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(80): 35056-35068. |
| 18. | Martinez-Tapia C, Canoui-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Optimizing the G8 screening tool for older patients with cancer: diagnostic performance and validation of a six-item version[J]. Oncologist, 2016, 21(2): 188-195. |
| 19. | Bech D, Lietzen LW, Meldgaard P, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric screening tools G8 and modified G8 in older patients with lung cancer: a diagnostic performance study[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2024, 15(2): 101645. |
| 20. | 吳雪, 楊川川, 李燕, 等. 加速康復外科技術在老年肺癌手術病人中應用效果的Meta分析[J]. 護理研究, 2020, 34(24): 4324-4330. |
| 21. | Li S, Zhou K, Che G, et al. Enhanced recovery programs in lung cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2017, 9: 657-670. |
| 22. | Li R, Wang K, Qu C, et al. The effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery program on lung cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(6): 3566-3586. |
| 23. | 張云飛, 許華, 單世君, 等. 老年肺癌根治切除術后譫妄風險預測模型構建與效能評價[J]. 中華老年多器官疾病雜志, 2025, 24(6): 411-416. |
| 24. | 鮑秦琴, 馬雯婧, 楊艷, 等. 老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡術后譫妄的影響因素分析[J]. 河北醫藥, 2025, 47(5): 852-855, 860. |
| 25. | 劉微, 關丹丹, 張洪巖. 老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡下根治切除術后譫妄發生的列線圖模型的建立與評價[J]. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2024, 32(6): 1054-1059. |
| 26. | 周雪玲, 邢素玲, 陳秀玲, 等. 老年肺癌患者術后譫妄的影響因素分析與護理[J]. 中國實用醫藥, 2016, 11(30): 238-239. |
| 27. | Tian JY, Hao XY, Cao FY, et al. Preoperative frailty assessment predicts postoperative mortality, delirium and pneumonia in elderly lung cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2023, 30(12): 7442-7451. |
| 28. | Lu Y, Liu X. Postoperative delirium and its influencing factors in elderly patients with lung cancer in the intensive care unit[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2023, 15(2): 701-710. |
| 29. | Wei W, Zheng X, Gu Y, et al. Effect of general anesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized-controlled trial[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2022, 22(1): 1. |
| 30. | Ishibashi H, Wakejima R, Asakawa A, et al. Postoperative delirium in lung cancer anatomical resection-analysis of risk factors and prognosis[J]. World J Surg, 2022, 46(5): 1196-1206. |
| 31. | 伍僑. 老年術后譫妄發生率及危險因素的系統評價[D]. 成都: 成都中醫藥大學, 2021. |
| 32. | Jiang AM, Zhao R, Liu N, et al. The prognostic value of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in patients with small cell lung cancer and it's influencing factors: a meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2020, 12(10): 5718-5728. |
| 33. | Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, et al. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials[J]. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22(3): 321-336. |
| 34. | Harada H, Yamashita Y, Misumi K, et al. Multidisciplinary team-based approach for comprehensive preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation including intensive nutritional support for lung cancer patients[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3): e59566. |
| 35. | 張立, 羅湘玉, 郭家龍. 快速康復外科理念在高齡肺癌患者圍術期護理中的應用[J]. 湖北醫藥學院學報, 2021, 40(6): 646-648, 664. |
| 36. | 琚文匯. 膳食護理與營養管理干預老年肺癌行胸腔鏡手術治療患者[J]. 實用中西醫結合臨床, 2020, 20(8): 152-154. |
| 37. | 董健, 陳清勇, 楊彥, 等. 循證理念下環節優化護理在老年肺癌胸腔鏡手術圍術期的應用效果[J]. 老年醫學與保健, 2025, 31(2): 373-377. |
| 38. | 陳露, 秦小云. 膳食護理聯合營養管理模式對老年肺癌行胸腔鏡手術治療患者機體營養狀態的影響觀察[J]. 健康女性, 2023, (11): 55-56. |
| 39. | 黃文靜, 林艷. 老年肺癌26例術前護理干預[J]. 齊魯護理雜志, 2011, 17(18): 8-9. |
| 40. | Negm AM, Lee J, Hamidian R, et al. Management of sarcopenia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2022, 23(5): 707-714. |
| 41. | Bai GH, Tsai MC, Tsai HW, et al. Effects of branched-chain amino acid-rich supplementation on EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Nutr, 2022, 61(2): 637-651. |
| 42. | Wu PY, Huang KS, Chen KM, et al. Exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutrition in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. Maturitas, 2021, 145: 38-48. |
| 43. | Dai ACK, Mackenzie L. Falls experienced by adult cancer survivors: a scoping review[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2025, 47(4): 855-875. |
| 44. | Kenis C, Decoster L, Flamaing J, et al. Incidence of falls and fall-related injuries and their predictive factors in frail older persons with cancer: a multicenter study[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2022, 22(1): 877. |
| 45. | Montero-Odasso M, van der Velde N, Martin FC, et al. World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative[J]. Age Ageing, 2022, 51(9): 1-12. |
| 46. | Sattar S, Haase K, Kuster S, et al. Falls in older adults with cancer: an updated systematic review of prevalence, injurious falls, and impact on cancer treatment[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2021, 29(1): 21-33. |
| 47. | Sattar S, Kenis C, Haase K, et al. Falls in older patients with cancer: nursing and allied health group of international society of geriatric oncology review paper[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2020, 11(1): 1-7. |
| 48. | Vande Walle N, Kenis C, Heeren P, et al. Fall predictors in older cancer patients: a multicenter prospective study[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2014, 14: 135. |
| 49. | Wildes TM, Maggiore RJ, Tew WP, et al. Factors associated with falls in older adults with cancer: a validated model from the cancer and aging research group[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2018, 26(10): 3563-3570. |
| 50. | 王星欣, 王赟, 劉鵬程, 等. 老年住院病人跌倒風險篩查與評估的證據總結[J]. 全科護理, 2025, 23(12): 2227-2231. |
| 51. | 蔡瑩瑩, 張俊峰, 鄭可欣, 等. 老年腫瘤患者跌倒評估及管理最佳證據總結[J]. 護理學報, 2021, 28(18): 22-27. |
| 52. | 汪夢月, 蔣園園, 陳妍, 等. 老年綜合評估對預防老年患者護理不良事件發生的Meta分析[J]. 護理學報, 2021, 28(1): 27-32. |
| 53. | Dautzenberg L, Beglinger S, Tsokani S, et al. Interventions for preventing falls and fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2021, 69(10): 2973-2984. |
| 54. | Dyer SM, Kwok WS, Suen J, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025, (8): CD016064. |
| 55. | Guirguis-Blake JM, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, et al. Interventions to prevent falls in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force[J]. JAMA, 2024, 332(1): 58-69. |
| 56. | Pillay J, Gaudet LA, Saba S, et al. Falls prevention interventions for community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits, harms, and patient values and preferences[J]. Syst Rev, 2024, 13(1): 289. |
| 57. | Tricco AC, Thomas SM, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparisons of interventions for preventing falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA, 2017, 318(17): 1687-1699. |
| 58. | 康寧, 于海軍, 陸曉敏, 等. 中國老年人跌倒發生率的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2022, 22(10): 1142-1148. |
| 59. | 鄒連玉, 鄭麗維, 范維英, 等. 八段錦預防老年人跌倒效果的系統評價[J]. 按摩與康復醫學, 2022, 13(5): 40-44. |
| 60. | Miao Z, Wu P, Wang J, et al. Whole-course application of dexmedetomidine combined with ketorolac in nonnarcotic postoperative analgesia for patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized control trial[J]. Pain Physician, 2020, 23(2): e185-e193. |
| 61. | Wang X, Wang K, Wang B, et al. Effect of oxycodone combined with dexmedetomidine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2016, 30(4): 1015-1021. |
| 62. | Zhan L, Er J, Zhai W, et al. Overall effect of sufentanil-propofol general anesthesia combined with paravertebral block on patients with lung cancer resection[J]. Inter J Clin Exper Med, 2016, 9(10): 20068-20073. |
| 63. | Zhang Y, Yan W, Chen Y, et al. Lower background infusion of oxycodone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, combined with ropivacaine intercostal nerve block, in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial[J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2021, 15: 3535-3542. |
| 64. | Zhou Y, Huang JX, Lu XH, et al. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for non-small cell lung cancer patient after thoracotomy[J]. J Cancer Res Ther, 2015, 11(Suppl 1): C128-C130. |
| 65. | 劉念. 舒芬太尼復合鹽酸氫考酮PCIA對老年肺癌根治術患者細胞免疫功能的影響[J]. 當代醫學, 2015, 21(18): 141-142. |
| 66. | 胡彥艷, 秦丹丹, 葉鳳青, 等. 舒芬太尼復合氟比洛芬酯PCIA對老年肺癌根治術患者細胞免疫功能的影響[J]. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2013, 29(10): 962-964. |
| 67. | Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, et al. Test-retest reliability and validity of the pittsburgh sleep quality index in primary insomnia[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2002, 53(3): 737-740. |
| 68. | Divani A, Heidari ME, Ghavampour N, et al. Effect of cancer treatment on sleep quality in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pittsburgh sleep quality index[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2022, 30(6): 4687-4697. |
| 69. | Hinz A, Friedrich M, Schulte T, et al. The pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) applied to cancer patients: psychometric properties and factors affecting sleep quality[J]. Cancer Invest, 2025, 43(1): 103-113. |
| 70. | Richards KC, O'Sullivan PS, Phillips RL. Measurement of sleep in critically ill patients[J]. J Nurs Meas, 2000, 8(2): 131-144. |
| 71. | Levack WM, Dean SG, Siegert RJ, et al. Purposes and mechanisms of goal planning in rehabilitation: the need for a critical distinction[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2006, 28(12): 741-749. |
| 72. | Levack WM, Weatherall M, Hay-Smith EJ, et al. Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, (7): CD009727. |
| 73. | Rosewilliam S, Roskell CA, Pandyan A. A systematic review and synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative evidence behind patient-centred goal setting in stroke rehabilitation[J]. Clin Rehabil, 2011, 25(6): 501-514. |
| 74. | Sugavanam T, Mead G, Bulley C, et al. The effects and experiences of goal setting in stroke rehabilitation - a systematic review[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2013, 35(3): 177-190. |
| 75. | Chao X, Tong RJ, Shen QH, et al. The effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2025, 16: 1681531. |
| 76. | Fu H, Hu J, Zhang X, et al. The effects of esketamine on postoperative delirium in older patients with fragile brain function during the non-acute phase following lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2025, 25(1): 608. |
| 77. | Luo T, Deng Z, Ren Q, et al. Effects of esketamine on postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive disorders in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Anesth, 2024, 95: 111447. |
| 78. | 寧曉麗, 劉偉, 李娟, 等. 艾司氯胺酮聯合豎脊肌平面阻滯對胸腔鏡手術患者術后早期恢復質量的影響[J]. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2024, 40(5): 473-477. |
| 79. | 徐珊瑚, 孟杰, 李依玲, 等. 艾司氯胺酮對老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡肺葉切除術后焦慮、抑郁及認知功能的影響[J]. 中國實用醫藥, 2024, 19(7): 23-27. |
| 80. | 黃曉丹. 艾司氯胺酮在肺癌胸腔鏡根治術麻醉誘導及術后鎮痛中的臨床療效[J]. 北方藥學, 2024, 21(1): 123-125. |
| 81. | Smilowitz NR, Gupta N, Guo Y, et al. Trends in cardiovascular risk factor and disease prevalence in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery[J]. Heart, 2018, 104(14): 1180-1186. |
| 82. | Smilowitz NR, Gupta N, Ramakrishna H, et al. Perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with noncardiac surgery[J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2017, 2(2): 181-187. |
| 83. | Arnett DK, Goodman RA, Halperin JL, et al. AHA/ACC/HHS strategies to enhance application of clinical practice guidelines in patients with cardiovascular disease and comorbid conditions: from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 64(17): 1851-1856. |
| 84. | Murthy NM, Yoo TT, Sanchez A, et al. Preoperative diagnostic assessment of patients with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing noncardiac surgery: a 2025 update[J]. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 2025, 21(4): 87-100. |
| 85. | Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, et al. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines[J]. Circulation, 2024, 150(19): 351-442. |
| 86. | Saad M, Sohail MU, Ansari I, et al. Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2025, 39(8): 2057-2066. |
| 87. | Hollmann C, Fernandes NL, Biccard BM. A systematic review of outcomes associated with withholding or continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers before noncardiac surgery[J]. Anesth Analg, 2018, 127(3): 678-687. |
| 88. | Ahmed M, Fatima E, Shafiq A, et al. Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Anesth, 2024, 99: 111679. |
| 89. | Huang WW, Zhu WZ, Mu DL, et al. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with shortened overall survival after lung cancer surgery. Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't[J]. BMC Anesthesiology, 2020, 20(1): 160. |
| 90. | Sancheti MS, Melvan JN, Medbery RL, et al. Outcomes after surgery in high-risk patients with early stage lung cancer[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(3): 1043-1050. |
| 91. | Colombi D, Adebanjo GAR, Delfanti R, et al. Association between mortality and lung low attenuation areas in NSCLC treated by surgery[J]. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(6): 1377. |
| 92. | Colombi D, Risoli C, Delfanti R, et al. Software-based assessment of well-aerated lung at CT for quantification of predicted pulmonary function in resected NSCLC[J]. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(1): 198. |
| 93. | Zhang Y, Lang L, Guo X, et al. The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma[J]. Respir Res, 2025, 26(1): 151. |
| 94. | Wang L, Yu M, Ma Y, et al. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on postoperative clinical status in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, 2022: 4133237. |
| 95. | 余中華, 謝國省, 秦昌龍, 等. 肺癌合并慢阻肺患者術后運動康復獲益探究[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2022, 25(1): 14-20. |
| 96. | American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes-2025[J]. Diabetes Care, 2025, 48(1 Suppl 1): S321-S334. |
| 97. | Koike Y, Aokage K, Osame K, et al. Risk factors of severe postoperative complication in lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2024, 30(1): 18. |
| 98. | Zhang Y, He D, Zhang W, et al. ACE inhibitor benefit to kidney and cardiovascular outcomes for patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease stages 3-5: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials[J]. Drugs, 2020, 80(8): 797-811. |
| 99. | Xie X, Liu Y, Perkovic V, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2016, 67(5): 728-741. |
| 100. | Lin YC, Lai TS, Chen YT, et al. Comparative efficacy and choice of lipid-lowering drugs for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2025, 124(11): 1056-1064. |
| 101. | 中國老年學和老年醫學學會老年慢性腎臟病綜合管理指南制訂專家組. 老年慢性腎臟病綜合管理指南(2025年版)[J]. 中華腎臟病雜志, 2025, 41(3): 220-240. |
| 102. | Liu Y, Bai YP, Zhou ZF, et al. Preoperative anemia as a prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies[J]. J Cancer, 2019, 10(9): 2047-2056. |
| 103. | Litton E, Xiao J, Ho KM. Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron therapy in reducing requirement for allogeneic blood transfusion: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials[J]. BMJ, 2013, 347: f4822. |
| 104. | Mu?oz M, Acheson AG, Auerbach M, et al. International consensus statement on the peri-operative management of anaemia and iron deficiency[J]. Anaesthesia, 2017, 72(2): 233-247. |
| 105. | Zimmermann J, Walter J, Stoleriu MG, et al. The impact of comorbidities on the all-cause mortality of surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer patients - visualization with the aid of a comorbidome[J]. BMC Surg, 2025, 25(1): 285. |
| 106. | Rai R, Nagral S, Nagral A. Surgery in a patient with liver disease[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2012, 2(3): 238-246. |
| 107. | 趙舒, 邱士超, 趙明強. 瑞馬唑侖復合全身麻醉對胸腔鏡肺癌根治術老年患者血流動力學、術后鎮痛鎮靜、肝腎功能及安全性的影響[J]. 臨床誤診誤治, 2025, 38(8): 80-84. |
| 108. | Lee D, Lee DH, Suh DC, et al. Intra-arterial thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke patients with active cancer[J]. J Neurol, 2019, 266(9): 2286-2293. |
| 109. | Lee EJ, Bae J, Jeong HB, et al. Effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in cancer-related stroke and associated factors with unfavorable outcome[J]. BMC Neurol, 2021, 21(1): 57. |
| 110. | 白海威, 米小昆, 劉青蕊, 等. 血清尿酸對非小細胞肺癌患者圍術期急性缺血性卒中的預測價值研究[J]. 中國全科醫學, 2023, 26(36): 4545-4551. |
| 111. | 陸中華. 肺癌合并腦梗死的臨床特點及預后分析[D]. 上海: 中國人民解放軍海軍軍醫大學, 2018. |
| 112. | 汪萍. 浙江省合并肺癌的缺血性腦卒中患者生存情況及其影響因素分析[D]. 杭州: 杭州師范大學, 2024. |
| 113. | 楊昕. 肺癌患者合并腦梗死的危險因素meta分析[D]. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2024. |
| 114. | 周丹丹. 腦梗死對新診斷非小細胞肺癌同時性腦轉移風險的影響[D]. 南京: 東南大學, 2020. |
| 115. | Hung SK, Lee MS, Chiou WY, et al. High incidence of ischemic stroke occurrence in irradiated lung cancer patients: a population-based surgical cohort study[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94377. |
| 116. | Pirahanchi Y, McGraw C, Bartt R, et al. Investigating discharge predictors for stroke patients with active cancer after endovascular therapy[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2025, 252: 108862. |
| 117. | Song J, Morgan AA, Abram AMD, et al. Khorana risk score in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world study[J]. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2025, 58(4): 497-502. |
| 118. | Tsuchihashi Y, Shimizu T, Akiyama H, et al. The risk factors for death within 6 months after ischemic stroke in patients with cancer[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2020, 29(12): 105365. |
| 119. | Degen M, Chen LJ, Sch?ttker B. Medication reviews in hospitalised patients for reduced hospital readmission and mortality. Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of RCTs[J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2025, 104: 102661. |
| 120. | Zhou D, Chen Z, Tian F. Deprescribing interventions for older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2023, 24(11): 1718-1725. |
| 121. | Rankin A, Cadogan CA, Patterson SM, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, (9): CD008165. |
| 122. | STARSurg Collaborative and TASMAN Collaborative. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study[J]. Lancet Digit Health, 2022, 4(7): 520-531. |
| 123. | Wong C, Mohamad Asfia SKB, Myles PS, et al. Smoking and complications after cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2025, 8(3): e250295. |
| 124. | Wong J, Lam DP, Abrishami A, et al. Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Can J Anaesth, 2012, 59(3): 268-279. |
| 125. | Zhang S, Liu L, Shi S, et al. Bidirectional association between cardiovascular disease and lung cancer in a prospective cohort study[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(1): 80-93. |
| 126. | Peiyuan H, Jingang Y, Haiyan X, et al. The comparison of the outcomes between primary pci, fibrinolysis, and no reperfusion in patients ≥75 years old with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from the Chinese acute myocardial infarction (CAMI) registry[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(11): e0165672. |
| 127. | Puelacher C, Gualandro DM, Lurati Buse G, et al. Etiology of peri-operative myocardial infarction/injury after noncardiac surgery and associated outcome[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2020, 76(16): 1910-1912. |
| 128. | Macherey-Meyer S, Dilley D, Heyne S, et al. Invasive strategy with intended percutaneous coronary intervention versus conservative treatment in older people with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis[J]. J Am Heart Associat, 2025, 14(8): e040435. |
| 129. | Kotanidis CP, Mills GB, Bendz B, et al. Invasive vs. conservative management of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: individual patient data meta-analysis[J]. Eur Heart J, 2024, 45(23): 2052-2062. |
| 130. | Kohansal E, Jamalkhani S, Hosseinpour A, et al. Invasive versus conservative strategies for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome in the elderly: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2025, 25(1): 96. |
| 131. | Rout A, Moumneh MB, Kalra K, et al. Invasive versus conservative strategy in older adults ≥75 years of age with non-st-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Am Heart Associat, 2024, 13(21): e036151. |
| 132. | Caron A, Depas N, Chazard E, et al. Risk of pulmonary embolism more than 6 weeks after surgery among cancer-free middle-aged patients[J]. JAMA Surg, 2019, 154(12): 1126-1132. |
| 133. | Hong HJ, Park JH, Park S, et al. Safety of Perioperative maintenance of antiplatelet agents in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery[J]. J Chest Surg, 2024, 57(4): 342-350. |
| 134. | 宋春鳳, 李輝, 田博, 等. 胸外科術后靜脈血栓栓塞癥發生情況的單中心前瞻性隊列研究[J]. 中華外科雜志, 2018, 56(4): 284-288. |
| 135. | Kaseda K, Hishida T, Masai K, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic features of operable non-small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2021, 123(1): 332-341. |
| 136. | 尹騰程. 合并2型糖尿病的非小細胞肺癌圍手術期并發癥的臨床研究[D]. 長春: 吉林大學, 2024. |
| 137. | Lai Y, Wang X, Li P, et al. Preoperative peak expiratory flow (PEF) for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after lung cancer lobectomy: a prospective study with 725 cases[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2018, 10(7): 4293-4301. |
| 138. | Mafé JJ, Planelles B, Asensio S, et al. Cost and effectiveness of lung lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2017, 9(8): 2534-2543. |
| 139. | Paul S, Altorki NK, Sheng S, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with lower morbidity than open lobectomy: a propensity-matched analysis from the STS database[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(2): 366-378. |
| 140. | Scott WJ, Allen MS, Darling G, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open lobectomy for lung cancer: a secondary analysis of data from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0030 randomized clinical trial[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(4): 976-981. |
| 141. | Bendixen M, J?rgensen OD, Kronborg C, et al. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(6): 836-844. |
| 142. | Decaluwe H, Sokolow Y, Deryck F, et al. Thoracoscopic tunnel technique for anatomical lung resections: a 'fissure first, hilum last' approach with staplers in the fissureless patient[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(1): 2-7. |
| 143. | Ng T, Ryder BA, Machan JT, et al. Decreasing the incidence of prolonged air leak after right upper lobectomy with the anterior fissureless technique[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(4): 1007-1011. |
| 144. | 邱桐, 沈毅, 王棟, 等. 肺癌伴肺裂發育不良應用無肺裂肺葉切除法療效觀察[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2013, 16(3): 148-152. |
| 145. | Refai M, Brunelli A, Salati M, et al. Efficacy of anterior fissureless technique for right upper lobectomies: a case-matched analysis[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2011, 39(6): 1043-1046. |
| 146. | Stamenovic D, Bostanci K, Messerschmidt A, et al. Fissureless fissure-last video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for all lung lobes: a better alternative to decrease the incidence of prolonged air leak[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 50(1): 118-123. |
| 147. | Gómez-Caro A, Calvo MJ, Lanzas JT, et al. The approach of fused fissures with fissureless technique decreases the incidence of persistent air leak after lobectomy[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(2): 203-208. |
| 148. | Alifano M, Jayle C, Bertin F, et al. Medical and economic evaluation of FOREseal bioabsorbable reinforcement sleeves compared with current standard of care for reducing air leakage duration after lung resection for malignancy: a randomized trial[J]. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(1): 45-53. |
| 149. | Anegg U, Lindenmann J, Matzi V, et al. Efficiency of fleece-bound sealing (TachoSil) of air leaks in lung surgery: a prospective randomised trial[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(2): 198-202. |
| 150. | D'Andrilli A, Andreetti C, Ibrahim M, et al. A prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy of a surgical sealant to treat air leaks in lung surgery[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 35(5): 817-820. |
| 151. | De Leyn P, Muller MR, Oosterhuis JW, et al. Prospective European multicenter randomized trial of PleuraSeal for control of air leaks after elective pulmonary resection[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(4): 881-887. |
| 152. | Fabian T, Federico JA, Ponn RB. Fibrin glue in pulmonary resection: a prospective, randomized, blinded study[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(5): 1587-1592. |
| 153. | Filosso PL, Ruffini E, Sandri A, et al. Efficacy and safety of human fibrinogen-thrombin patch (TachoSil?) in the treatment of postoperative air leakage in patients submitted to redo surgery for lung malignancies: a randomized trial[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2013, 16(5): 661-666. |
| 154. | Miyamoto H, Sakao Y, Sakuraba M, et al. The effects of sheet-type absorbable topical collagen hemostat used to prevent pulmonary fistula after lung surgery[J]. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 16(1): 16-20. |
| 155. | Rena O, Papalia E, Mineo TC, et al. Air-leak management after upper lobectomy in patients with fused fissure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot trial comparing sealant and standard treatment[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2009, 9(6): 973-977. |
| 156. | Jackson J, Davies P, Leggett N, et al. Systematic review of interventions for the prevention and treatment of postoperative urinary retention[J]. BJS Open, 2019, 3(1): 11-23. |
| 157. | Mitchell B, Curryer C, Holliday E, et al. Effectiveness of meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and bacteriuria: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(6): e046817. |
| 158. | 孫淑麗. 多模式鎮痛策略對術后恢復質量的影響研究[C]//中國生命關懷協會. 關愛生命大講堂之生命關懷與智慧康養系列學術研討會論文集(上)-臨床心理關懷與醫院人文建設的融合專題, 2025: 179-180. |
| 159. | Ho YM, Smith SR, Pockney P, et al. A meta-analysis on the effect of sham feeding following colectomy: should gum chewing be included in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2014, 57(1): 115-126. |
| 160. | Gómez-Caro A, Moradiellos FJ, Ausín P, et al. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery[J]. Arch Bronconeumol, 2006, 42(1): 9-13. |
| 161. | Hollings DD, Higgins RS, Faber LP, et al. Age is a strong risk factor for atrial fibrillation after pulmonary lobectomy[J]. Am J Surg, 2010, 199(4): 558-561. |
| 162. | Ivanovic J, Maziak DE, Ramzan S, et al. Incidence, severity and perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation following pulmonary resection[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2014, 18(3): 340-346. |
| 163. | Kavurmaci O, Akcam TI, Ergonul AG, et al. Is the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation predictable in patients undergoing surgery due to primary lung cancer[J]. Heart Lung Circ, 2018, 27(7): 835-841. |
| 164. | Onaitis M, D'Amico T, Zhao Y, et al. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation after lung cancer surgery: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons general thoracic surgery database[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(2): 368-374. |
| 165. | Ruan Y, Han J, Yang A, et al. Impact of preoperative inflammatory indices and postoperative pneumonia on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2024, 24(1): 355. |
| 166. | Ueda T, Suzuki K, Matsunaga T, et al. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is less frequent in pulmonary segmentectomy compared with lobectomy[J]. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 66(2): 95-100. |
| 167. | 張靜, 駱寶建, 韓芬, 等. 肺癌術后早期并發房顫的危險因素分析[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2008, 11(4): 524-528. |
| 168. | 趙嘉華, 初向陽, 薛志強, 等. 352例高齡肺癌術后心律失常的危險因素分析[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2011, 14(3): 251-255. |
| 169. | Mita N, Kuroda M, Miyoshi S, et al. Association of preoperative right and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing lung surgery: a prospective observational study[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2017, 31(2): 464-473. |
| 170. | Toufektzian L, Zisis C, Balaka C, et al. Effectiveness of brain natriuretic peptide in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(5): 654-657. |
| 171. | Chen Y, Hu Y, Wang J, et al. Development and validation of a novel prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation after lung resection[J]. Ann Med, 2025, 57(1): 2519673. |
| 172. | 宋宇豪, 田文鑫, 李東航, 等. 老年肺癌患者圍術期心肺并發癥的早期識別與干預策略[J]. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2026, 33(5): 710-716. |
| 173. | 劉倫旭, 周健, 丁香, 等. 老年肺癌患者傘形決策診療模式構建與實踐[J]. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2026, 33(6): 833-839. |
- 1. 李代萍, 梁瑞, 李霖龍, 等. 老年肺癌患者圍術期綜合管理指南(2025)計劃書[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2025, 25(12): 1379-1383.
- 2. Decoster L, Kenis C, Schallier D, et al. Geriatric assessment and functional decline in older patients with lung cancer[J]. Lung, 2017, 195(5): 619-626.
- 3. Korc-Grodzicki B, Downey RJ, Shahrokni A, et al. Surgical considerations in older adults with cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32(24): 2647-2653.
- 4. Wong ML, McMurry TL, Schumacher JR, et al. Comorbidity assessment in the national cancer database for patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)[J]. J Oncol Pract, 2018, 14(10): 631-643.
- 5. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations[J]. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926.
- 6. Guyatt GH, Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ, et al. Guideline panels should seldom make good practice statements: guidance from the GRADE Working Group[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 2016, 80: 3-7.
- 7. Dai S, Yang M, Song J, et al. Impacts of frailty on prognosis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 715513.
- 8. Fletcher JA, Fox ST, Reid N, et al. The impact of frailty on health outcomes in older adults with lung cancer: a systematic review[J]. Cancer Treat Res Commun, 2022, 33: 100652.
- 9. Hu J, Lan J, Xu G. Role of frailty in predicting prognosis of older patients with lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2024, 15(7): 101804.
- 10. Komici K, Bencivenga L, Navani N, et al. Frailty in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Chest, 2022, 162(2): 485-497.
- 11. Liu T, Peng X, Geng Y, et al. Frailty and prognosis in lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ Support Palliat Care, 2024, 14(2): 121-131.
- 12. 郭晴, 武云婷, 鄭瑞雙, 等. 老年腫瘤患者衰弱發生率及其影響因素的Meta分析[J]. 護理實踐與研究, 2025, 22(6): 870-880.
- 13. 郭銀寧, 繆雪怡, 蔣小曼, 等. 腫瘤患者衰弱影響因素的Meta分析[J]. 中國全科醫學, 2023, 26(8): 989-996.
- 14. Soubeyran P, Bellera C, Goyard J, et al. Screening for vulnerability in older cancer patients: the ONCODAGE prospective multicenter cohort study[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(12): e115060.
- 15. Agemi Y, Shimokawa T, Sasaki J, et al. Prospective evaluation of the G8 screening tool for prognostication of survival in elderly patients with lung cancer: a single-institution study[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(1): e0210499.
- 16. Schulkes KJG, Souwer ETD, van Elden LJR, et al. Prognostic value of geriatric 8 and identification of seniors at risk for hospitalized patients screening tools for patients with lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2017, 18(6): 660-666.
- 17. Russo C, Giannotti C, Signori A, et al. Predictive values of two frailty screening tools in older patients with solid cancer: a comparison of SAOP2 and G8[J]. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(80): 35056-35068.
- 18. Martinez-Tapia C, Canoui-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Optimizing the G8 screening tool for older patients with cancer: diagnostic performance and validation of a six-item version[J]. Oncologist, 2016, 21(2): 188-195.
- 19. Bech D, Lietzen LW, Meldgaard P, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric screening tools G8 and modified G8 in older patients with lung cancer: a diagnostic performance study[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2024, 15(2): 101645.
- 20. 吳雪, 楊川川, 李燕, 等. 加速康復外科技術在老年肺癌手術病人中應用效果的Meta分析[J]. 護理研究, 2020, 34(24): 4324-4330.
- 21. Li S, Zhou K, Che G, et al. Enhanced recovery programs in lung cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2017, 9: 657-670.
- 22. Li R, Wang K, Qu C, et al. The effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery program on lung cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(6): 3566-3586.
- 23. 張云飛, 許華, 單世君, 等. 老年肺癌根治切除術后譫妄風險預測模型構建與效能評價[J]. 中華老年多器官疾病雜志, 2025, 24(6): 411-416.
- 24. 鮑秦琴, 馬雯婧, 楊艷, 等. 老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡術后譫妄的影響因素分析[J]. 河北醫藥, 2025, 47(5): 852-855, 860.
- 25. 劉微, 關丹丹, 張洪巖. 老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡下根治切除術后譫妄發生的列線圖模型的建立與評價[J]. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2024, 32(6): 1054-1059.
- 26. 周雪玲, 邢素玲, 陳秀玲, 等. 老年肺癌患者術后譫妄的影響因素分析與護理[J]. 中國實用醫藥, 2016, 11(30): 238-239.
- 27. Tian JY, Hao XY, Cao FY, et al. Preoperative frailty assessment predicts postoperative mortality, delirium and pneumonia in elderly lung cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2023, 30(12): 7442-7451.
- 28. Lu Y, Liu X. Postoperative delirium and its influencing factors in elderly patients with lung cancer in the intensive care unit[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2023, 15(2): 701-710.
- 29. Wei W, Zheng X, Gu Y, et al. Effect of general anesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized-controlled trial[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2022, 22(1): 1.
- 30. Ishibashi H, Wakejima R, Asakawa A, et al. Postoperative delirium in lung cancer anatomical resection-analysis of risk factors and prognosis[J]. World J Surg, 2022, 46(5): 1196-1206.
- 31. 伍僑. 老年術后譫妄發生率及危險因素的系統評價[D]. 成都: 成都中醫藥大學, 2021.
- 32. Jiang AM, Zhao R, Liu N, et al. The prognostic value of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in patients with small cell lung cancer and it's influencing factors: a meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2020, 12(10): 5718-5728.
- 33. Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, et al. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials[J]. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22(3): 321-336.
- 34. Harada H, Yamashita Y, Misumi K, et al. Multidisciplinary team-based approach for comprehensive preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation including intensive nutritional support for lung cancer patients[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3): e59566.
- 35. 張立, 羅湘玉, 郭家龍. 快速康復外科理念在高齡肺癌患者圍術期護理中的應用[J]. 湖北醫藥學院學報, 2021, 40(6): 646-648, 664.
- 36. 琚文匯. 膳食護理與營養管理干預老年肺癌行胸腔鏡手術治療患者[J]. 實用中西醫結合臨床, 2020, 20(8): 152-154.
- 37. 董健, 陳清勇, 楊彥, 等. 循證理念下環節優化護理在老年肺癌胸腔鏡手術圍術期的應用效果[J]. 老年醫學與保健, 2025, 31(2): 373-377.
- 38. 陳露, 秦小云. 膳食護理聯合營養管理模式對老年肺癌行胸腔鏡手術治療患者機體營養狀態的影響觀察[J]. 健康女性, 2023, (11): 55-56.
- 39. 黃文靜, 林艷. 老年肺癌26例術前護理干預[J]. 齊魯護理雜志, 2011, 17(18): 8-9.
- 40. Negm AM, Lee J, Hamidian R, et al. Management of sarcopenia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2022, 23(5): 707-714.
- 41. Bai GH, Tsai MC, Tsai HW, et al. Effects of branched-chain amino acid-rich supplementation on EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Nutr, 2022, 61(2): 637-651.
- 42. Wu PY, Huang KS, Chen KM, et al. Exercise, nutrition, and combined exercise and nutrition in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. Maturitas, 2021, 145: 38-48.
- 43. Dai ACK, Mackenzie L. Falls experienced by adult cancer survivors: a scoping review[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2025, 47(4): 855-875.
- 44. Kenis C, Decoster L, Flamaing J, et al. Incidence of falls and fall-related injuries and their predictive factors in frail older persons with cancer: a multicenter study[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2022, 22(1): 877.
- 45. Montero-Odasso M, van der Velde N, Martin FC, et al. World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative[J]. Age Ageing, 2022, 51(9): 1-12.
- 46. Sattar S, Haase K, Kuster S, et al. Falls in older adults with cancer: an updated systematic review of prevalence, injurious falls, and impact on cancer treatment[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2021, 29(1): 21-33.
- 47. Sattar S, Kenis C, Haase K, et al. Falls in older patients with cancer: nursing and allied health group of international society of geriatric oncology review paper[J]. J Geriatr Oncol, 2020, 11(1): 1-7.
- 48. Vande Walle N, Kenis C, Heeren P, et al. Fall predictors in older cancer patients: a multicenter prospective study[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2014, 14: 135.
- 49. Wildes TM, Maggiore RJ, Tew WP, et al. Factors associated with falls in older adults with cancer: a validated model from the cancer and aging research group[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2018, 26(10): 3563-3570.
- 50. 王星欣, 王赟, 劉鵬程, 等. 老年住院病人跌倒風險篩查與評估的證據總結[J]. 全科護理, 2025, 23(12): 2227-2231.
- 51. 蔡瑩瑩, 張俊峰, 鄭可欣, 等. 老年腫瘤患者跌倒評估及管理最佳證據總結[J]. 護理學報, 2021, 28(18): 22-27.
- 52. 汪夢月, 蔣園園, 陳妍, 等. 老年綜合評估對預防老年患者護理不良事件發生的Meta分析[J]. 護理學報, 2021, 28(1): 27-32.
- 53. Dautzenberg L, Beglinger S, Tsokani S, et al. Interventions for preventing falls and fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2021, 69(10): 2973-2984.
- 54. Dyer SM, Kwok WS, Suen J, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025, (8): CD016064.
- 55. Guirguis-Blake JM, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, et al. Interventions to prevent falls in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force[J]. JAMA, 2024, 332(1): 58-69.
- 56. Pillay J, Gaudet LA, Saba S, et al. Falls prevention interventions for community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits, harms, and patient values and preferences[J]. Syst Rev, 2024, 13(1): 289.
- 57. Tricco AC, Thomas SM, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparisons of interventions for preventing falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA, 2017, 318(17): 1687-1699.
- 58. 康寧, 于海軍, 陸曉敏, 等. 中國老年人跌倒發生率的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2022, 22(10): 1142-1148.
- 59. 鄒連玉, 鄭麗維, 范維英, 等. 八段錦預防老年人跌倒效果的系統評價[J]. 按摩與康復醫學, 2022, 13(5): 40-44.
- 60. Miao Z, Wu P, Wang J, et al. Whole-course application of dexmedetomidine combined with ketorolac in nonnarcotic postoperative analgesia for patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized control trial[J]. Pain Physician, 2020, 23(2): e185-e193.
- 61. Wang X, Wang K, Wang B, et al. Effect of oxycodone combined with dexmedetomidine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2016, 30(4): 1015-1021.
- 62. Zhan L, Er J, Zhai W, et al. Overall effect of sufentanil-propofol general anesthesia combined with paravertebral block on patients with lung cancer resection[J]. Inter J Clin Exper Med, 2016, 9(10): 20068-20073.
- 63. Zhang Y, Yan W, Chen Y, et al. Lower background infusion of oxycodone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, combined with ropivacaine intercostal nerve block, in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial[J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2021, 15: 3535-3542.
- 64. Zhou Y, Huang JX, Lu XH, et al. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for non-small cell lung cancer patient after thoracotomy[J]. J Cancer Res Ther, 2015, 11(Suppl 1): C128-C130.
- 65. 劉念. 舒芬太尼復合鹽酸氫考酮PCIA對老年肺癌根治術患者細胞免疫功能的影響[J]. 當代醫學, 2015, 21(18): 141-142.
- 66. 胡彥艷, 秦丹丹, 葉鳳青, 等. 舒芬太尼復合氟比洛芬酯PCIA對老年肺癌根治術患者細胞免疫功能的影響[J]. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2013, 29(10): 962-964.
- 67. Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, et al. Test-retest reliability and validity of the pittsburgh sleep quality index in primary insomnia[J]. J Psychosom Res, 2002, 53(3): 737-740.
- 68. Divani A, Heidari ME, Ghavampour N, et al. Effect of cancer treatment on sleep quality in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pittsburgh sleep quality index[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2022, 30(6): 4687-4697.
- 69. Hinz A, Friedrich M, Schulte T, et al. The pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) applied to cancer patients: psychometric properties and factors affecting sleep quality[J]. Cancer Invest, 2025, 43(1): 103-113.
- 70. Richards KC, O'Sullivan PS, Phillips RL. Measurement of sleep in critically ill patients[J]. J Nurs Meas, 2000, 8(2): 131-144.
- 71. Levack WM, Dean SG, Siegert RJ, et al. Purposes and mechanisms of goal planning in rehabilitation: the need for a critical distinction[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2006, 28(12): 741-749.
- 72. Levack WM, Weatherall M, Hay-Smith EJ, et al. Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, (7): CD009727.
- 73. Rosewilliam S, Roskell CA, Pandyan A. A systematic review and synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative evidence behind patient-centred goal setting in stroke rehabilitation[J]. Clin Rehabil, 2011, 25(6): 501-514.
- 74. Sugavanam T, Mead G, Bulley C, et al. The effects and experiences of goal setting in stroke rehabilitation - a systematic review[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2013, 35(3): 177-190.
- 75. Chao X, Tong RJ, Shen QH, et al. The effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2025, 16: 1681531.
- 76. Fu H, Hu J, Zhang X, et al. The effects of esketamine on postoperative delirium in older patients with fragile brain function during the non-acute phase following lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2025, 25(1): 608.
- 77. Luo T, Deng Z, Ren Q, et al. Effects of esketamine on postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive disorders in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Anesth, 2024, 95: 111447.
- 78. 寧曉麗, 劉偉, 李娟, 等. 艾司氯胺酮聯合豎脊肌平面阻滯對胸腔鏡手術患者術后早期恢復質量的影響[J]. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2024, 40(5): 473-477.
- 79. 徐珊瑚, 孟杰, 李依玲, 等. 艾司氯胺酮對老年肺癌患者胸腔鏡肺葉切除術后焦慮、抑郁及認知功能的影響[J]. 中國實用醫藥, 2024, 19(7): 23-27.
- 80. 黃曉丹. 艾司氯胺酮在肺癌胸腔鏡根治術麻醉誘導及術后鎮痛中的臨床療效[J]. 北方藥學, 2024, 21(1): 123-125.
- 81. Smilowitz NR, Gupta N, Guo Y, et al. Trends in cardiovascular risk factor and disease prevalence in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery[J]. Heart, 2018, 104(14): 1180-1186.
- 82. Smilowitz NR, Gupta N, Ramakrishna H, et al. Perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with noncardiac surgery[J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2017, 2(2): 181-187.
- 83. Arnett DK, Goodman RA, Halperin JL, et al. AHA/ACC/HHS strategies to enhance application of clinical practice guidelines in patients with cardiovascular disease and comorbid conditions: from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 64(17): 1851-1856.
- 84. Murthy NM, Yoo TT, Sanchez A, et al. Preoperative diagnostic assessment of patients with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing noncardiac surgery: a 2025 update[J]. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 2025, 21(4): 87-100.
- 85. Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, et al. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines[J]. Circulation, 2024, 150(19): 351-442.
- 86. Saad M, Sohail MU, Ansari I, et al. Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2025, 39(8): 2057-2066.
- 87. Hollmann C, Fernandes NL, Biccard BM. A systematic review of outcomes associated with withholding or continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers before noncardiac surgery[J]. Anesth Analg, 2018, 127(3): 678-687.
- 88. Ahmed M, Fatima E, Shafiq A, et al. Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Anesth, 2024, 99: 111679.
- 89. Huang WW, Zhu WZ, Mu DL, et al. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with shortened overall survival after lung cancer surgery. Research Support, Non-U. S. Gov't[J]. BMC Anesthesiology, 2020, 20(1): 160.
- 90. Sancheti MS, Melvan JN, Medbery RL, et al. Outcomes after surgery in high-risk patients with early stage lung cancer[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(3): 1043-1050.
- 91. Colombi D, Adebanjo GAR, Delfanti R, et al. Association between mortality and lung low attenuation areas in NSCLC treated by surgery[J]. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(6): 1377.
- 92. Colombi D, Risoli C, Delfanti R, et al. Software-based assessment of well-aerated lung at CT for quantification of predicted pulmonary function in resected NSCLC[J]. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(1): 198.
- 93. Zhang Y, Lang L, Guo X, et al. The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma[J]. Respir Res, 2025, 26(1): 151.
- 94. Wang L, Yu M, Ma Y, et al. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on postoperative clinical status in patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, 2022: 4133237.
- 95. 余中華, 謝國省, 秦昌龍, 等. 肺癌合并慢阻肺患者術后運動康復獲益探究[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2022, 25(1): 14-20.
- 96. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes-2025[J]. Diabetes Care, 2025, 48(1 Suppl 1): S321-S334.
- 97. Koike Y, Aokage K, Osame K, et al. Risk factors of severe postoperative complication in lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2024, 30(1): 18.
- 98. Zhang Y, He D, Zhang W, et al. ACE inhibitor benefit to kidney and cardiovascular outcomes for patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease stages 3-5: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials[J]. Drugs, 2020, 80(8): 797-811.
- 99. Xie X, Liu Y, Perkovic V, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2016, 67(5): 728-741.
- 100. Lin YC, Lai TS, Chen YT, et al. Comparative efficacy and choice of lipid-lowering drugs for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2025, 124(11): 1056-1064.
- 101. 中國老年學和老年醫學學會老年慢性腎臟病綜合管理指南制訂專家組. 老年慢性腎臟病綜合管理指南(2025年版)[J]. 中華腎臟病雜志, 2025, 41(3): 220-240.
- 102. Liu Y, Bai YP, Zhou ZF, et al. Preoperative anemia as a prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies[J]. J Cancer, 2019, 10(9): 2047-2056.
- 103. Litton E, Xiao J, Ho KM. Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron therapy in reducing requirement for allogeneic blood transfusion: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials[J]. BMJ, 2013, 347: f4822.
- 104. Mu?oz M, Acheson AG, Auerbach M, et al. International consensus statement on the peri-operative management of anaemia and iron deficiency[J]. Anaesthesia, 2017, 72(2): 233-247.
- 105. Zimmermann J, Walter J, Stoleriu MG, et al. The impact of comorbidities on the all-cause mortality of surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer patients - visualization with the aid of a comorbidome[J]. BMC Surg, 2025, 25(1): 285.
- 106. Rai R, Nagral S, Nagral A. Surgery in a patient with liver disease[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2012, 2(3): 238-246.
- 107. 趙舒, 邱士超, 趙明強. 瑞馬唑侖復合全身麻醉對胸腔鏡肺癌根治術老年患者血流動力學、術后鎮痛鎮靜、肝腎功能及安全性的影響[J]. 臨床誤診誤治, 2025, 38(8): 80-84.
- 108. Lee D, Lee DH, Suh DC, et al. Intra-arterial thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke patients with active cancer[J]. J Neurol, 2019, 266(9): 2286-2293.
- 109. Lee EJ, Bae J, Jeong HB, et al. Effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in cancer-related stroke and associated factors with unfavorable outcome[J]. BMC Neurol, 2021, 21(1): 57.
- 110. 白海威, 米小昆, 劉青蕊, 等. 血清尿酸對非小細胞肺癌患者圍術期急性缺血性卒中的預測價值研究[J]. 中國全科醫學, 2023, 26(36): 4545-4551.
- 111. 陸中華. 肺癌合并腦梗死的臨床特點及預后分析[D]. 上海: 中國人民解放軍海軍軍醫大學, 2018.
- 112. 汪萍. 浙江省合并肺癌的缺血性腦卒中患者生存情況及其影響因素分析[D]. 杭州: 杭州師范大學, 2024.
- 113. 楊昕. 肺癌患者合并腦梗死的危險因素meta分析[D]. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2024.
- 114. 周丹丹. 腦梗死對新診斷非小細胞肺癌同時性腦轉移風險的影響[D]. 南京: 東南大學, 2020.
- 115. Hung SK, Lee MS, Chiou WY, et al. High incidence of ischemic stroke occurrence in irradiated lung cancer patients: a population-based surgical cohort study[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94377.
- 116. Pirahanchi Y, McGraw C, Bartt R, et al. Investigating discharge predictors for stroke patients with active cancer after endovascular therapy[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2025, 252: 108862.
- 117. Song J, Morgan AA, Abram AMD, et al. Khorana risk score in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world study[J]. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2025, 58(4): 497-502.
- 118. Tsuchihashi Y, Shimizu T, Akiyama H, et al. The risk factors for death within 6 months after ischemic stroke in patients with cancer[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2020, 29(12): 105365.
- 119. Degen M, Chen LJ, Sch?ttker B. Medication reviews in hospitalised patients for reduced hospital readmission and mortality. Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of RCTs[J]. Ageing Res Rev, 2025, 104: 102661.
- 120. Zhou D, Chen Z, Tian F. Deprescribing interventions for older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2023, 24(11): 1718-1725.
- 121. Rankin A, Cadogan CA, Patterson SM, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, (9): CD008165.
- 122. STARSurg Collaborative and TASMAN Collaborative. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study[J]. Lancet Digit Health, 2022, 4(7): 520-531.
- 123. Wong C, Mohamad Asfia SKB, Myles PS, et al. Smoking and complications after cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2025, 8(3): e250295.
- 124. Wong J, Lam DP, Abrishami A, et al. Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Can J Anaesth, 2012, 59(3): 268-279.
- 125. Zhang S, Liu L, Shi S, et al. Bidirectional association between cardiovascular disease and lung cancer in a prospective cohort study[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(1): 80-93.
- 126. Peiyuan H, Jingang Y, Haiyan X, et al. The comparison of the outcomes between primary pci, fibrinolysis, and no reperfusion in patients ≥75 years old with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from the Chinese acute myocardial infarction (CAMI) registry[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(11): e0165672.
- 127. Puelacher C, Gualandro DM, Lurati Buse G, et al. Etiology of peri-operative myocardial infarction/injury after noncardiac surgery and associated outcome[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2020, 76(16): 1910-1912.
- 128. Macherey-Meyer S, Dilley D, Heyne S, et al. Invasive strategy with intended percutaneous coronary intervention versus conservative treatment in older people with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis[J]. J Am Heart Associat, 2025, 14(8): e040435.
- 129. Kotanidis CP, Mills GB, Bendz B, et al. Invasive vs. conservative management of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: individual patient data meta-analysis[J]. Eur Heart J, 2024, 45(23): 2052-2062.
- 130. Kohansal E, Jamalkhani S, Hosseinpour A, et al. Invasive versus conservative strategies for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome in the elderly: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2025, 25(1): 96.
- 131. Rout A, Moumneh MB, Kalra K, et al. Invasive versus conservative strategy in older adults ≥75 years of age with non-st-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Am Heart Associat, 2024, 13(21): e036151.
- 132. Caron A, Depas N, Chazard E, et al. Risk of pulmonary embolism more than 6 weeks after surgery among cancer-free middle-aged patients[J]. JAMA Surg, 2019, 154(12): 1126-1132.
- 133. Hong HJ, Park JH, Park S, et al. Safety of Perioperative maintenance of antiplatelet agents in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery[J]. J Chest Surg, 2024, 57(4): 342-350.
- 134. 宋春鳳, 李輝, 田博, 等. 胸外科術后靜脈血栓栓塞癥發生情況的單中心前瞻性隊列研究[J]. 中華外科雜志, 2018, 56(4): 284-288.
- 135. Kaseda K, Hishida T, Masai K, et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic features of operable non-small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2021, 123(1): 332-341.
- 136. 尹騰程. 合并2型糖尿病的非小細胞肺癌圍手術期并發癥的臨床研究[D]. 長春: 吉林大學, 2024.
- 137. Lai Y, Wang X, Li P, et al. Preoperative peak expiratory flow (PEF) for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after lung cancer lobectomy: a prospective study with 725 cases[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2018, 10(7): 4293-4301.
- 138. Mafé JJ, Planelles B, Asensio S, et al. Cost and effectiveness of lung lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2017, 9(8): 2534-2543.
- 139. Paul S, Altorki NK, Sheng S, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with lower morbidity than open lobectomy: a propensity-matched analysis from the STS database[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(2): 366-378.
- 140. Scott WJ, Allen MS, Darling G, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open lobectomy for lung cancer: a secondary analysis of data from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0030 randomized clinical trial[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(4): 976-981.
- 141. Bendixen M, J?rgensen OD, Kronborg C, et al. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(6): 836-844.
- 142. Decaluwe H, Sokolow Y, Deryck F, et al. Thoracoscopic tunnel technique for anatomical lung resections: a 'fissure first, hilum last' approach with staplers in the fissureless patient[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(1): 2-7.
- 143. Ng T, Ryder BA, Machan JT, et al. Decreasing the incidence of prolonged air leak after right upper lobectomy with the anterior fissureless technique[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 139(4): 1007-1011.
- 144. 邱桐, 沈毅, 王棟, 等. 肺癌伴肺裂發育不良應用無肺裂肺葉切除法療效觀察[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2013, 16(3): 148-152.
- 145. Refai M, Brunelli A, Salati M, et al. Efficacy of anterior fissureless technique for right upper lobectomies: a case-matched analysis[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2011, 39(6): 1043-1046.
- 146. Stamenovic D, Bostanci K, Messerschmidt A, et al. Fissureless fissure-last video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for all lung lobes: a better alternative to decrease the incidence of prolonged air leak[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 50(1): 118-123.
- 147. Gómez-Caro A, Calvo MJ, Lanzas JT, et al. The approach of fused fissures with fissureless technique decreases the incidence of persistent air leak after lobectomy[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(2): 203-208.
- 148. Alifano M, Jayle C, Bertin F, et al. Medical and economic evaluation of FOREseal bioabsorbable reinforcement sleeves compared with current standard of care for reducing air leakage duration after lung resection for malignancy: a randomized trial[J]. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(1): 45-53.
- 149. Anegg U, Lindenmann J, Matzi V, et al. Efficiency of fleece-bound sealing (TachoSil) of air leaks in lung surgery: a prospective randomised trial[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(2): 198-202.
- 150. D'Andrilli A, Andreetti C, Ibrahim M, et al. A prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy of a surgical sealant to treat air leaks in lung surgery[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 35(5): 817-820.
- 151. De Leyn P, Muller MR, Oosterhuis JW, et al. Prospective European multicenter randomized trial of PleuraSeal for control of air leaks after elective pulmonary resection[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(4): 881-887.
- 152. Fabian T, Federico JA, Ponn RB. Fibrin glue in pulmonary resection: a prospective, randomized, blinded study[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(5): 1587-1592.
- 153. Filosso PL, Ruffini E, Sandri A, et al. Efficacy and safety of human fibrinogen-thrombin patch (TachoSil?) in the treatment of postoperative air leakage in patients submitted to redo surgery for lung malignancies: a randomized trial[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2013, 16(5): 661-666.
- 154. Miyamoto H, Sakao Y, Sakuraba M, et al. The effects of sheet-type absorbable topical collagen hemostat used to prevent pulmonary fistula after lung surgery[J]. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010, 16(1): 16-20.
- 155. Rena O, Papalia E, Mineo TC, et al. Air-leak management after upper lobectomy in patients with fused fissure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot trial comparing sealant and standard treatment[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2009, 9(6): 973-977.
- 156. Jackson J, Davies P, Leggett N, et al. Systematic review of interventions for the prevention and treatment of postoperative urinary retention[J]. BJS Open, 2019, 3(1): 11-23.
- 157. Mitchell B, Curryer C, Holliday E, et al. Effectiveness of meatal cleaning in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and bacteriuria: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(6): e046817.
- 158. 孫淑麗. 多模式鎮痛策略對術后恢復質量的影響研究[C]//中國生命關懷協會. 關愛生命大講堂之生命關懷與智慧康養系列學術研討會論文集(上)-臨床心理關懷與醫院人文建設的融合專題, 2025: 179-180.
- 159. Ho YM, Smith SR, Pockney P, et al. A meta-analysis on the effect of sham feeding following colectomy: should gum chewing be included in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2014, 57(1): 115-126.
- 160. Gómez-Caro A, Moradiellos FJ, Ausín P, et al. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery[J]. Arch Bronconeumol, 2006, 42(1): 9-13.
- 161. Hollings DD, Higgins RS, Faber LP, et al. Age is a strong risk factor for atrial fibrillation after pulmonary lobectomy[J]. Am J Surg, 2010, 199(4): 558-561.
- 162. Ivanovic J, Maziak DE, Ramzan S, et al. Incidence, severity and perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation following pulmonary resection[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2014, 18(3): 340-346.
- 163. Kavurmaci O, Akcam TI, Ergonul AG, et al. Is the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation predictable in patients undergoing surgery due to primary lung cancer[J]. Heart Lung Circ, 2018, 27(7): 835-841.
- 164. Onaitis M, D'Amico T, Zhao Y, et al. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation after lung cancer surgery: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons general thoracic surgery database[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(2): 368-374.
- 165. Ruan Y, Han J, Yang A, et al. Impact of preoperative inflammatory indices and postoperative pneumonia on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2024, 24(1): 355.
- 166. Ueda T, Suzuki K, Matsunaga T, et al. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is less frequent in pulmonary segmentectomy compared with lobectomy[J]. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 66(2): 95-100.
- 167. 張靜, 駱寶建, 韓芬, 等. 肺癌術后早期并發房顫的危險因素分析[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2008, 11(4): 524-528.
- 168. 趙嘉華, 初向陽, 薛志強, 等. 352例高齡肺癌術后心律失常的危險因素分析[J]. 中國肺癌雜志, 2011, 14(3): 251-255.
- 169. Mita N, Kuroda M, Miyoshi S, et al. Association of preoperative right and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing lung surgery: a prospective observational study[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2017, 31(2): 464-473.
- 170. Toufektzian L, Zisis C, Balaka C, et al. Effectiveness of brain natriuretic peptide in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(5): 654-657.
- 171. Chen Y, Hu Y, Wang J, et al. Development and validation of a novel prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation after lung resection[J]. Ann Med, 2025, 57(1): 2519673.
- 172. 宋宇豪, 田文鑫, 李東航, 等. 老年肺癌患者圍術期心肺并發癥的早期識別與干預策略[J]. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2026, 33(5): 710-716.
- 173. 劉倫旭, 周健, 丁香, 等. 老年肺癌患者傘形決策診療模式構建與實踐[J]. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2026, 33(6): 833-839.

