Current status of health economics reports on clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus in China from 2021 to 2023_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XING Xin ^1,2,3,4 , KONG Weize ^1,2,3 , ZHANG Guohua ⁴ , GUO Liping ^1,2,3 , WEI Zhipeng ^1,2,3 , LIU Yijun ⁵ ,  CHEN Yaolong ^1,2,3,6,7 ,  YANG Kehu ^1,2,3,6,7

1. Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
2. Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
3. WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
4. First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
5. Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei 733000, P. R. China;
6. Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
7. Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

CHEN Yaolong, Email: chevidence@lzu.edu.cn; YANG Kehu, Email: yangkh-ebm@lzu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Chinese clinical practice guidelines; Expert consensus; Health economics; Current status survey; Evidence-based medicine

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202407155

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically investigate the current status of reporting health economics evidence in clinical practice guidelines and expert consensuses published in China from 2021 to 2023, providing references for the formulation and revision of guidelines and consensuses in our country. Methods Computer searches were conducted in the CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, China Academic Journals Full-text Database, PubMed, and Web of Science to collect clinical practice guidelines and expert consensuses published in China from 2021 to 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information on the inclusion of economic evidence in guidelines and consensuses, and then used quantitative analysis methods for description. Results A total of 4 236 relevant articles were included, of which 1 066 (25.17%) reported health economics evidence; 120 (11.26%) reported health economics evidence in the formation of recommendation opinions; 109 (10.23%) reported health economics evidence in the grading of evidence quality; 832 (78.05%) reported health economics evidence in the interpretation and explanation of recommendation opinions. Conclusion The reporting rate of health economics evidence in clinical practice guidelines and expert consensuses published in China is not high. The reporting rate of health economics evidence in consensuses is lower than that in guidelines. It is recommended that during the formulation process of guidelines and consensuses, the application of health economics evidence should be further strengthened in aspects such as the formation of recommendation opinions, the grading of evidence quality, and the interpretation and explanation of recommendation opinions, in order to improve the scientific, rigorous, and applicability of clinical practice guidelines and expert consensuses, and to play the role of guidelines and consensuses in optimizing the allocation of health resources, improving clinical diagnosis and treatment effects, and enhancing the quality of medical care.

Citation： XING Xin, KONG Weize, ZHANG Guohua, GUO Liping, WEI Zhipeng, LIU Yijun, CHEN Yaolong, YANG Kehu. Current status of health economics reports on clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus in China from 2021 to 2023. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2025, 25(2): 195-199. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202407155 Copy

1.	Institute of Medicine. Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011.
2.	詹思延. 臨床實踐指南的制訂應當科學、規范. 中華兒科雜志, 2009, 47(3): 163-166.
3.	陳耀龍, 羅旭飛, 王吉耀, 等. 如何區分臨床實踐指南與專家共識. 協和醫學雜志, 2019, 10(4): 403-408.
4.	陳耀龍, 楊克虎. 正確理解、制訂和使用臨床實踐指南. 協和醫學雜志, 2018, 9(4): 367-373.
5.	陳耀龍, 楊克虎, 王小欽, 等. 中國制訂/修訂臨床診療指南的指導原則(2022版). 中華醫學雜志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703.
6.	Institute of Medicine Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Guidelines for clinical practice: from development to use. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1992.
7.	郭文昊, 李嚴, 王思月, 等. 衛生經濟學證據在臨床實踐指南制訂中的應用. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2024, 24(1): 91-97.
8.	陳耀龍, 楊克虎, 田金徽, 等. 循證實踐指南的制訂: 國際經驗與中國實踐. 蘭州大學學報(醫學版), 2016, 42(1): 29-35.
9.	中華醫學會消化病學分會幽門螺桿菌學組. 2022中國幽門螺桿菌感染治療指南. 中華消化雜志, 2022, (11): 745-756.
10.	WHO. WHO handbook for guideline development. 2011.
11.	Sanabria AJ, Kotzeva A, Selva Olid A, et al. Most guideline organizations lack explicit guidance in how to incorporate cost considerations. J Clin Epidemiol, 2019, 116: 72-83.
12.	Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) Statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations. Value Health, 2022, 25(1): 3-9.
13.	de Soárez PC, Soares MO, Novaes HM. Decision modeling for economic evaluation of health technologies. Cien Saude Colet, 2014, 19(10): 4209-4222.
14.	尚文茹, 劉雨佳, 魏莉莉, 等. 中醫藥領域衛生經濟評價方法應用現狀研究. 中國醫藥導刊, 2023, 25(10): 1064-1070.
15.	胡錦芳, 張達穎, 曹力, 等. 口服非甾體抗炎藥臨床鎮痛綜合評價與遴選標準專家共識. 醫藥導報, 2023, 42(9): 1270-1280.
16.	秦利榮, 劉軍, 孫志堅, 等. 醫用耗材供應鏈(SPD)管理專家共識. 中國醫藥導刊, 2023, 25(4): 343-354.
17.	肖毅, 張曉菊, 楊達偉, 等. 云加端物聯網輔助診治睡眠呼吸暫停(OSA)專家共識(2022版). 復旦學報(醫學版), 2023, 50(4): 613-619, 632.
18.	葉超群, 朱劍. 中軸脊柱關節炎/強直性脊柱炎康復實踐指南(2023版). 解放軍醫學雜志, 2023, 48(11): 1248-1259.
19.	于亞南, 劉駿, 李兵, 等. 中成藥全生命周期價值評估核心指標專家共識. 中國中藥雜志, 2023, 48(19): 5389-5396.
20.	元唯安, 張俊華, 劉建平, 等. 中成藥臨床綜合評價指南(2022年版試行). 中國中藥雜志, 2023, 48(1): 256-264.
21.	張玉, 藺蓉. 質子泵抑制劑碳酸氫鈉復方制劑臨床應用專家共識. 中國醫院藥學雜志, 2023, 43(23): 2599-2606.
22.	中國衛生信息與健康醫療大數據學會重癥醫學分會, 北京腫瘤學會重癥醫學專業委員會. 重癥大數據應用中國專家共識(2022). 中華醫學雜志, 2023, 103(6): 404-424.
23.	中國臨床腫瘤學會腫瘤支持與康復治療專家委員會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤康復與姑息治療專家委員會, 中華醫學會麻醉學分會, 等. 癌痛管理中疼痛危象理念的形成與管理方案專家建議. 中華醫學雜志, 2023, 103(21): 1591-1595.
24.	Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z, et al. Multidisciplinary guidelines for the rational use of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal pain (2022). J Clin Med, 2023, 12(4): 1544.
25.	Institute of Medicine Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines: directions for a new program. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1990.
26.	Nagler EV, Vanmassenhove J, van der Veer SN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMC Med, 2014, 12: 1.
27.	Jacobs C, Graham ID, Makarski J, et al. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements in oncology-an assessment of their methodological quality. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110469.
28.	Lopez-Olivo MA, Kallen MA, Ortiz Z, et al. Quality appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements on the use of biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum, 2008, 59(11): 1625-1638.
29.	Altman DG, Moher D. Importance of transparent reporting of health research. Guidelines for reporting health research: a user's manual. 2014.
30.	Moher D, Weeks L, Ocampo M, et al. Describing reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(7): 718-742.
31.	Simera I, Moher D, Hoey J, et al. A catalogue of reporting guidelines for health research. Eur J Clin Invest, 2010, 40(1): 35-53.
32.	Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?i? A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
33.	Haller MC, Vanholder R, Oberbauer R, et al. Health economics and European renal best practice-is it time to bring health economics into evidence-based guideline production in Europe? Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2014, 29(11): 1994-1997.
34.	孫雅佳, 史乾靈, 楊楠, 等. 臨床實踐指南綜合評價的思考與探索. 協和醫學雜志, 2023, 14(1): 22-30.
35.	關英杰, 劉建平, 金雪晶, 等. 中醫藥臨床實踐指南中經濟性證據的獲取. 中國中西醫結合雜志, 2023, 43(5): 605-612.
36.	桂裕亮, 楊亮, 曾憲濤, 等. 臨床實踐指南制訂方法-經濟學證據在指南制訂中的應用. 中國循證心血管醫學雜志, 2018, 10(11): 1285-1288.
37.	田晨, 王一蕓, 魯佳樂, 等. 麻醉專業醫務人員臨床實踐指南實施現狀調查與研究. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2024, 40(5): 514-519.
38.	Mays GP, Atherly AJ, Zaslavsky AM. The economics of public health: missing pieces to the puzzle of health system reform. Health Serv Res, 2017, 52(Suppl 2): 2275-2284.
39.	Brouwers MC, Spithoff K, Kerkvliet K, et al. Development and validation of a tool to assess the quality of clinical practice guideline recommendations. JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3(5): e205535.
40.	Attema AE, Brouwer WBF, Claxton K. Discounting in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics, 2018, 36(7): 745-758.
41.	王洋洋, 陳耀龍, 王琪, 等. 中醫(中西醫結合)臨床實踐指南制修訂方法—經濟學因素考慮. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2016, 31(10): 4099-4102.
42.	Haddad FS, McLawhorn AS. Guidelines for reporting health economic research. Bone Joint J, 2016, 98-B(2): 147-151.
43.	Drummond M. The role of health economics in clinical evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract, 1995, 1(1): 71-75.

1. Institute of Medicine. Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011.
2. 詹思延. 臨床實踐指南的制訂應當科學、規范. 中華兒科雜志, 2009, 47(3): 163-166.
3. 陳耀龍, 羅旭飛, 王吉耀, 等. 如何區分臨床實踐指南與專家共識. 協和醫學雜志, 2019, 10(4): 403-408.
4. 陳耀龍, 楊克虎. 正確理解、制訂和使用臨床實踐指南. 協和醫學雜志, 2018, 9(4): 367-373.
5. 陳耀龍, 楊克虎, 王小欽, 等. 中國制訂/修訂臨床診療指南的指導原則(2022版). 中華醫學雜志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703.
6. Institute of Medicine Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Guidelines for clinical practice: from development to use. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1992.
7. 郭文昊, 李嚴, 王思月, 等. 衛生經濟學證據在臨床實踐指南制訂中的應用. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2024, 24(1): 91-97.
8. 陳耀龍, 楊克虎, 田金徽, 等. 循證實踐指南的制訂: 國際經驗與中國實踐. 蘭州大學學報(醫學版), 2016, 42(1): 29-35.
9. 中華醫學會消化病學分會幽門螺桿菌學組. 2022中國幽門螺桿菌感染治療指南. 中華消化雜志, 2022, (11): 745-756.
10. WHO. WHO handbook for guideline development. 2011.
11. Sanabria AJ, Kotzeva A, Selva Olid A, et al. Most guideline organizations lack explicit guidance in how to incorporate cost considerations. J Clin Epidemiol, 2019, 116: 72-83.
12. Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, et al. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) Statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations. Value Health, 2022, 25(1): 3-9.
13. de Soárez PC, Soares MO, Novaes HM. Decision modeling for economic evaluation of health technologies. Cien Saude Colet, 2014, 19(10): 4209-4222.
14. 尚文茹, 劉雨佳, 魏莉莉, 等. 中醫藥領域衛生經濟評價方法應用現狀研究. 中國醫藥導刊, 2023, 25(10): 1064-1070.
15. 胡錦芳, 張達穎, 曹力, 等. 口服非甾體抗炎藥臨床鎮痛綜合評價與遴選標準專家共識. 醫藥導報, 2023, 42(9): 1270-1280.
16. 秦利榮, 劉軍, 孫志堅, 等. 醫用耗材供應鏈(SPD)管理專家共識. 中國醫藥導刊, 2023, 25(4): 343-354.
17. 肖毅, 張曉菊, 楊達偉, 等. 云加端物聯網輔助診治睡眠呼吸暫停(OSA)專家共識(2022版). 復旦學報(醫學版), 2023, 50(4): 613-619, 632.
18. 葉超群, 朱劍. 中軸脊柱關節炎/強直性脊柱炎康復實踐指南(2023版). 解放軍醫學雜志, 2023, 48(11): 1248-1259.
19. 于亞南, 劉駿, 李兵, 等. 中成藥全生命周期價值評估核心指標專家共識. 中國中藥雜志, 2023, 48(19): 5389-5396.
20. 元唯安, 張俊華, 劉建平, 等. 中成藥臨床綜合評價指南(2022年版試行). 中國中藥雜志, 2023, 48(1): 256-264.
21. 張玉, 藺蓉. 質子泵抑制劑碳酸氫鈉復方制劑臨床應用專家共識. 中國醫院藥學雜志, 2023, 43(23): 2599-2606.
22. 中國衛生信息與健康醫療大數據學會重癥醫學分會, 北京腫瘤學會重癥醫學專業委員會. 重癥大數據應用中國專家共識(2022). 中華醫學雜志, 2023, 103(6): 404-424.
23. 中國臨床腫瘤學會腫瘤支持與康復治療專家委員會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤康復與姑息治療專家委員會, 中華醫學會麻醉學分會, 等. 癌痛管理中疼痛危象理念的形成與管理方案專家建議. 中華醫學雜志, 2023, 103(21): 1591-1595.
24. Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z, et al. Multidisciplinary guidelines for the rational use of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal pain (2022). J Clin Med, 2023, 12(4): 1544.
25. Institute of Medicine Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines: directions for a new program. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1990.
26. Nagler EV, Vanmassenhove J, van der Veer SN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMC Med, 2014, 12: 1.
27. Jacobs C, Graham ID, Makarski J, et al. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements in oncology-an assessment of their methodological quality. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110469.
28. Lopez-Olivo MA, Kallen MA, Ortiz Z, et al. Quality appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements on the use of biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum, 2008, 59(11): 1625-1638.
29. Altman DG, Moher D. Importance of transparent reporting of health research. Guidelines for reporting health research: a user's manual. 2014.
30. Moher D, Weeks L, Ocampo M, et al. Describing reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(7): 718-742.
31. Simera I, Moher D, Hoey J, et al. A catalogue of reporting guidelines for health research. Eur J Clin Invest, 2010, 40(1): 35-53.
32. Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?i? A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
33. Haller MC, Vanholder R, Oberbauer R, et al. Health economics and European renal best practice-is it time to bring health economics into evidence-based guideline production in Europe? Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2014, 29(11): 1994-1997.
34. 孫雅佳, 史乾靈, 楊楠, 等. 臨床實踐指南綜合評價的思考與探索. 協和醫學雜志, 2023, 14(1): 22-30.
35. 關英杰, 劉建平, 金雪晶, 等. 中醫藥臨床實踐指南中經濟性證據的獲取. 中國中西醫結合雜志, 2023, 43(5): 605-612.
36. 桂裕亮, 楊亮, 曾憲濤, 等. 臨床實踐指南制訂方法-經濟學證據在指南制訂中的應用. 中國循證心血管醫學雜志, 2018, 10(11): 1285-1288.
37. 田晨, 王一蕓, 魯佳樂, 等. 麻醉專業醫務人員臨床實踐指南實施現狀調查與研究. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2024, 40(5): 514-519.
38. Mays GP, Atherly AJ, Zaslavsky AM. The economics of public health: missing pieces to the puzzle of health system reform. Health Serv Res, 2017, 52(Suppl 2): 2275-2284.
39. Brouwers MC, Spithoff K, Kerkvliet K, et al. Development and validation of a tool to assess the quality of clinical practice guideline recommendations. JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3(5): e205535.
40. Attema AE, Brouwer WBF, Claxton K. Discounting in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics, 2018, 36(7): 745-758.
41. 王洋洋, 陳耀龍, 王琪, 等. 中醫(中西醫結合)臨床實踐指南制修訂方法—經濟學因素考慮. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2016, 31(10): 4099-4102.
42. Haddad FS, McLawhorn AS. Guidelines for reporting health economic research. Bone Joint J, 2016, 98-B(2): 147-151.
43. Drummond M. The role of health economics in clinical evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract, 1995, 1(1): 71-75.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Current status of health economics reports on clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus in China from 2021 to 2023

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