- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China;
HUANG Huanlei,
Email: hhuanlei@hotmail.com
Thoracoscopic minimally invasive technology has been used in mitral valve plasty since 1990s. Totally thoracoscopic mitral valve plasty has the advantages of small trauma, beautiful incision and rapid postoperative recovery. It is favored by more and more patients and cardiac surgeons. However, according to the reports, the proportion of totally thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery in China is still low. Mitral valve plasty via the totally thoracoscopic approach is still controversial in terms of population adaptation, perioperative complications and long-term prognosis. In addition, the technical difficulty and the long training cycle of surgeons also limit the popularization of this technology. By summarizing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the application and development of totally thoracoscopic approach in comparison with the traditional median thoracotomy mitral valve plasty.
Citation： ZHONG Lishan, HUANG Huanlei. Application and development of totally thoracoscopic mitral valve plasty. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2023, 30(3): 458-463. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202109005 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: A population-based study. Lancet, 2006, 368(9540): 1005-1011. |
| 2. | Delling FN, Vasan RS. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of mitral valve prolapse: New insights into disease progression, genetics, and molecular basis. Circulation, 2014, 129(21): 2158-2170. |
| 3. | Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med, 2005, 352(9): 875-883. |
| 4. | 賈國華, 侯文進. 二尖瓣成形術的手術臨床運用療效分析. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2020, 12(11): 123-125. |
| 5. | 劉磊, 姚建民. 二尖瓣成形術治療二尖瓣關閉不全的臨床進展. 醫學綜述, 2015, 21(2): 249-251. |
| 6. | De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Lorusso R, et al. Very long-term results (up to 17 years) with the double-orifice mitral valve repair combined with ring annuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 144(5): 1019-1024. |
| 7. | Czesla M, G?tte JM, Doll N. How to establish video assisted, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Heart, 2012, 98(15): 1172-1178. |
| 8. | Castillo JG, Anyanwu AC, Fuster V, et al. A near 100% repair rate for mitral valve prolapse is achievable in a reference center: Implications for future guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 144(2): 308-312. |
| 9. | Melnitchouk SI, Seeburger J, Kaeding AF, et al. Barlow's mitral valve disease: Results of conventional and minimally invasive repair approaches. Ann Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 2(6): 768-773. |
| 10. | Jouan J, Berrebi A, Chauvaud S, et al. Mitral valve reconstruction in Barlow disease: Long-term echographic results and implications for surgical management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 143(4 Suppl): S17-S20. |
| 11. | Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2021, 143(5): e72-e227. |
| 12. | Muneretto C, Bisleri G, Bagozzi L, et al. Results of minimally invasive, video-assisted mitral valve repair in advanced Barlow's disease with bileaflet prolapse. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(1): 46-50. |
| 13. | 劉勝中, 譚今, 向波, 等. 全胸腔鏡二尖瓣成形術的臨床應用研究. 微創醫學, 2018, 13(3): 279-283. |
| 14. | Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, et al. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery improves patient satisfaction while reducing costs of cardiac valve replacement and repair. Ann Surg, 1997, 226(4): 421-426. |
| 15. | Kaneko Y, Kohno T, Ohtsuka T, et al. Video-assisted observation in mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 111(1): 279-280. |
| 16. | 尹立明. 達芬奇機器人輔助與常規開胸二尖瓣成形術的臨床對比研究. 青島大學, 2019. |
| 17. | 劉威, 潘湘斌. 二尖瓣反流介入治療研究現狀及中國二尖瓣反流介入領域展望. 中國循環雜志, 2021, 36(4): 407-411. |
| 18. | 中國生物醫學工程學會體外循環分會. 2019年中國心外科手術和體外循環數據白皮書. 中國體外循環雜志, 2020, 18(4): 193-196. |
| 19. | Carpentier A, Loulmet D, Carpentier A, et al. Open heart operation under videosurgery and minithoracotomy. First case (mitral valvuloplasty) operated with success. C R Acad Sci Ⅲ, 1996, 319(3): 219-223. |
| 20. | Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegeler A, et al. Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 115(3): 567-574. |
| 21. | 陳亞武, 李華, 石廣永, 等. 全胸腔鏡與正中開胸二尖瓣成形手術治療二尖瓣關閉不全病變的病例對照研究. 中國體外循環雜志, 2019, 17(2): 90-94. |
| 22. | 王珊, 江鳳英, 許友. 胸腔鏡微創二尖瓣成形術的手術配合體會. 皖南醫學院學報, 2018, 37(1): 97-99. |
| 23. | Modi P, Rodriguez E, Hargrove WC, et al. Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve surgery: A 12-year, 2-center experience in 1178 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 137(6): 1481-1487. |
| 24. | 董曉龍. 二尖瓣成形術治療二尖瓣脫垂的效果分析. 河南醫學研究, 2019, 28(7): 1229-1230. |
| 25. | Casselman FP, Van Slycke S, Wellens F, et al. Mitral valve surgery can now routinely be performed endoscopically. Circulation, 2003, 108 (Suppl 1): 48I-54I. |
| 26. | Chitwood WR, Nifong LW. Minimally invasive videoscopic mitral valve surgery: The current role of surgical robotics. J Card Surg, 2000, 15(1): 61-75. |
| 27. | Ram E, Moshkovitz Y, Shinfeld A, et al. Three-dimensional video assistance improves early results in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. ASAIO J, 2021, 67(7): 769-775. |
| 28. | Schroeyers P, Wellens F, De Geest R, et al. Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve repair: Short and mid-term results. J Heart Valve Dis, 2001, 10(5): 579-583. |
| 29. | Abu-Omar Y, Fazmin IT, Ali JM, et al. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(3): 1960-1970. |
| 30. | Seeburger J, Borger MA, Doll N, et al. Comparison of outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for posterior, anterior and bileaflet prolapse. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(3): 532-538. |
| 31. | Seeburger J, Borger MA, Falk V, et al. Minimal invasive mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation: Results of 1339 consecutive patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2008, 34(4): 760-765. |
| 32. | Grant SW, Hickey GL, Modi P, et al. Propensity-matched analysis of minimally invasive approach versus sternotomy for mitral valve surgery. Heart, 2019, 105(10): 783-789. |
| 33. | Speziale G, Moscarelli M, Di Bari N, et al. A simplified technique for complex mitral valve regurgitation by a minimally invasive approach. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(3): 728-734. |
| 34. | Panos A, Vlad S, Milas F, et al. Is minimally invasive mitral valve repair with artificial chords reproducible and applicable in routine surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(6): 707-711. |
| 35. | Casselman FP, Van Slycke S, Dom H, et al. Endoscopic mitral valve repair: Feasible, reproducible, and durable. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2003, 125(2): 273-282. |
| 36. | Barac YD, Glower DD. Port-access mitral valve surgery—An evolution of technique. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 32(4): 829-837. |
| 37. | De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Del Forno B, et al. Minimally invasive or conventional edge-to-edge repair for severe mitral regurgitation due to bileaflet prolapse in Barlow's disease: Does the surgical approach have an impact on the long-term results? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(1): 131-136. |
| 38. | 簡杰, 盧聰, 郭惠明, 等. 二尖瓣脫垂患者微創胸腔鏡二尖瓣成形術332例. 嶺南心血管病雜志, 2017, 23(3): 298-303. |
| 39. | 顏倩, 周勘, 柯英杰, 等. 全腔鏡微創與傳統正中開胸二尖瓣成形的圍術期結果比較. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2020, 27(12): 1407-1412. |
| 40. | Lange R, Voss B, Kehl V, et al. Right minithoracotomy versus full sternotomy for mitral valve repair: A propensity matched comparison. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 103(2): 573-579. |
| 41. | Badhwar V, Anastacio MM, Wei LM. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: Transitioning from sternotomy to mini-thoracotomy. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 2013: mmt016. |
| 42. | Suri RM, Schaff HV, Meyer SR, et al. Thoracoscopic versus open mitral valve repair: A propensity score analysis of early outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 88(4): 1185-1190. |
| 43. | Antonic M, Gersak B. Renal function after port access and median sternotomy mitral valve surgery. Heart Surg Forum, 2007, 10(5): E401-E407. |
| 44. | Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM, Blackstone EH, et al. Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 116(5): 734-743. |
| 45. | David TE, Ivanov J, Armstrong S, et al. A comparison of outcomes of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease with posterior, anterior, and bileaflet prolapse. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(5): 1242-1249. |
| 46. | Reser D, van Hemelrijck M, Pavicevic J, et al. Repair rate and durability of video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Card Surg, 2014, 29(6): 766-771. |
| 47. | Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 819-826. |
| 48. | Ramlawi B, Gammie JS. Mitral valve surgery: Current minimally invasive and transcatheter options. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 2016, 12(1): 20-26. |
| 49. | Holzhey DM, Seeburger J, Misfeld M, et al. Learning minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: A cumulative sum sequential probability analysis of 3895 operations from a single high-volume center. Circulation, 2013, 128(5): 483-491. |
| 50. | 朱任, 黃煥雷, 柯英杰. 全胸腔鏡心臟手術的學習曲線. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2018, 25(9): 791-794. |
| 51. | Moscarelli M, Fattouch K, Gaudino M, et al. Minimal access versus sternotomy for complex mitral valve repair: A meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 109(3): 737-744. |
| 52. | 張明明. 二尖瓣疾病合并房顫的外科治療及進展. 中國體外循環雜志, 2010, 8(4): 253-256. |
| 53. | Gillinov AM, McCarthy PM. Advances in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin, 2004, 22(1): 147-157. |
| 54. | Driessen AHG, Berger WR, Bierhuizen MFA, et al. Quality of life improves after thoracoscopic surgical ablation of advanced atrial fibrillation: Results of the Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Autonomic Modulation via Thoracoscopic Surgery (AFACT) study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(3): 972-980. |
| 55. | Carnero-Alcázar M, Cobiella-Carnicer J, Mahia-Casado P, et al. Combined off-pump mitral repair and thoracoscopic maze surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2021, 29(3): 217-219. |
| 56. | Wang JG, Xin M, Han J, et al. Ablation in selective patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: Medium-term results of the Dallas lesion set. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(2): 213-220. |
| 57. | Sindby JE, Vadmann H, Lundbye-Christensen S, et al. Percutaneous versus thoracoscopic ablation of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomised controlled trial—The FAST Ⅱ study. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 13(1): 101. |
| 58. | Alperi A, Granada JF, Bernier M, et al. Current status and future prospects of transcatheter mitral valve replacement: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(24): 3058-3078. |
- 1. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: A population-based study. Lancet, 2006, 368(9540): 1005-1011.
- 2. Delling FN, Vasan RS. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of mitral valve prolapse: New insights into disease progression, genetics, and molecular basis. Circulation, 2014, 129(21): 2158-2170.
- 3. Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med, 2005, 352(9): 875-883.
- 4. 賈國華, 侯文進. 二尖瓣成形術的手術臨床運用療效分析. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2020, 12(11): 123-125.
- 5. 劉磊, 姚建民. 二尖瓣成形術治療二尖瓣關閉不全的臨床進展. 醫學綜述, 2015, 21(2): 249-251.
- 6. De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Lorusso R, et al. Very long-term results (up to 17 years) with the double-orifice mitral valve repair combined with ring annuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 144(5): 1019-1024.
- 7. Czesla M, G?tte JM, Doll N. How to establish video assisted, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Heart, 2012, 98(15): 1172-1178.
- 8. Castillo JG, Anyanwu AC, Fuster V, et al. A near 100% repair rate for mitral valve prolapse is achievable in a reference center: Implications for future guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 144(2): 308-312.
- 9. Melnitchouk SI, Seeburger J, Kaeding AF, et al. Barlow's mitral valve disease: Results of conventional and minimally invasive repair approaches. Ann Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 2(6): 768-773.
- 10. Jouan J, Berrebi A, Chauvaud S, et al. Mitral valve reconstruction in Barlow disease: Long-term echographic results and implications for surgical management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2012, 143(4 Suppl): S17-S20.
- 11. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2021, 143(5): e72-e227.
- 12. Muneretto C, Bisleri G, Bagozzi L, et al. Results of minimally invasive, video-assisted mitral valve repair in advanced Barlow's disease with bileaflet prolapse. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(1): 46-50.
- 13. 劉勝中, 譚今, 向波, 等. 全胸腔鏡二尖瓣成形術的臨床應用研究. 微創醫學, 2018, 13(3): 279-283.
- 14. Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, et al. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery improves patient satisfaction while reducing costs of cardiac valve replacement and repair. Ann Surg, 1997, 226(4): 421-426.
- 15. Kaneko Y, Kohno T, Ohtsuka T, et al. Video-assisted observation in mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 111(1): 279-280.
- 16. 尹立明. 達芬奇機器人輔助與常規開胸二尖瓣成形術的臨床對比研究. 青島大學, 2019.
- 17. 劉威, 潘湘斌. 二尖瓣反流介入治療研究現狀及中國二尖瓣反流介入領域展望. 中國循環雜志, 2021, 36(4): 407-411.
- 18. 中國生物醫學工程學會體外循環分會. 2019年中國心外科手術和體外循環數據白皮書. 中國體外循環雜志, 2020, 18(4): 193-196.
- 19. Carpentier A, Loulmet D, Carpentier A, et al. Open heart operation under videosurgery and minithoracotomy. First case (mitral valvuloplasty) operated with success. C R Acad Sci Ⅲ, 1996, 319(3): 219-223.
- 20. Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegeler A, et al. Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 115(3): 567-574.
- 21. 陳亞武, 李華, 石廣永, 等. 全胸腔鏡與正中開胸二尖瓣成形手術治療二尖瓣關閉不全病變的病例對照研究. 中國體外循環雜志, 2019, 17(2): 90-94.
- 22. 王珊, 江鳳英, 許友. 胸腔鏡微創二尖瓣成形術的手術配合體會. 皖南醫學院學報, 2018, 37(1): 97-99.
- 23. Modi P, Rodriguez E, Hargrove WC, et al. Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve surgery: A 12-year, 2-center experience in 1178 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 137(6): 1481-1487.
- 24. 董曉龍. 二尖瓣成形術治療二尖瓣脫垂的效果分析. 河南醫學研究, 2019, 28(7): 1229-1230.
- 25. Casselman FP, Van Slycke S, Wellens F, et al. Mitral valve surgery can now routinely be performed endoscopically. Circulation, 2003, 108 (Suppl 1): 48I-54I.
- 26. Chitwood WR, Nifong LW. Minimally invasive videoscopic mitral valve surgery: The current role of surgical robotics. J Card Surg, 2000, 15(1): 61-75.
- 27. Ram E, Moshkovitz Y, Shinfeld A, et al. Three-dimensional video assistance improves early results in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. ASAIO J, 2021, 67(7): 769-775.
- 28. Schroeyers P, Wellens F, De Geest R, et al. Minimally invasive video-assisted mitral valve repair: Short and mid-term results. J Heart Valve Dis, 2001, 10(5): 579-583.
- 29. Abu-Omar Y, Fazmin IT, Ali JM, et al. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(3): 1960-1970.
- 30. Seeburger J, Borger MA, Doll N, et al. Comparison of outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for posterior, anterior and bileaflet prolapse. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(3): 532-538.
- 31. Seeburger J, Borger MA, Falk V, et al. Minimal invasive mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation: Results of 1339 consecutive patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2008, 34(4): 760-765.
- 32. Grant SW, Hickey GL, Modi P, et al. Propensity-matched analysis of minimally invasive approach versus sternotomy for mitral valve surgery. Heart, 2019, 105(10): 783-789.
- 33. Speziale G, Moscarelli M, Di Bari N, et al. A simplified technique for complex mitral valve regurgitation by a minimally invasive approach. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(3): 728-734.
- 34. Panos A, Vlad S, Milas F, et al. Is minimally invasive mitral valve repair with artificial chords reproducible and applicable in routine surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(6): 707-711.
- 35. Casselman FP, Van Slycke S, Dom H, et al. Endoscopic mitral valve repair: Feasible, reproducible, and durable. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2003, 125(2): 273-282.
- 36. Barac YD, Glower DD. Port-access mitral valve surgery—An evolution of technique. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 32(4): 829-837.
- 37. De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Del Forno B, et al. Minimally invasive or conventional edge-to-edge repair for severe mitral regurgitation due to bileaflet prolapse in Barlow's disease: Does the surgical approach have an impact on the long-term results? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(1): 131-136.
- 38. 簡杰, 盧聰, 郭惠明, 等. 二尖瓣脫垂患者微創胸腔鏡二尖瓣成形術332例. 嶺南心血管病雜志, 2017, 23(3): 298-303.
- 39. 顏倩, 周勘, 柯英杰, 等. 全腔鏡微創與傳統正中開胸二尖瓣成形的圍術期結果比較. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2020, 27(12): 1407-1412.
- 40. Lange R, Voss B, Kehl V, et al. Right minithoracotomy versus full sternotomy for mitral valve repair: A propensity matched comparison. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 103(2): 573-579.
- 41. Badhwar V, Anastacio MM, Wei LM. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: Transitioning from sternotomy to mini-thoracotomy. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 2013: mmt016.
- 42. Suri RM, Schaff HV, Meyer SR, et al. Thoracoscopic versus open mitral valve repair: A propensity score analysis of early outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 88(4): 1185-1190.
- 43. Antonic M, Gersak B. Renal function after port access and median sternotomy mitral valve surgery. Heart Surg Forum, 2007, 10(5): E401-E407.
- 44. Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM, Blackstone EH, et al. Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 116(5): 734-743.
- 45. David TE, Ivanov J, Armstrong S, et al. A comparison of outcomes of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease with posterior, anterior, and bileaflet prolapse. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(5): 1242-1249.
- 46. Reser D, van Hemelrijck M, Pavicevic J, et al. Repair rate and durability of video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Card Surg, 2014, 29(6): 766-771.
- 47. Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 819-826.
- 48. Ramlawi B, Gammie JS. Mitral valve surgery: Current minimally invasive and transcatheter options. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 2016, 12(1): 20-26.
- 49. Holzhey DM, Seeburger J, Misfeld M, et al. Learning minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: A cumulative sum sequential probability analysis of 3895 operations from a single high-volume center. Circulation, 2013, 128(5): 483-491.
- 50. 朱任, 黃煥雷, 柯英杰. 全胸腔鏡心臟手術的學習曲線. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2018, 25(9): 791-794.
- 51. Moscarelli M, Fattouch K, Gaudino M, et al. Minimal access versus sternotomy for complex mitral valve repair: A meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 109(3): 737-744.
- 52. 張明明. 二尖瓣疾病合并房顫的外科治療及進展. 中國體外循環雜志, 2010, 8(4): 253-256.
- 53. Gillinov AM, McCarthy PM. Advances in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin, 2004, 22(1): 147-157.
- 54. Driessen AHG, Berger WR, Bierhuizen MFA, et al. Quality of life improves after thoracoscopic surgical ablation of advanced atrial fibrillation: Results of the Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Autonomic Modulation via Thoracoscopic Surgery (AFACT) study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(3): 972-980.
- 55. Carnero-Alcázar M, Cobiella-Carnicer J, Mahia-Casado P, et al. Combined off-pump mitral repair and thoracoscopic maze surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2021, 29(3): 217-219.
- 56. Wang JG, Xin M, Han J, et al. Ablation in selective patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: Medium-term results of the Dallas lesion set. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(2): 213-220.
- 57. Sindby JE, Vadmann H, Lundbye-Christensen S, et al. Percutaneous versus thoracoscopic ablation of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomised controlled trial—The FAST Ⅱ study. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 13(1): 101.
- 58. Alperi A, Granada JF, Bernier M, et al. Current status and future prospects of transcatheter mitral valve replacement: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(24): 3058-3078.