Objective To conduct a systematic review on the Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in the workers exposed to high temperatures by means of meta-analysis.Methods The retrospective cohort studies on the relationship between high temperature and ECG abnormalities published from 1990 to May 2009 were searched in CNKI, VIP, WanFang database and CBM database. The literatures meeting the inclusive criteria were selected, the quality was assessed, the data were extracted, and the meta-analyses were conducted with RevMan 4.2.2 software. Results A total of 20 studies were included. The results of meta-analyses showed: the ECG abnormality rate of the high-temperature group was obviously superior to that of the control group with significant difference (OR=2.76, 95%CI 2.37 to 3.20, Plt;0.000 01). The high-temperature severely affected left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=3.49, 95%CI 2.83 to 4.31, Plt;0.000 01), sinus bradycardia (OR=2.83, 95%CI 2.33 to 3.43, Plt;0.000 01), and changes in ST-T segment (OR=2.63, 95%CI 1.48 to 4.68, P=0.000 10), which indicated that the abnormal changes of ECG, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and changes in ST-T segment could be the sensitive indexes to monitor cardiovascular disease of workers exposed to high-temperature. Conclusion The incidence of ECG abnormalities caused by high-temperature operation is obviously superior to that of the control group, so it is required to strengthen the health monitoring and labor protection for the workers exposed to high temperature.
Objective To study the preventive measure of the subambient temperature burn by analysing the pathogenesis feature. Methods The cl inical data were analysed from 351 cases of subambient temperature burn between February 2004 and February 2009, including age, sex, burn season, burn factors, burn position, burn area, burn degree, treatment way, and wound heal ing. Results Subambient temperature burn occurred in every age stage. The susceptible age stages included infant, children, and the elderly. Female patients were more than male patients. The common burn reasons werehot-water bottle burn, honey warm keeper burn, and heating device burn. The peak season was winter. Lower l imb was the most common site of the subambient temperature burn. The deep II degree to III degree were the most common level, and the burn area was always small, often 1% of total body surface area. Most of patients were treated with changing dressings at cl inic and few patients needed hospital ization. Though the surface of wound could heal finally, and the wound healed well with no obvious scar in patients who received operation. Conclusion Subambient temperature burn is the frequently encountered disease in winter. Use of the warming articles should be cautious, at the same time safety awareness should be strengthened so as to decrease the incidence rate of subambient temperature burn and the injury degree.
This paper aims to explore the thermal feelings of different cover materials effect on wheelchair cushion comfortableness, and to build a mathematical model for motorized wheelchair cushion comfortableness. By measuring temperature and humidity between the contact face of motorized wheelchair cushion and human body as well as the setting posture adjustment time while cushion cover materials are nylon cloth, leather, fishnets cloth. At the same time, each volunteer took a questionnaire about the comfort of different cushion cover materials. Results showed that fishnets cloth was most comfortable, leather was worst, while nylon cloth was in between the two. The experimental objective data were consistent with the subjective data. We built a back propagation (BP) neural network mathematical model for motorized wheelchair cushion comfortableness. This study will provide objective reference to motorized wheelchair for the designers and users.
Objective To observe the long-term effectiveness of tendon allograft to repair tendon defect. Methods Between October 1996 and September 1999, 24 patients with tendon defect were treated with tendon allograft which was cultured with deoxyguanosine and preserved at low-temperature or ultra-deep-low-temperature. There were 19 males and 5 females, aged from 12 to 46 years with an average of 25.9 years. These patients included 7 cases of total extensor tendon defect of 2nd-5th fingers, 7 cases of index finger extensor tendon defect, 3 cases of deep flexor tendon defect of 2nd- 5th fingers, 1 case of ring finger deep flexor tendon defect, 3 cases of long extensor tendon defect of 2nd-5th toes, 2 cases of long extensor hallucis tendon defect, and 1 case of shoulder adduction missing. The sizes of tendon defect ranged from 5 to 15 cm. The mean time from injury to operation was 1.3 months (range, 2 hours to 3 months). Results Incisions healed by first intention. No deep infection, infectious diseases, and obvious immune rejection occurred. All patients were followed up from 10 to 12 years with an average of 10.8 years. When compared with contralateral sides, at 10 years of follow-up, 1 patient lost 6-10° flexion function; after 10.6 years, flexion tendon releasing was performed; allografted tendon had normal color and elasticity with decreased diameter and with mild and moderate adherence; and after releasing, function was improved. According to Hand Surgery Association assessment standard, the results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 6, and poor in 6; the excellent and good rate was 75%. Conclusion Tendon allograft which is cultured with deoxyguanosine and preserved at low-temperature or ultra-deep-low-temperature is safe to use in cl inical, which has good long-term effectiveness in treating tendon defect.
A multiple-stimuli-responsive drug-conjugated cross-linked micelles was prepared by radical copolymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, and size of the cross-linked micelles were characterized, and the drug loading of the micelle was calculated. The experimental results indicated that the hydrodynamic size of the drug-loaded micelles were about 100 nm, and the as prepared micelles could be degraded and swelled in presence of reducing glutathione (GSH). The low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the micelle was around 39.4℃. According to the experimental results, the micelles will shrink at temperature above the LCST. Subsequently, the accumulative drug release rate was up to 91.78% under acidic (pH 5.0), reductive (GSH 10 mmol/L) and high temperature (42.0℃) conditions mimicking the tumor microenvironment, while a relatively low release rate of 1.12% was observed without stimulation. The drug-conjugated cross-linked micelles showed a strong cell uptake behavior. In the cytotoxicity assay, the micelles exhibited effective anti-cancer activity and excellent biocompatibility. In brief, the experimental results show that the as-prepared drug-conjugated cross-linked micelle exhibits multiple stimuli-responsiveness, which holds great promise for anti-cancer drug delivery.
ObjectiveTo quantify the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) attributable to high temperature, low temperature, and non-optimal temperature from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data. MethodsBased on the GBD 2021 data, we analyzed global, regional, and national COPD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from COPD attributable to high, low, and non-optimal temperatures. Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort modeling, and Bayesian prediction models were employed. ResultsGlobally, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) for COPD attributable to low temperature and non-optimal temperature declined. However, the burden from high temperature increased. Low temperature consistently exerted a greater burden than high temperature across all metrics. Significant geographical disparities emerged: high-temperature mortality was highest in South Asia; low-temperature burden was most severe in East Asia; and high-income North America exhibited accelerated high-temperature mortality growth. The highest low-temperature burden occurred in middle-SDI region, while high-temperature impacts predominated in low-middle-SDI region. Age patterns showed rising high-temperature burden in the 15-39 age group and increasing low-temperature burden among adults ≥80 years old. Bayesian projections revealed divergent gender trajectories: a continuing decline in low-temperature burden for males versus a decelerated decline for females (2020-2030). ConclusionLow temperature exposure remains the primary risk factor for COPD within non-optimal temperatures globally, although high-temperature impacts are increasing. Significant regional variations necessitate targeted interventions for three key populations: older adults vulnerable to cold, working-age adults with occupational heat exposure, and older women requiring rehabilitative support.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effects of preservative temperature on pancreatic function and determine the optimal preservative temperature for pancreatic transplantation. MethodsCold pancreatic preservation was performed and a homologous male Wistar rat model of heterotopic total pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was established. The pancreas was preserved for 6 h in UW solution at specific temperatures(0 ℃, 4 ℃, 8 ℃ and 12 ℃). After preservation, pancreatic tissue was taken for histologic examination in every group. ATP and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Blood glucose(BG), serum amylase and lipase were measured 24 h after transplantation. And the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the pancreatic grafts was also measured at the same time. Besides, histological observation was performed. Results Microscopic studies showed that the histomorphological changes of pancreas in 4 ℃ group were less obvious than those in other groups. Tissual concentrations of ATP and TAN decreased gradually in 4 ℃ group, 0 ℃ group, 8 ℃ group, and 12 ℃ group after 6 h of preservation(PH＜0.05). The levels of BG, serum lipase and MPO increased gradually in 4 ℃ group, 0 ℃ group, 8 ℃ group, and 12 ℃ group(PH＜0.05). The activity of MPO in 4 ℃ group （1.19±0.16 U/g ）was significantly lower than that of the control group（0.26±0.09 U/g，PH＜0.05). Conclusion The temperature of 4 ℃ is most appropriate for hypothermic pancreatic preservation and can considerably alleviate cold ischemic injury of rat pancreas.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy of maternal body temperature preservation during caesarean section. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2015), WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI were searched from inception to July 2015 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of body temperature preservation in patients with caesarean delivery. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Results A total of 15 RCTs involving 1 331 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that patients in the temperature preservation group had a smaller body temperature variation (MD= –0.22, 95%CI –0.32 to –0.13, P < 0.000?01) and a lower incidence of shivering (RR=0.53, 95%CI 0.42 to 0.67, P < 0.000?01) than patients in the control group. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in blood loss (MD= –13.77, 95%CI –33.95 to 6.42, P=0.18) and newborn Apgar score (MD=0.12, 95%CI –0.37 to 0.6, P=0.64). Conclusions Current evidence shows that body temperature preservation measures can better protect patients with caesarean delivery. Specifically, body temperature preservation measures could reduce patients’ body temperature variation and incidence of shivering but had no effect on blood loss and newborn Apgar score. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
In recent years, target temperature management (TTM) has been increasingly applied to cardiac arrest patients, and programs and strategies for TTM are in a constant state of update and refinement. This paper analyzes and proposes relevant strategies from the concept of TTM, its clinical application status for cardiac arrest patients in domestic and international medical institutions, its deficiencies in the clinical practice, and factors affecting the development of TTM, with a view to providing a realistic basis for the development of high-quality TTM in medical institutions.
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of ultrashort wave (USW) for prevention and treatment of vascular crisis after rat tail replantation. Methods Eighty 3-month old female Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 232.8-289.6 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups. In each group, based on the caudal vein and the coccyx was retained, the tail was cut off. The tail artery was ligated in group A; the tail artery was anastomosed in groups B, C, D, and E to establish the tail replantation model. After surgery, the rats of group B were given normal management; the rats of group C were immediately given intraperitoneal injection (3.125 mL/kg) of diluted papaverine hydrochloride injection (1 mg/mL); the rats of groups D and E were immediately given the local USW treatment (once a day) at anastomotic site for 5 days at the dosage of 3 files and 50 mA for 20 minutes (group D) and 2 files and 28 mA for 20 minutes (group E). The survival rate of the rat tails was observed for 10 days after the tail replantation. The tail skin temperature difference between proximal and distal anastomosis was measured at pre- and post-operation; the change between postoperative and preoperative temperature difference was calculated. The blood plasma specimens were collected from the inner canthus before operation and from the tip of the tail at 8 hours after operation to measure the content of nitric oxide (NO). Results The survival rates of the rat tails were 0 (0/14), 36.4% (8/22), 57.1% (8/14), 22.2% (4/18), and 75.0% (9/12) in groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively, showing significant overall differences among 5 groups (χ2=19.935, P=0.001); the survival rate of group E was significantly higher than that of group B at 7 days (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between the other groups by pairwise comparison (P gt; 0.05). At preoperation, there was no significant difference in tail skin temperature difference among 5 groups (P gt; 0.05); at 8 hours, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days after operation, significant overall difference was found in the change of the skin temperature difference among groups (P lt; 0.05); pairwise comparison showed significant differences after operation (P lt; 0.05): group B gt; group D at 8 hours, group C gt; group D at 5 days, groups A, B, and C gt; group D at 6 days, groups B and C gt; groups A and E, and group B gt; group D at 7 days; but no significant difference was found between the other groups at the other time points (P gt; 0.05). Preoperative plasma NO content between each group had no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). The overall differences had significance in the NO content at postopoerative 8 hours and in the change of the NO content at pre- and post-operation among groups (P lt; 0.05). Significant differences were found by pairwise comparison (P lt; 0.05): group D gt; groups A, B, and C in the plasma NO content, group D gt; groups A and B in the change of the NO content at pre- and post-operation; but no significant difference was found between the other groups by pairwise comparison (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Rat tail replantation model in this experiment is feasible. USW therapy can increase the survival rate of replanted rat tails, reduce skin temperature at 7 days, improve blood supply, increase the content of nitric oxide at the early period and prevent vascular crisis.