ObjectiveTo explore the significance of continuous surveillance of anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in one year.MethodsThirty-six patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 93 patients with stable COPD were selected from Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from October 2019 to February 2020, thirty healthy people in the same period were selected as normal control group. In the stable phase group, >386.17 pg/mL was included in the higher group, and <386.17 pg/mL was included in the lower group according to the AECA median (386.17 pg/mL). According to the grouping criteria, the patient with the AECA median was omitted, the sample size of AECA higher group and lower group accounted for 46 cases, respectively. AECA test, lung function examination, the number of acute exacerbations in the past 1 year and MMRC score were performed for each group; At the same time, all the above contents were followed up dynamically.Results1. Comparison of AECA levels among the three groups: the acute exacerbation COPD group was higher than the stable phase group and the normal control group, and the stable phase group was higher than the normal control group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). 2. Overall comparison of related indicators before and after follow-up in COPD stable period group: AECA level was higher than baseline after follow-up, and the follow-up after 12 months was higher than that after 6 months; After 12 months, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1%pred were all lower than baseline, and the first two indexes were lower than those after 6 months follow-up. The number of acute exacerbations and mMRC score after 12 months were higher than that after 6 months follow-up, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). 3. Comparison of related indicators after follow-up between the higher and lower AECA groups: Follow-up after 12 months showed that AECA, the number of acute exacerbations and mMRC score in the higher AECA group were all higher than those in the lower AECA group at the same period, and the number of acute exacerbations and MMRC score in the higher AECA group were higher than those in the lower AECA group at 6-month follow-up. The FEV1, FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC of the higher AECA group followed up after 12 months were lower than those of the lower AECA group at the same period, and the FEV1 and FEV1%pred of the higher AECA group followed up after 6 months were lower than those of the lower AECA group at the same period, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).ConclusionAbnormality of AECA expression in COPD may be associated with continued decline in lung function, number of acute exacerbations in the previous 1 year, and increased mMRC score, and therefore may be associated with continued progression.
Cancer is a disease that incidence rate, disability rate and mortality rate are high all over the world. It brings great physical and mental pain to patients. Cancer patients are in a life-threatening state of disease for a long time, which will produce fear of progression (FoP). FoP is a psychological state in which fear of disease may recur or progress. As early as the 1980s, foreign countries began the psychological research on the FoP of cancer patients. They found that this fear really exists in cancer patients and is affected by many factors. This paper reviews the concept of FoP and the related factors affecting FoP in cancer patients. The purpose is to provide reference for clinical early evaluation and reducing the FoP of cancer patients and formulating corresponding nursing measures.
There are so many biomechanical risk factors related with glaucoma and their relationship is much complex. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art research works on glaucoma related mechanical effects. With regards to the development perspectives of studies on glaucoma biomechanics, a completely novel biomechanical evaluation factor -- Fractional Flow Reserve (FPR) for glaucoma was proposed, and developing clinical application oriented glaucoma risk assessment algorithm and application system by using the new techniques such as artificial intelligence and machine learning were suggested.
Objective To investigate the current status of fear of disease progression and sleep quality among laryngeal cancer patients, and analyze the correlation between them. Methods Laryngeal cancer patients who were hospitalized in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March 2021 and February 2022 were selected for this cross-sectional survey. Sociodemographic and disease-related data questionnaires, Chinese version of Fear of Progression Questionaire Short Form, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Scale were used to investigate the laryngeal cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria, and the correlation between fear of disease progression and PSQI score in laryngeal cancer patients was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics on the total score of fear of disease progression in laryngeal cancer patients, and the effects of sociodemographic, disease-related characteristics and total score of fear of disease progression on the total score of PSQI of laryngeal cancer patients. Scores were expressed as median (lower quartile, upper quartile). Results A total of 312 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 309 valid copies were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.0%. The total score of fear of disease progression in the laryngeal cancer patients was 22.00 (16.00, 30.00), including 12.00 (8.00, 17.00) in physiological health dimension, and 10.00 (7.00, 14.00) in social and family dimension. The total score of PSQI was 5.00 (3.00, 8.50). The correlations of the physiological health dimension score, the social and family dimension score, and the total score of fear of disease progression with the total score of PSQI in laryngeal cancer patients were positive with statistical significance (rs=0.294, P<0.001; rs=0.234, P<0.001; rs=0.287, P<0.001). Multiple linear stepwise regression analyses showed that the total score of fear of disease progression in laryngeal cancer patients was affected by the stage of disease, occupation, primary caregiver and treatment plan (P<0.05), and the total score of PSQI of laryngeal cancer patients was affected by level of education, treatment plan and the total score of fear of disease progression (P<0.05). Conclusions The fear of disease progression in laryngeal cancer patients has a significant negative correlation with the sleep quality. Meanwhile, alleviating the level of fear of disease progression may improve sleep quality.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of tumor associated neutrophil (TAN) releasing a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in microenvironment.Methods① The expressions of APRIL in neutrophils (differentiated by HL-60 cell) and TAN cells were detected by use ELISA. ② The expressions of APRIL receptors B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and trans-membrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 were confirmed by use Western blotting. ③ Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with TAN, and divided into a PANC-1 control group (referred to as the control group), a PANC-1+TAN treatment group (referred to as the PANC-1+TAN group), PANC-1+TAN+APRIL antibody treatment group (referred to as PANC-1+TAN+APRIL group), and PANC-1+rtificial recombinant APRIL protein (rAPRIL) treatment group (referred to as PANC-1+rAPRIL group). The CCK8 method was used to determine TAN release of APRIL on PANC-1 effect of cell proliferation activity.Results① The APRIL content in the culture medium of TAN cell group was higher than that of neutrophil group [(556.20±84.38) pg/mL vs. (377.17±57.07) pg/mL, P=0.038]. ② PANC-1 cells express the receptors BCMA and TACI of APRIL. ③ PANC-1 cell activity of PANC-1+TAN group and PANC-1+rAPRIL group [(126.80±1.42)%, (168.95±12.54)%] were significantly higher than the control group [(100 ± 0.00)%, P<0.05, P<0.001], the activity of PANC-1 cells in the PANC-1+TAN group was significantly higher than that in the PANC-1+TAN+APRIL group [(86.29 ± 12.20)%, P=0.003] and significantly lower than that of PANC-1+rAPRIL group (P=0.002), the activity of PANC-1 cells in PANC-1+rAPRIL group was significantly higher than that in PANC-1+TAN+APRIL antibody group (P<0.001).ConclusionIn the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the release of APRIL from TAN increases, which promotes the proliferative activity of PANC-1 in pancreatic cancer cells, which provides a new idea for the mechanism research and treatment of pancreatic cancer progression.
Objective To summarize the relation between various kinds of immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Method Literatures on the relation between immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and prognosis of HCC in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results The immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of HCC was inextricably linked with the progression of HCC. CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, M1 macrophages, B cells, and memory T cells might be associated with a good prognosis in patients with HCC, while regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and M2 macrophages might be related to the poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusion The study of immune cell infiltration in HCC can provide new ideas for precise immunotherapy of HCC.
Objective To summarize the research progress of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer, and to provide reference for further research. MethodThe experimental and clinical studies of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer were reviewed.Results Alternative splicing dysregulation resulted in changed gene expression or novel isoform formation, thereby influencing the carcinogenesis, progression or chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. The differentially expressed alternative splicing isoforms may serve as diagnostic markers, indicators of aggressiveness or prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of alternative splicing in carcinogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer is a new way to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the mechanism of CD147 in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, treatment, and drug resistance so as to provide reference for clinical decision-making.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies of CD147 in breast cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsCD147 was widely distributed in vivo and highly expressed in malignant tumor tissues. CD147 promoted matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor productions and tumor microenvironment generation by extracellular matrix in breast cancer through different mechanisms. It degraded extracellular matrix and stimulated neovascularization to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Related studies had shown that CD147 was highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues and which was associated with tumor grade and prognosis in patients with breast cancer, and it was a biological marker for diagnosis of breast cancer. However, a large of drugs targeted for CD147 and its involved pathways didn’t well benefit patient with breast cancer due to the failure of clinical trials and chemotherapy resistance.ConclusionsCD147 plays a key role in development, invasion and metastasis, diagnosis and treatment, and drug resistance of breast cancer, as well as guiding the treatment and prognosis of patients. However, benefits are poor, and relevant molecular mechanisms of action are limited.
Advanced driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer is generally considered incurable, and treatment aims to prolong patient survival. Recently, however, a new definition “oligometastasis” has been proposed, which refers to the appearance of no more than 5 metastatic lesions in up to 3 different organs. The emergence of this concept has changed the traditional treatment model. Many studies have shown that standard systemic therapy combined with local therapy (radiotherapy, surgery, thermal ablation, etc.) can effectively prolong the survival time of these patients. This article reviews the clinical studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and beneficiary population of local radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy in driver gene-negative oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and provides further reference for clinical decision-making.
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of ERBB2 Exon20ins (Exon20ins) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from ERBB2-mutant stage IV NSCLC patients who received first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2020 and 2024. ERBB2 wild-type patients were matched using propensity score matching. Clinical pathological characteristics, distant metastatic sites, and treatment outcomes were compared among patients with different mutation statuses. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves. Cox regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding factors. Results This study included 41 ERBB2-mutant stage IV NSCLC patients, of whom 22 had Exon20ins mutations, and 19 had other ERBB2 mutations. Forty-one ERBB2 wild-type patients were matched for comparison. The mean age of all patients was 60.0±9.3 years, with 61 males (74.4%). A total of 67 patients (81.7%) received chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, and 15 patients (18.3%) received chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy. The Exon20ins group showed a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis compared with the ERBB2 other mutation group and the wild-type group (36.4% vs. 15.8% vs. 9.8%, P=0.045). The median PFS in the Exon20ins group was significantly shorter than in the other mutation group (5.8 months vs. 10.3 months, P=0.025) and the wild-type group (5.8 months vs. 8.3 months, P=0.023). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the ERBB2 Exon20ins mutation was an adverse prognostic factor (Exon20ins vs. other ERBB2 mutations, HR=2.9, 95%CI 1.18 - 7.1, P=0.014; Exon20ins vs. wild-type, HR=2.6, 95%CI 1.25 - 5.6, P=0.014). The combination with anti-angiogenesis therapy did not significantly affect the prognosis of PFS (HR=0.66, 95%CI 0.28 - 1.6, P=0.363). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the ERBB2 Exon20ins mutation was an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS (Exon20ins vs. other ERBB2 mutations, HR=3.3, 95%CI 1.27 - 8.3, P=0.015; Exon20ins vs. wild-type, HR=2.7, 95%CI 1.2 - 5.88, P=0.014). For the 67 patients receiving chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, Cox regression analysis showed that the ERBB2 Exon20ins mutation was still associated with poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC (Exon20ins vs. other ERBB2 mutations, HR=3.2, 95%CI 1.12 - 9.1, P=0.030; Exon20ins vs. wild-type, HR=2.5, 95%CI 1 - 5.88, P=0.040). Conclusions Advanced NSCLC patients with ERBB2 Exon20ins mutation have a worse prognosis compared with those with other ERBB2 mutation subtypes or ERBB2 wild-type when treated with first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. This suggests that ERBB2 Exon20ins mutation, as a particularly refractory mutation, requires the exploration of new combination strategies based on molecular subtyping to improve survival outcomes.