The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is physically connected to mitochondria through the specific sub-domain,called mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs). These contacts are involved in calcium signaling,lipid transferring,mitochondrial fission and fusion and energy metabolism. Recently,MAMs alterations have been identified to associate with some diseases,including neurodegenerative diseases,obesity,cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore,in this paper,we introduce the structure,function and detection methods of MAMs. Besides,we also summarize the potential role of MAMs in these diseases. In any case,the signaling at the MAMs might be a promising pharmacological target for several diseases.