Vitamin D, a pleiotropic steroid hormone, has attracted growing research interest in non-skeletal diseases in recent years. The consensus statement on the role of vitamin D in metabolic health, developed at the 8th International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D, systematically summarizes the mechanisms and clinical evidence of vitamin D in sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, abnormal glucose metabolism, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The statement emphasizes that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels are closely associated with various metabolic abnormalities. However, the benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain controversial, particularly in the general population, where its efficacy is still unclear. Based on the full text of the consensus statement, this article provides a systematic interpretation of its development methods, key points, evidence base, and clinical implications. It also discusses the current clinical practice of related disciplines, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians in the rational use of vitamin D.