高頻通氣(HFV)是一種高通氣頻率和低潮氣量的通氣方式，其通氣頻率至少為機體正常呼吸頻率的4倍，而潮氣量近于或小于解剖死腔。其主要類型包括：高頻正壓通氣、高頻噴射通氣和高頻振蕩通氣等。其中，高頻振蕩通氣(HFOV)是目前公認的最先進高頻通氣技術，在臨床中應用最廣泛。
The high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is characterized with low tidal volume and low mean airway pressure, and can well support the breathing of the patients with respiratory diseases. Since the HFOV was proposed, it has been widely concerned by medical and scientific researchers. About the HFOV, this paper discussed its current research status and prospected its future development in technologies. The research status of ventilation model, mechanisms and ventilation mode were introduced in detail. In the next years, the technologies in developing HFOV will be focused on: to develop the branched high-order nonlinear or volume-depended resistance-inertance-compliance (RIC) ventilation model, to fully understand the mechanisms of HFOV and to achieve the noninvasive HFOV. The development in technologies of HFOV will be beneficial to the patients with respiratory diseases who failed with conventional mechanical ventilation as one of considerable ventilation methods.