Objective To review research progress of bifunctional biomaterials in the treatment of bone tumors and bone defects in recent years, aiming to provide assistance for the further research of bifunctional biomaterials. Methods A wide range of domestic and international literature on the preparation and properties of novel bifunctional biomaterials in recent years was reviewed, followed by summary and analysis. Carrier-functionalized materials, intrinsically active materials, and immune-engineered materials were summarized respectively, and discussions were conducted from aspects such as anti-tumor effects and controlled drug release. Results Studies have revealed that, unlike traditional biomaterials, the novel bifunctional biomaterials can effectively inhibit the in-situ recurrence of bone tumors through precise drug delivery, external field-responsive tumor killing and immunomodulatory anti-tumor effects. Meanwhile, relying on osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and tissue engineering technologies, they promote new bone formation and bone functional reconstruction in bone defect areas. ConclusionNovel multifunctional biomaterials can inhibit bone tumor cells and promote new bone formation at the site of bone defects.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress on the major microenvironmental abnormalities in diabetic bone defect repair and functional biomaterial-based intervention strategies. Methods Relevant literature on diabetic bone defect repair and functional biomaterial-based interventions was reviewed and synthesized, with emphasis on the core pathological features of the diabetic bone defect repair microenvironment, principal regulatory strategies, representative material platforms, and the current status of clinical translation. Results Persistent hyperglycemia promotes the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with osteoimmune dysregulation, unresolved chronic inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction. These abnormalities collectively impair cell recruitment, vascular regeneration, and new bone formation. Functional biomaterials are designed to modulate macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses, restore angiogenic-osteogenic coupling, and enable on-demand therapeutic release in response to pathological cues such as glucose and ROS, thereby improving the local regenerative microenvironment. Hydrogels, bioactive inorganic or composite materials, and multifunctional delivery systems constitute the principal material platforms. However, their broader application remains limited by inadequate mechanical suitability, insufficient manufacturing reproducibility, and a lack of robust clinical evidence. ConclusionSustained dysregulation of the local microenvironment is a central determinant of impaired diabetic bone defect repair. Future biomaterial design should prioritize the precise recognition and active remodeling of the diabetes-specific pathological microenvironment to enhance bone regeneration and osseointegration.