The quality of disinfectant, disinfection devices and disposable medical devices is closely related to the patients' safety. Hospital infection management department must carry out the audit responsibilities for qualification documents of disinfectant, disinfection devices and disposable medical devices, to guarantee legality, safety and effectiveness of products used in hospital. This paper mainly introduces the implementation of qualification documents audit in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, including system construction, process reengineering, documents audit scope and key points, and document management.
In this study, silicone hand was disinfected by homemade touchable non-thermal plasma to simulate and evaluate its feasibility of application on human hand. Experimental results showed that there was no significant difference whenEscherichia coli (E. coli),Staphylococcus aureus (S. au),Staphylococcus albus (S. al), andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. ae) were loaded on the silicone hand surface and treated with plasma. The efficiency of plasma disinfection was higher when the treatment time was prolonged or initial bacterial density was lower. When initial bacterial number was 1.0×106–1.0×107 CFU, the plasma disinfection process mainly occured in the first 5 s and more than 99% of bacteria could be disinfected. This study can provide guidelines for the development of a new plasma device for human hand disinfection.
ObjectiveTo investigate on preoperative hand-washing for analyzing the underlying problems, in purpose of preventing operation-related infection via strengthening the standardization of surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection. MethodsFrom July to September 2014, surveillance video of pre-operative hand-washing was studied and analyzed. We randomly selected 100 subjects, and assessment was performed based on the self-made surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection protocol. Grading was done strictly. The passing score was 60 or higher; a score of 70-79 meant good; and a score of 80-100 indicated excellence. ResultsIn the survey, 91 in the 100 subjects were qualified. Among the qualified subjects, there were 53% of excellence and 20% of good. The major problems included erroneous methods, step omissions, time lacking, pollution, wrong flushing method or dry-hand method, and insufficient washing time. ConclusionBased on the survey, the administration department is advised to strengthen the regulatory supervision and education training based on standard surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection criteria, especially training interns and new staff, in purpose of reducing the incidence of operation-related infection and improving hospitalization management qualities.
This article reviews the current status and characteristics of disinfection technologies in the modern era, including physical, chemical, and integrated disinfection methods. It focuses on the latest research advances, advantages, and limitations of novel disinfection technologies, such as plasma-activated systems, photocatalytic oxidation, and synergistic chemical-physical or bio-chemical composite techniques. The study reveals that single disinfection methods often fail to meet the demands of complex environments, while integrated technologies demonstrate significant advantages in improving disinfection efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, challenges remain in terms of cost, standardization, and long-term safety. Future development of disinfection technologies should prioritize intelligent multi-technology integration, green and sustainable practices, targeted disinfection, personalized applications, and international standardization.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the safety of hand disinfectants. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, INAHTA, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the safety of hand disinfectants from inception to February 1st, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, a systematic review was conducted. ResultsA total of 50 studies were included. The reported adverse events were eye and nasal mucosal irritation, hand adverse events with skin itching, rash, erythema, edema and so on. A total of 29 brands such as 3M Avagard and 26 ingredients such as ethanol were reported to be related to the above adverse events. Hand disinfectants containing glycerin, silicone oil, vitamin B, plant extracts and other emollients could reduce the incidence of adverse events. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that hand disinfectants containing emollients and free from ethanol, chlorhexidine and other ingredients are related to fewer adverse events. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo explore a better hygienic hand disinfection method to improve hand hygiene compliance, by evaluating and comparing the disinfection effects and the economic and time cost expenditures of three different types of hygienic hand disinfection methods.MethodsFrom March to July 2016, patients undergoing blood collection were randomly divided into three groups, and five blood collection nurses used one different type of hygienic hand disinfection method in each group when performing blood collection operation on the patients, including: direct hygienic hand disinfection (group A); wearing gloves, and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves (group B); and changing gloves for each patient, and doing hygienic hand disinfection after putting off gloves (group C). Two hundred and ten specimens of the nurses’ hands or gloves surface after hand hygiene were collected from each group for the comparison of hygienic hand disinfection effect, and the differences in economic cost and time cost were compared.ResultsThe passing rates of the disinfection effect of the three different types of sanitary hand disinfection methods were all 100%. The economic cost of group A, B, and C was 9.66, 21.98, and 185.66 yuan, respectively, and the time cost of group A, B, and C was 5 250, 6 860, and 14 700 seconds, respectively. No sharp injury occurred.ConclusionSince direct hygienic hand disinfection does not implement the standard prevention principle, the method of wearing gloves and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves is the best in the three different hygienic hand disinfection methods, which not only has the same disinfection effect, but also can save economic cost and time cost, which may improve the medical personnel’s hand hygiene compliance.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence of the experience with medical sewage treatment procedures in medical institutions in China. MethodsDatabases including CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were electronically searched to collect studies on the medical sewage treatment process, flow, and specifications in medical institutions in China. We used the quality evaluation system to classify and grade the experiences based on the principles and methods of evidence-based science and performed a descriptive analysis. ResultsAfter the SARS pandemic in 2003, China systematically established and standardized the technical criteria of medical sewage treatment and discharge. Moreover, a prevention system for the epidemic using medical sewage was constructed, which guaranteed that the quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge would meet the criteria and protect the citizens, and the technical specifications of medical sewage treatment would progress and increase strictly. At present, medical sewage treatment in medical institutions in China was based on mechanical and biological methods, and disinfection was mainly performed using chlorine and its compounds, ozone, and ultraviolet light. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic requires a higher quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge criteria for medical institutions in China. To meet these criteria, all medical institutions in China should check, replace, and update their old facilities; strengthen personnel training and effectively ensure the quality of medical sewage treatment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the problems in the use of quick-drying hand disinfectants and formulate intervention measures to improve the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff.MethodsFrom February 2014 to June 2016, the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff was continuously observed according to the hand hygiene observation table recommended by the World Health Organization. The questionnaire on the use of quick-drying hand disinfectants, which passed the reliability and validity test, was used to find out the reasons leading to the low compliance rate of hand hygiene among nurses, and pertinent interventions were formulated. From November 2016 to December 2017, intervention measures were gradually implemented throughout the hospital, and the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff was continuously observed again. Then we compared the compliance rate of hand hygiene and the compliance rate of hygienic hand disinfection among nurses in the second quarter of 2016 (before intervention) with those in the last quarter of 2017 (after intervention).ResultsThe compliance rates of hand hygiene and hygienic hand disinfection among nurses before intervention were 62.15% and 49.77%, respectively, and those after intervention were 91.64% and 90.80%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe factors affecting the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff are identified through questionnaires and targeted intervention measures have effectively improved the hand hygiene compliance rate of nursing staff.
Objective To provide the evidence for anti-epidemic command and developing response plan through investigation on prophlactical disinfection in Deyang, the worst-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods We used convenient sampling together with the report forms and the self-made questionnaire to collect information from 107 villages and 17 settlement spots for the disaster victims in 25 towns in Deyang disaster area. Results There were a total of 6 kinds of disinfectant, including the chlorine disinfectant, 2 kinds of peroxide disinfectant and 2 other types of disinfectant, which were delivered the Deyang disaster area through the National amp; Province CDC system allocation or the None-Goverment Organization donation. From May 17 to June 9, the large-scale preventive disinfection was carried out in the disaster area, covering tap water, the restroom and the latrine pit, trash, environment and sewage. All personnel who conducted the disinfection for prevention and public health in the villages and towns received the technical training for disinfection. Conclusion Various disinfectant types and difference specifications cause trouble in the training of manpower and the use of disinfectant. Preventive disinfection in the most serious disaster areas is better than in serious disaster areas. The main channel of obtaining the disinfectant is through the National amp; Province CDC. The daily-report system of the disinfected areas may monitor the progress of disinfectant use. The suitable disinfection may prevent the public health secondary disaster and protect the environment effectively.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has had a serious impact in the world. In the absence of vaccines and therapeutic drugs, disinfection has become an important technical means to block the spread of the virus. By analyzing the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we studied a series of disinfection technologies for COVID-19. During the outbreak of COVID-19, Jinan Second Center for Disease Control and Prevention disinfected the houses of the cases to be investigated in a community. The effectiveness of the disinfection technology was verified through the process of disinfection preparation, sampling before disinfection, field disinfection, sampling after disinfection and evaluation of disinfection effect. Compared the data before and after disinfection, the killing rate of the total bacterial colonies in the air and on the surface of the object was more than or equal to 90%, and no SARS-CoV-2 was detected after disinfection. The results show that the disinfection effect of the disinfection technology meets the standard. Finally, through the analysis of the wrong way of disinfection and the harm of over disinfection, the importance of scientific disinfection and precise disinfection are emphasized, and the research has a good guiding value for prevention and control of the epidemic.