In order to observe activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the serum, pancreatic histopathological damage, as well as their relationships in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), thirty five SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to their sampling time with 5 in each group. ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate through biliopancreatic duct in 6 experimental groups (Group B1～B6).Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were obtained at hour 0,0.5,2,4,6 or 8 respectively when the animals were sacrificed.Results showed that serum level of TNF activity rose significantly in Group B2,and reached the maximal value in Group B4.The pancreatic histopathological damage in ANP rats was getting worse along with time. Serum TNF activity had close relation to pancreatic histopathological score (r=0.63, Ｐ＜0.01),suggesting that serum TNF may play an important role in the process of deterioration of pancreatic tissue damage during ANP.
ObjectiveTo explore the method of preventing heat steam induced skin damage in robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (R-NSM-IBR) using Da Vinci Robots. Methods A clinical data of 128 female patients with breast cancer, who were treated with R-NSM-IBR between September 2022 and December 2023 and met the selection criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. During robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy, the breasts were covered with gauze cooled by ice water to reduce skin temperature in 99 cases (group A) and were not treated in 29 cases (group B). There was no significant difference in the age, affected side, body mass index, pathological type of breast cancer, and constituent ratios of adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy between the two groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative breast skin temperature, unilateral robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy time, and the incidence of complications of breast heat steam induced skin damage were recorded. Results The time for unilateral robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy was (77.18±9.23) minutes in group A and (76.38±12.88) minutes in group B, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The intraoperative breast skin temperature was significantly lower in group A than in group B [(25.61±0.91)℃ vs (33.38±1.14)℃; P<0.05]. Seven cases of heat steam skin damage occurred during operation, including 2 cases (2.0%) in group A and 5 cases (17.2%) in group B, with a significant difference in incidence between the two groups (P<0.05). Among them, 1 patient in group B had a vesication rupture and infection, which eventually led to the removal of the implant; the rest of the patients were treated with postoperative interventions for skin recovery. Conclusion The use of breast covered with gauze cooled by ice water during R-NSM-IBR can effectively reduce the risk of heat steam induced skin damage.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness and preliminary mechanisms of icariin (ICA) in enhancing the reparative effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on skin radiation damagies in rats. Methods Twelve SPF-grade Sprague Dawley rats [body weight (220±10) g] were subjected to a single dose of 10 Gy X-ray irradiation on a 1.5 cm×1.5 cm area of their dorsal skin, with a dose rate of 200 cGy/min to make skin radiation damage model. After successful modelling, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=3), and on day 2, the corresponding cells were injected subcutaneously into the irradiated wounds: group A received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL), group B received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL)+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL), group C received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL) pretreated with a hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL), and group D received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL) pretreated with a Notch1 inhibitor+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL). All treatments were administered as single doses. The skin injury in the irradiated areas of the rats was observed continuously from day 1 to day 7 after modelling. On day 28, the rats were sacrificed, and skin tissues from the irradiated areas were harvested for histological examination (HE staining and Masson staining) to assess the repair status and for quantitative collagen content detection. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect CD31 expression, while Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the protein and mRNA relative expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), HIF-2α, and Notch1, 2, and 3. ResultsAll groups exhibited skin ulcers and redness after irradiation. On day 3, exudation of tissue fluid was observed in all groups. On day 7, group B showed significantly smaller skin injury areas compared to the other 3 groups. On day 28, histological examination revealed that the epidermis was thickened and the dermal fibers were slightly disordered with occasional inflammatory cell aggregation in group A. In group B, the epidermis appeared more normal, the dermal fibers were more orderly, and there was an increase in new blood vessels without significant inflammatory cell aggregation. In contrast, groups C and D showed significantly increased epidermal thickness, disordered and disrupted dermal fibers. Group B had higher collagen fiber content than the other 3 groups, and group D had lower content than group A, with significant differences (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that group B had significantly higher CD31 expression than the other 3 groups, while groups C and D had lower expression than group A, with significant differences (P<0.05). Western blot and qRT-PCR results indicated that group B had significantly higher relative expression levels of VEGF, PDGF-BB, FGF-2, IL-10, TGF-β, HIF-2α, and Notch1, 2, and 3 proteins and mRNAs compared to the other 3 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion ICA may enhance the reparative effects of ADSCs on rat skin radiation damage by promoting angiogenesis and reducing inflammatory responses through the HIF-2α-VEGF-Notch signaling pathway.
The damage effects of the pure tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the normal animals were observed. Eighteeen rabbits were divided into two groups, eight in tested group and ten in control group. 0.5mg per kg of the pure rabbit TNF was given to each animal of the tested group. Results:The symptoms similar to that induced by endotoxin appeared after the TNF injection. The functions of the main organs were markedly damaged. The arterial blood pressure of most animal was low. The weight ratio of the orgen to the body was raised. The pathologic changes were similar to those of the multiple organ failure (MOF) model. Most of the animal died before the end of the experiment. The results suggest that pure TNF could indece multiple organ damages similar to those of MOF.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) on liver damage in acute pancreatitis. MethodsSeventytwo wistar rats were randomly divided into acute pancreatitis (AP) group, acute pancreatitis with PMN depleted (APD) group and sham operation (SO) group. Liver damage was assessed by histological changes and the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The number of PMN infiltration in liver was reflected by myeloperoxidase (MPO). ResultsMPO significantly increased from 6 to 24 hours in AP and APD groups. However, the level of MPO was significantly higher in AP group than that in APD group. ALT significantly increased from 3 to 24 hours in these two groups, but the level of ALT was significantly lower in APD group than that in AP group. Meanwhile, the hepatic pathological changes were more severe in AP group than that in APD group. ConclusionPMN play an important role in liver damage during acute pancreatitis.
Local hypothermia as a preventive method to reperfusion injury of skeletal muscles was studied. Sixteen Japanese rabbits were divided into four groups at random. Before the tourniquet was inflated, a cold gel pack was applied to the right hind leg of each rabbit for 15 minutes to produce local hypothermic condition, without application of tourniquet the left hind limb was under local hypothermic condition as a control. The duration of tourniquet ischemia was 4 hours, and then reperfusion for one and two hours in the A and B groups respectively; in the C and D groups the duration of ischemia was 5 hours, and reperfusion for one and two hours, respectively. The muscle temperature averaged 16.6 degrees C with a needle thermocouple in the hind limb under local hypothermia. The serum K+, LA, SOD, LPO were determined from bilateral femoral veins, and electron and light microscopic studies of sural muscles were done in the post-reperfusion period. It was found that the K+, LA, LPO were lower than that of the control groups (P lt; 0.01), but SOD was higher than that of the control group (P lt; 0.01). Electron and light microscopic studies showed sight but reversible damage of muscular structure with the possibility of in the hypothermic groups cell regeneration. Basing on this experimental results, this method was applied in 45 cases reparative and reconstructive surgery of limbs. The duration of application of tourniquet averaged 2 hours and 57 minutes, the longest being 4 hours and 31 minutes, when the muscle temperature had reduced to 22.4 degrees C. There were no postoperative complications associated with this technique. Local hypothermia appeared to be a safe and effective method of decreasing the reperfusion damage after ischemia.
ObjectiveTo discuss the risk of abortion related to lamotrigine (LTG) and its safety profile during pregnancy. MethodsRetrospectively studied pregnant women in our epilepsy clinics who took LTG from 2011 to 2015 as monotherapy and experienced embryo damage or abortion. Here, we present an extensive review of related literatures regarding possible mechanisms, clinical features and safty of LTG during pregnancy. ResultsIn our study, fourty-five pregnancies were administered monotherapy LTG, and three of these patients suffered embryo damage. ConclusionsAlthough LTG is considered safe for pregnant women and the embryo or fetus,it also has risk of embryo damage or abortion, which should be carefully considered before prescription. Using monotherapy and the lowest effective drug dose, monitoring LTG serum concentrations during pregnancy, supplementing folate administration before and after conception and conducting regular prenatal diagnostic tests might reduce the risk of abortion.
Objective To determine the efficacy of D980-nm laser in dissolving fat and renewing skin, and to explore the clinical application of D980-nm laser in reconstruction of photodamaged skin. Methods Eighteen 12-14 month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 400-450 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6). The rat skin at the left side was exposed to D980-nm laser irradiation at a density of 20 J/cm2, a power of 8 W, a pulse width of 20 ms, and a pulse frequency of 40 Hz for 1 time (group A), 2 times of 5-minute interval (group B), and 3 times of 5-minute interval (group C) as a treatment course, for 4 treatment courses with an interval of 1 week; the other side of the skin was not treated as the control groups (groups A1, B1, and C1, respectively). After 8 weeks, the skin was harvested for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining to observe the structure changes of skin, to measure the dermal thickness, to count the number of fibroblasts, and detect the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results Compared with groups A1, B1, and C1, the skin structure was significantly improved in groups A, B, and C. After D980-nm laser irradiation, the number of fat cells decreased; local angiogenesis was observed; the total number of fibroblasts and fibers increased; the collagen fiber had large diameter, and arranged closely and regularly; the dermal thickness and the number of the fibroblasts increased; and the expressions of TGF-β1 and bFGF were significantly enhanced, showing significant differences (P<0.05). With increased D980-nm laser irradiation times, the above indexes increased, showing significant differences between group C and groups A, B (P<0.05). Conclusion D980-nm laser treatment has lipolytic and tender effect on the skin, and the frequency of the treatment is an important factor in skin renewal.
ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) levels in the diagnosis of liver damage caused by hyperthyroidism. MethodA total of 106 patients confirmed to have hyperthyroid liver damage between February 2012 and February 2014 were selected to form the hyperthyroidism liver injury group (group A). Ninety-five hyperthyroidism patients without liver damage were regarded as the hyperthyroidism without liver injury group (group B). In the same period, 72 healthy subjects were designated to form the control group (group C). Automatic chemiluminescence detector was used to determine free triiodothyronine, free thyroid hormone and CA199, and automatic biochemical analyzer was adopted to measure the levels of γ-GT and ALT. Then we performed the statistical analysis. ResultsThe levels of serum CA199, γ-GT and ALT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CA199 and γ-GT levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CA199, γ-GT, ALT was respectively 0.840, 0.895, and 0.818, the maximum Youden indexes were 0.593, 0.703, and 0.578, with the corresponding critical values 37.25 U/mL, 60.81 U/L, and 43.14 U/L, respectively. The parallel dectection of the three indexes improved Youden index to 0.763. ConclusionsCA199, γ-GT and ALT as diagnosis indexes of hyperthyroidism liver damage have good diagnostic value, and combined detection of the three indexes is more favorable for early diagnosis and prediction.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of thermal damage in the fresh isolated kidneys of New Zealand white rabbits caused by domestic holmiumlaser. MethodsIn the operation room (constant temperature 22℃, humidity 60%), Guangdong electric (POTENT) domestic holmium laser equipment was chosen. The fresh isolated kidney of New Zealand white rabbit was put into a disposable sterilized syringe with 50 mL normal saline, then the holmium laser optical fiber (550 μm) was put into it, and the temperature of normal saline was measured by a mercury thermometer. The parameters of holmium laser were setted as frequency 20 Hz, energy 2 J, stimulating time 15 seconds, intermittent time 5 seconds, which was repeated. The temperature was measured 2, 5 and 7 minutes after stimulation. Then the kidney was dissected, phtographed, haematoxylin-eosin stained, and pathologically examined.ResultsAt the 2nd minute of stimulation, the temperature of normal saline in the syringe increased from 22℃ to 38℃; the cortex and medulla of rabbit kidney were ruddy, and the cortex, medulla and ureter were almost normal in pathological section. At the 5-minute point, the temperature increased to 57℃, and the cortex turned to be white, while the medulla remained ruddy, but the demarcation between the cortex and medulla was not very clear. At the 7th minute, the temperature was 78℃, and the cortex and medulla were both white and solidification with no clear demarcation. Pathological examination showed severe degeneration and necrosis of glomerulus and renal tubule.ConclusionCommon power of domestic holmium laser would produce increasing thermal damage, which may cause tissue damage in the human body when the temperature increases above 50℃.