Objective To observe the retinal and choroidal changes in morphology and thickness after photodynamic therapy(PDT) for idiopathic choroidal neovascularization(ICNV). Methods Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with ICNV were treated with verteporfin PDT. 16 eyes of 16 agematched normal subjects were observed for the purpose of comparison. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was checked before and 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT treatment. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) technique was used to measure central retinal thickness (CRT) and central choroidal thickness(CCT). The correlations between BCVA and CRT, CCT were analyzed by Pearson statistical anallyses. Results BCVA was improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT, and the difference had statistical significance compared with that before treatment (F=3.08,P=0.030). There was edema in the retina at 1 month after PDT. CNV in 13 eyes became fibrotic at 3 months after PDT, and all became fibrotic at 6 months after PDT. The reflex of choroid correspond to CNV was weak at 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT. CRT decreased at 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT (F=8.946,P=0.000). The difference was statistically significant between the CRT of control group and that 1 months after PDT (P=0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the CRT of control group and that 3 and 6 months after PDT（P=0.128, 0.083）. The CCT group had no statistically significant difference before and 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT (F=1.674, P=0.170). The CCT group also had no statistically significant differences between the control group and 1, 3 and 6 months after PDT (P=0.186, 0.551, 0.98). The BCVA was inversely correlated with CRT and CCT, and the correlation had no statistical significance (r=－0.051,－0.164;P=0.739,0.283). Conclusions PDT may improve BCVA in ICNV. Retinal edema resolves, CRT decreases, but CCT had almost no changes after PDT.
ObjectiveTo observe the pathological changes of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsFifty-three eyes of 53 patients who were diagnosed as CRAO in our center between January 2001 to January 2004 underwent the examination by OCT. The intervals between the disease onset and OCT examination were less than 2 weeks. The scan modes of OCT were horizontal or vertical line scan. The locations of scanning were macular, posterior pole of retina, optical papilla and the focus of bleeding or exudation.ResultsThe OCT pathological changes of CRAO in vivo includes increase of retinal thickness and reflex of retina, width of dark layer of photoreceptor (edema), edema or cystoid edema of fovea, retinal bleeding, cotton-wool spot and papilla edema. Four patients who had ciliary retinal artery showed normal retinal structure in the supply region of ciliary retinal artery.ConclusionOCT can display the pathological changes of retinal tissues in CRAO in vivo, especially on the old patients or the patients with systemic disease who were contraindicated by FFA. The unique OCT image of pathological changes of CRAO supply the objective signs for the instant clinical diagnosis.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:74-78)
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a serious retinal vascular disease, often accompanied by systemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the eye changes include macular edema, retinal ischemia, and even neovascularization, etc. As a common chronic disease of the fundus, it seriously affects patients' vision and quality of life. With the development of optical coherence tomography, the role of choroid in the occurrence and development of RVO has become a research hotspot. The research on the changes of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO has expanded from a simple two-dimensional thickness analysis to a more comprehensive multidimensional observation index such as three-dimensional volume, blood flow density and velocity. In addition, some cutting-edge research combines artificial intelligence algorithm techniques to improve the accuracy and depth of analysis. In the future, it is still necessary to further improve the data of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO, enhance the overall understanding of RVO, and provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of RVO.
Objective To observe the pathological changes of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with BRAO diagnosed in our Center from December 2002 to June 2005 were examined by OCT. The intervals of disease onsets and OCT examinations in all patients were within 2 weeks. The OCT scan modes were horizontal or vertical lines, and the locations of OCT scanning were macular area and the posterior pole of retina. The retinal thicknesses of macular foveola were measured and the macular thicknesses in different obstructive locations were compared using ANOVA analysis. The correlations of visual acuity and retinal thickness were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Among the 26 eyes with BRAO, 9 eyes with temporosuperior artery occlusion, 8 eyes with temporoinferior artery occlusion, 7 eyes with arteriole occlusion and 2 eyes with retinal ciliary artery occlusion were observed. The pathological characteristics of OCT images of BRAO were increased retinal thickness and reflectivity in the obstructive locations, and widened dark area of photoreceptors (edema), while there was no obvious foveal edema were observed. The retinal images in other locations were normal. The average macular foveal thickness in the groups of temporosuperior artery occlusion, temporoinferior artery occlusion and retina arteriole occlusion were (161.11plusmn;17.66) mu;m, (148.38plusmn;18.48) mu;m and (136.29plusmn;14.94) mu;m, respectively (F=4.137,P=0.031,Pgt;0.01). There was no correlation of visual acuity with retinal thickness in 24 eyes (r＝0.285，P＝0.176，Pgt;0.01). Conclusion OCT could display the pathological changes of retinal tissue of BRAO in vivo. The increases of macular foveal thicknesses in BRAO eyes are not so obvious, and no correlations could be seen between visual acuity and macular foveal thickness. OCT is indicated on the old patients and the patients with systemic diseases for whom FFA is contraindicated. The unique characteristics of pathological changes of BRAO indicated by OCT images supply the objective signs for the instant clinical diagnosis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 173-176)
It is the functional connectivity between motor cortex and muscle that directly relates to the rehabilitation of the dysfunction in upper limbs and neuromuscular activity status, which can be detected by electroencephalogram-electromyography (EEG-EMG) coherence analysis. In this study, based on coherence analysis method, we process the acquisition signals which consist of 9 channel EEG signal from motor cortex and 4 channel EMG signal from forearm, by using 4 groups of hand motions in the healthy subjects, including flexor digitorum, extensor digitorum, wrist flexion, and wrist extension. The results showed that in the β-band, the coherence coefficients between C3 and flexor digitorum (FD) was greater than extensor digitorum (ED) in the right hand flexor digitorum movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and ED was greater than FD in the right hand extensor digitorum movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was greater than extensor carpi radialis (ECR) in the right hand wrist flexion movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and ECR was greater than FCU in the right hand wrist extension movement. This analysis provides experimental basis to explore the information decoding of hand motion based on corticomuscular coherence (CMC).
ObjectiveTo observe and classify the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for several common diseases which could lead to submacular choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and to provide the warrant to make the differential diagnosis and treatment of CNV.MethodsThe data of OCT of 165 patients (187 eyes) with CNV due to AMD, CEC, high myopia and ICNV diagnosed by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were retrospectively analyzed, and the images of OCT were classified considering the results of FFA, and the characteristics of different types of the images were sumerized.ResultsWell-defined fusiform thickening of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and choriocapillary layer in CNV with well-defined border (60 eyes), dispersed backscattering increase in poorly-defined CNV (101 eyes), optic darkspace beneath RPE layer in serous detachment of RPE layer (19 eyes), quickly decreased high backscattering region under RPE layer in hemorrhagic detachment of RPE layer (11 eyes), slight to moderate backscattering region between RPE layer in fibrovascular detachment of RPE layer (10 eyes), and detachment of neurepithelial layer from RPE layer with the optic darkspace between the layers in detachment of neurepithelial layer (45 eyes) were observed.ConclusionsThe images of OCT for the common diseases which could lead to submacular choroidal neovascularization may be divided into 6 types. Analyzing the characteristics of images of OCT is helpful in differential diagnosis and treatment of CNV. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:69-73)
ObjectiveTo invesitigate the relationship between the macular histomorphological changes and the prognosis of the visual acuity (VA) in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).MethodsOptical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on 39 patients (39 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. According to the macular neurepithelial configuration displayed by OCT, the patients were divided into 3 groups: neurepithelial edema group, neurepithelial detachment group, and neurepithelial cystoid degeneration group. The time of retinal detachment, pre- and post-operative VA, and macular neurepithelial thickness OCT images were observed and analyzed statistically.ResultsThere was no difference of pre-operative VA among the three groups (P＞0.05). Significant differences of post-operative VA, time of retinal detachment, and neurepithelial thickness were found (P＜0.05). The differences of time of retinal detachment and neurepithelial thickness between neurepithelial degeneration group and cystoid degeneration group were significant (P＜0.05) except the postoperative VA (P＞0.05).ConclusionsThe time of retinal detachment and post-operative VA in patients with retinal detachment relate to the neurepithelial thickness detected by OCT. When the duration of retinal detachment becomes longer, the macular neurepithelium becomes thicker, the histomorphological changes increase, and the post-operative VA decreases. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:83-85)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), as a high-resolution, non-invasive, in-vivo image method has been widely used in retinal field, especially in the examination of fundus diseases. Nowadays, the modality has been gradually popularized in most of the national basic-level hospitals. However, OCT is only employed as a diagnostic tool in most cases, ophthalmologists lack of awareness of further exploring the information behind the raw data. In the era of fast-developing artificial intelligence, on the basis of standardized information management, a more comprehensive OCT database should be established. Further original image processing, lesion analysis, and artificial intelligence development of OCT images will help improve the understanding level of vitreoretinal diseases among clinicians and assist ophthalmologists to make more appropriate clinical decisions.
ObjectiveTo determine the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and kearns-sayre syndrome (KSS) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to analyze the potential influence factors for RNFLT of these patients. Methods18 CPEO and 4 KSS (CPEO with retinitis pigmentosa and cardiac block) patients, all were muscle biopsy confirmed, were included in this study. There were 7 males and 15 females, the average age was (29.09±13.40) years, the average onset age was (16.4±10.7) years and the average disease duration was (11.30±7.30) years. All the patients underwent SD-OCT examination for the left eye, the peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using the Spectralis 3.45 mm circle scan protocol. 8 quadrants were scanned including superior temporal (ST), temporal upper (TU), temporal lower (TL), inferior temporal (IT), inferior nasal (IN), nasal lower (NL), nasal upper (NU) and superior nasal (SN). The relationship between RNFLT and onset time, disease duration was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsThe average RNFLT of ST, TU, TL, IT, IN, NL, NU, SN in the 22 patients were (136.3±24.1), (85.4±25.7), (68.2±11.7), (128.2±28.7), (127.3±29.5), (66.7±16.8), (70.1±17.6) μm, respectively. The circumferential average RNFLT was (101.5±14.4) μm. There was no significant difference between the KSS group and CPEO group (P>0.05). The decrease of the circumferential RNFLT had no relationship with the onset age (r=-0.306, P=0.11), but a negative relationship with the disease course (r=-0.518, P=0.03). There were negative relationships between the disease course and RNFLT of 4 nasal quadrants (IN:r=-0.555, P=0.01, NL: r=-0.630, P=0.00, NU: r=-0.559, P=0.01, SN: r=-0.557, P=0.01). ConclusionThere is no difference in RNFLT of patients with CPEO and KSS. There is a negative relation between RNFLT (especially RNFLT of 4 nasal quadrants) and disease course.
ObjectiveTo observe the blood perfusion of optic nerve and macular areas and investigate its relationship with visual field defect in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).MethodsTwelve consecutive unilateral NAION patients (course of disease ＜3 months) and 12 healthy Chinese adults were enrolled in the study. The affected eyes and fellow eyes from 12 NAION patients were defined as group A and group B; 12 eyes from 12 healthy adults were defined as group C. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indirect ophthalmoscope and computer optometry were performed on all of the three groups of patients. Visual field (VF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on NAION patients. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) was used to calculate visual acuity. Compared to group B, logMAR BCVA, mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) in group A were significant decreased (t=3.278, ?4.909, 4.130, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in spherical equivalent, IOP, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) between group A and group B (t=0.000, 0.890, 1.215; P＞0.05). OCT angiography (OCTA) was used to measure the flow area (FA) at optic disc, flow area at radial peripapillary capillaries (RCFA) and FA, non-perfusion area (NFA), parafoveal vessel density (PVD) and parafoveal vascular index (PVI) in macular area. Pearson correlations between the deficiency of optic blood flow and visual field were analyzed.ResultsThe differences of FA at optic disc and peripapillary RCFA among 3 groups were significant (F=4.162, 3.357; P＜0.050). Compared to group B (t=?5.822, ?7.467; P＜0.001) and C (t=9.435, 4.615, P＜0.05), FA at optic disc and peripapillary RCFA in group A was significantly reduced. There is several NAION showed quadrantal FA decreased in optic nerve. However, there was no significant difference in optic disc FA and peripapillar RCFA between group B and C (F=0.004, 0.030; P＞0.050). There was no differences of FA, NFA, PVD and PVI among 3 groups (F=0.488, 1.107, 0.493, 1.086, 1.098, 0.093, 1.093, 1.221; P＞0.05). Positive correlation between optic disc FA, peripapillary RCFA and MD (r=0.542, 0.585; P＜0.05) were observed. However, there was no significant correlation between optic disc FA, peripapillary RCFA and PSD (r=?0.404, ?0.430; P＞0.05), and negatively correlated to BCVA (r=?0.617, ?0.596; P＜0.05). PRNFL was negatively correlated to optic disc FA (r=?0.643, P＜0.05), but not correlated to peripapillary RCFA (r=?0.377, P＞0.05).ConclusionsThe optic disc blood flow reduced in affected eyes of unilateral NAION whose disease course was less than 3 months, while the macular perfusion was normal. There was a positive correlation between optic disc flow and visual field.