The hydroxyapatite particles were used to repair 23 cases of depressed deformities of face. The patients were follwed up for 3 to 8 months and the short termresults were satisfactory. The operative procedure was briefly introduced. The advantages and attentions relevant to the operation were discussed.
Objective To compare the transfection effects on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (sFlt-1) gene (2-4 transcellular region) mediated by carboxymethylated dextran coated nanoparticle and lipofectamineTM2000.Methods The plasmid pcDNA3.1-EGFP/sFlt-1(2-4) was constructed and assessed by enzyme cut, electrophoresis, and genetic sequencing. Three groups were divided: nanoparticle group, lipofectamine group, and non-transfected group. Twenty-four and 48 hours after the transfection, the distribution of cellular green fluorescence was oberved under the inverted phase contrast fluorescence microscope; the expression rate of green fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry; the expression of sFlt-1(2-4)mRNA and the protein was detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot; the growth of the cells was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry and the relative growth rate (RGR) of the cells in each group was calculated; the cellular apoptosis in each group was detected by Hoechst staining.Results The sequence of sFlt-1(2-4) gene was equal to 915 base pair (bp).The transfection rate was 45% in nanoparticle group and 21% in lipofectamine group; the difference between the two groups was significant (t=2.541，Plt;0.05). Forty-eight hours after the transfection, the expression of sFlt-1（2-4）mRNA and protein was obviously higher in nanoparticle group than that in lipofectamine group (t=2.454，2.398；Plt;0.05) . Twenty-four and 48 hours after the transfection,the difference of RGR of the cells between nanoparticle and non-transfected group was not significant（t=1.436，Pgt;0.05）; the RGR in lipofectamine group differed much from that in non-transfected and nanoparticle group (t=2.412，2.545; Plt;0.05) ; the difference of cellular apoptosis was not significant between nanoparticle and nontransfected group (t=1.436，Pgt;0.05), but significant between nanoparticle and lipofectamine group (t=2.236，Plt;0.05). Conclusion The transfection rate of sFlt-1(2-4) mediated by carboxymethylated dextran coated nanoparticle was higher than that mediated by lipofectamineTM2000.
The convective polymerase chain reaction (CCPCR) uses the principle of thermal convection to allow the reagent to flow in the test tube and achieve the purpose of amplification by the temperature difference between the upper and lower portions of the test tube. In order to detect the amplification effect in real time, we added a fluorophore to the reagent system to reflect the amplification in real time through the intensity of fluorescence. The experimental results show that the fluorescence curve conforms to the S-type trend of the amplification curve, but there is a certain jitter condition due to the instability of the thermal convection, which is not conducive to the calculation of the cycle threshold (CT value). In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the dynamic method, using the double S-type function model to fit the curve, so that the fluorescence curve is smooth and the initial concentration of the nucleic acid can be deduced better to achieve the quantitative purpose based on the curve. At the same time, the PSO+ algorithm is used to solve the double s-type function parameters, that is, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combined with Levenberg-Marquardt, Newton-CG and other algorithms for curve fitting. The proposed method effectively overcoms PSO randomness and the shortcoming of traditional algorithms such as Levenberg-Marquardt and Newton-CG which are easy to fall into the local optimal solution. The R2 of the data fitting result can reach 0.999 8. This study is of guiding significance for the future quantitative detection of real-time fluorescent heat convection amplification.
Objective To evaluate the adoption of carbon nano-particle in the pathologic examination of lymph node for lower rectal cancer. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with rectal cancers located at or below the peritoneal reflection were randomly allocated to the routine method group or the group using carbon nano-particle. Resultsof pathologic examination were compared. Results Altogether, 1 070 lymph nodes were examined from the 2 study groups. The average examined number of the carbon nano-particle group was (20.2±4.9)/case, which was significantly higher than the other group 〔(15.4±6.8)/case〕, P=0.003. More tiny lymph nodes were examined in the nano-particle group (P=0.029) and more metastases were proved from the lymph nodes dyed by nano-particle (P=0.000). The majority of examined lymph nodes were located along the superior rectal vessel and its branches. ConclusionAdoption of nano-particle in pathologic examination of rectal cancer surgery can increase the examined number of lymph nodes, while detect small nodes harboring cancer, thus ensuring the correctness of pathologic report. The distribution of mesorectal lymph nodes underlines the execution of TME principle in dissection.
Objective To assess the applied significance of carbon nanoparticles in central compartment lymph node dissection in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods Sixty-eight patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma who were treated in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from May. to Oct. in 2012 were randomly allocated to the control group （n=32） and the carbon nanoparticles trace group （tracer group， n=36）， receiving non-carbon nanoparticles trace and carbon nanoparticles trace respectively. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and （or） contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. The lymph node-related indexes（including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵarea and lymph node metastasis rate at Ⅵarea） and operative indexs （including operation time， blood loss， drainage time， complication， and hospital stay） were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results There were 205 and 324 dissected lymph node at central compartment in control group and tracer group respectively. The results of postoperative pathology showed that the number of lymph node in central compartment of the tracer group was much more than those of control group （8.99±2.24 vs. 6.41±1.56， P＜0.001）. The metastasis rate of central compartment lymph node were 40.6% （13/32） in control group and 47.2% （17/36） in tracer group， but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups （P=0.762）. But in medial area of laryngeal recurrent nerve， the metastasis rate in the tracer group （38.9%， 14/36） was much higher than those of control group （12.5%， 4/32）， P=0.029. There were no significant differences in the operation time， blood loss， drainage time， hospital stay， and complication incidence such as bleeding， temporary hypocalcemia， and injury of superior laryngeal nerve between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. All the patients in 2 groups had followed-up for 6 months without death， recurrence， and metastasis.Conclusions The lymphatic tracer technique of carbon nanoparticles may improve the number of dissected lymph nodes in central region of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma， without increasing （or prolonging） operation time， intraoperative blood loss， and postoperative hospital stay， and can accurately represent the metastasis of lymph node， thus to make the staging of the tumor accurately and guide postoperative treatment.
Medical magnetic nanoparticles are nano-medical materials with superparamagnetism, which can be collected in the tumor tissue through blood circulation, and magnetic particle imaging technology can be used to visualize the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in the living body to achieve the purpose of tumor imaging. Based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of magnetic particles and the frequency characteristics of their magnetization, a differential detection method for the third harmonic of magnetic particle detection signals is proposed. It was modeled and analyzed, to study the nonlinear magnetization response characteristics of magnetic particles under alternating field, and the spectral characteristics of magnetic particle signals. At the same time, the relationship between each harmonic and the amount of medical magnetic nanoparticle samples was studied. On this basis, a signal detection experimental system was built to analyze the spectral characteristics and power spectral density of the detected signal, and to study the relationship between the signal and the excitation frequency. The signal detection experiment was carried out by the above method. The experimental results showed that under the alternating excitation field, the medical magnetic nanoparticles would generate a spike signal higher than the background sensing signal, and the magnetic particle signal existed in the odd harmonics of the detected signal spectrum. And the spectral energy was concentrated at the third harmonic, that is, the third harmonic magnetic particle signal detection that meets the medical detection requirement could be realized. In addition, the relationship between each harmonic and the particle sample volume had a positive growth relationship, and the detected medical magnetic nanoparticle sample volume could be determined according to the relationship. At the same time, the selection of the excitation frequency was limited by the sensitivity of the system, and the detection peak of the third harmonic of the detection signal was reached at the excitation frequency of 1 kHz. It provides theoretical and technical support for the detection of medical magnetic nanoparticle imaging signals in magnetic particle imaging research.
Objective To analyze the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and establish BP neural network model for screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Methods Inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Department of Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between July 2021 and August 2022 were selected as the case group and healthy people in the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University as the control group. Basic information and physical and laboratory examination indicators were collected for comparative analysis. PSO-BP neural network model, BP neural network model and logistic regression models were established using MATLAB R2021b software and the optimal screening model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was selected. Based on the optimal model, the mean impact value algorithm was used to screen the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 1 053 patients were included in the case group and 914 healthy peoples in the control group. Except for type of salt, family history of comorbidities, body mass index, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and staple food intake (P>0.05), the other indexes showed significant differences between the two groups. The performance of the PSO-BP neural network model outperformed the BP neural network model and the logistic regression model. Based on PSO-BP neural network model, the mean impact value algorithm showed that the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus were fasting blood glucose , heart rate, age , waist-arm ratio and marital status , and the protective factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus were high density lipoprotein cholestero, vegetable intake, residence, education level, fruit intake and meat intake. Conclusions There are many influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Focus should be placed on high-risk groups and regular disease screening should be carried out to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The screening model of PSO-BP neural network performs the best, and it can be extended to the early screening and diagnosis of other diseases in the future.
Objective To investigate an inhibitive effect of the chitosan nanoparticles with the proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）-antisense oligo deoxy nucleotides (ASODN) on the intimal cell proliferation after the vein grafting.Methods Fiftyfour male SD rats, weighing 450-600g, were randomly divided in the experimental group and the control group of 27 rats each. In the experimental group, the chitosan nanoparticles with PCNAASODN were infused into the anastomosis segment of the right jugular artery and vein; then, the anastomosis segment was transplanted to the jugular artery on the same side. The rats in the control group were infused with normal saline by the same procedures. There were 24 rats in each group which used to experiment. The hemodynamic data were obtained from the Doppler ultrasound examinations at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The specimens were taken. Immunohistochemistry, Westernblot, and bloodvesselwall histopathology were performed at the different week points. Results There was no significant difference in the thrombogenesis rate between the experimental group and the control group (3/27 vs. 3/27,P＞0.05). During the 4 week observation, PCNA Westernblot showed that the PCNA level was lower in the grafted vein and the anastomosis segment in the experimental group than in the control group. The indexes of the PCNA postive proliferating cells in the intimal area (0.13%±0.11%，0.79%±0.28%，0.45%±0.29%, 0.43%±0.25%) and the medial area (1.90%± 0.84%，2.11%±0.98%，2.48%±0.77%，2.17%±0.36%) were significantlydecreased at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks in the experimental group when compared with those in the control group（P＜0.05）. The lumen areas in the grafted vein (88.71±16.96，95.98±21.44，88.48±32.81，97.86±34.11 μm 2) and the anastomosis segment (41.49±3.34，45.15±11.65，46.27±8.90，51.62±8.85 μm 2) were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05). The ratios of the initmal area to the medial area in the grafted vein (22.73%±3.11%，32.40%±4.55%，45.14%±3.19%，45.70%±5.01%) and the anastomsis segment (41.49%±3.34%，45.15%±11.65%，46.27%±890%，51.62%±8.85%) were significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group（P＜0.05）. The maximum velocities (Vmax) of the blood flow inthe grafted vein and the anastomsis segment were almost the same in the two groups at 1 week, but had different changes at the next 3 weekpoints. In the control group, the Vmax of the blood flow gradually increased and at 3 weeks it reached the peak point; however, at 4 weeks it decreased. In the experimental group,the Vmax of the blood flow gradually decreased, and at 3 weeks it decreased to the lowest point; however, at 4 weeks it increased. So, at 4 weeks the Vmax of the blood flow in the grafted vein and the anastomsis segment was almost the samein the two groups. There was no significant difference in the Vmax of the bloodflow between the two groups (P＞0.05), but in the same group there wasa significant difference at the different time points. Conclusion The chitosan nanoparticles with PCNAASODN can effectively inhibit the intimal cell proliferation after the grafting of the blood vessel, so that the neointimal thickening can be prevented.
ObjectiveTo investigate the lymphatic targeting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) carbon nanoparticles in rats. Methods5-FU concentration in lymphoid tissue of rats was determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography after intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU carbon nanoparticle and 5-FU ordinary form (20 mg/kg body weight). Results5-FU concentration of lymphoid tissue in the 5-FU carbon nanoparticle group was higher than that in the 5-FU ordinary form group, and could sustain a longer time. Conclusion5-FU carbon nanoparticles injection can improve the drug concentration of target lymphatic organs, also has a good lymphatic targeting
ObjectiveTo explore the value of carbon nanoparticles on surgery for thyroid carcinoma. MethodLiteratures about application of carbon nanoparticles and lymphatic mapping in the thyroid carcinoma were reviewed. ResultsThe carbon nanoparticle was a new lymph tracer with a clear lymphatic mapping and a longer time for dying, which could accurately reflect the status of cervical lymph nodes, trace the sentinel lymph node in the thyroid carcinoma. The parathyroid gland could not be stained black, it was easy to be identified and protected. ConclusionsThe carbon nanoparticle provides an effective help in treatment for thyroid carcinoma. The more extensive and more profound application of lymphatic mapping depends on more clinical study.