PURPOSE:To investigale the influence of orally administered aldose reduetace inhibitor(ARI) and myo-inositol (MI)for contents of gluecose,sorbitol and myo-inositol in experimental diabetic retinal tissue in rat. METHODS :The STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered ARI or MI by oral. The glucose sorbitol and myo-inositol in retinal tissues were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography after experimental period of 6 montbs. RESULTS:It was found that the contents of glucose and sorhitol were increased and myo inosltol was decreased in diabetic group. In diabetes with ARI group.the content of sorbitol was increased although the glucose was in high level. In diabetes wilb MI group,the sorbitol accumulaled and coment of myo-inositol was close to the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS:The ARI can effectively obstruct sorbitol accumulation in retina. MI increase myo-inositol level but fail to reduce sorbitol contenl of retina. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 75-77 ）
1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (Sal) is a kind of catechol isoquinoline compound, which mainly exists in mammalian brain and performs a variety of biological functions. Through in vivo metabolism, Sal can be transformed into endogenous neurotoxins and can participate the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This has attracted widespread concern of researchers. Recently, many research works have shown that Sal may lead to alcohol addiction and regulate hormone release of the neuroendocrine system, which indicated that it is a potential regulator of dopaminergic neurons. In this paper, we discuss the neural functions of Sal on the above aspects, and wish to provide some theoretical supports for further research on its mechanism.
A drug vaccarin loaded polymer poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-stilbazole quaternized (SbQ)/Zein was prepared in this study, using co-electrospun method. Then the morphologies and structures of PVA-SbQ/Zein composite nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), respectively. Finally, biocompatibility of PVA-SbQ/Zein nanofibers with drug and without drug was evaluated. Results showed that vaccarin-loaded PVA-SbQ/Zein nanofibers had smooth surface and showed non-toxic to L929 cells. Drug vaccarin could promote cells attachment on nanofibers. The wound healing performance was examined in vivo by rat skin models and histological observations, and PVA-SbQ/Zein/vaccarin nanofibers showed better wound healing performance than petrolatum gauze group.
Objective To investigate the cellular compatibil ity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/wild antheraea pernyisilk fibroin (WSF), and to explore the feasibil ity for tendon tissue engineering scaffold in vitro. Methods The solutions of WSF (11%), PVA (11%), and PVA/WSF (11%) were prepared with 98% formic acid (mass fraction) at a mass ratio of 9 : 1. The electrospinning membranes of WSF, PVA, and PVA/WSF were prepared by electrostatic spinning apparatus. The morphologies of scaffolds were evaluated using scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The tendon cells were isolated from tail tendon of 3-dayold Sprague Dawley rats in vitro. The experiment was performed using the 3rd generation cells. The tendon cells (1 × 106/mL) were cocultured with PVA and PVA/WSF electrospinning film, respectively, and MTT test was used to assess the cell adhesion rate 4, 12 hours after coculture. The tendon cells were cultured in PVA and PVA/WSF extraction medium of different concentration (1, 1/2, and 1/4), respectively; and the absorbance (A) values were detected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days to evaluate the cytotoxicity. The composite of tendon cells and the PVA or PVA/WSF scaffold were observed by HE staining at 7 days and characterized by SEM at 1,3, 5, and 7 days. Results The solution of WSF could not be used to electrospin; and the solution of PVA and PVA/WSF could be electrospun. After coculture of tendon and PVA or PVA/WSF electrospinning membranes, the cell adhesion rates were 26.9% ±0.4% and 87.0% ± 1.0%, respectively for 4 hours, showing significant difference (t=100.400, P=0.000); the cell adhesion rates were 35.2% ± 0.6% and 110.0% ± 1.7%, respectively for 12 hours, showing significant difference (t=42.500, P=0.000). The cytotoxicity of PVA/WSF was less significantly than that of PVA (P lt; 0.05) and significant difference was observed between 1/2 PVA and 1/4PVA (P lt; 0.05). HE staining and SEM images showed that the tendon cells could adhere to PVA and PVA/WSF scaffolds, but that the cells grew better in PVA/WSF scaffold than in PVA scaffold in vitro. Conclusion PVA/WSF electrospinning membrane scaffold has good cell compatibility, and it is expected to be an ideal scaffold of tendon tissue engineering.
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods Such databases as CNKI, VIP, CBM, and PubMed (from the date of their establishments to November 2009) were searched. Randomized controlled trials of TCM treatment of NASH were included. According to the principle of ZANG-fu Differentiation, the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies and to conduct meta-analysis. Results Twenty-two studies were included, of which 18 were of low quality and 4 of high quality. The results of meta-analyses showed: there was no difference between liver-oriented TCM treatment and western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, and blood lipid; the liver and spleen oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, and blood lipid, but similar to that of western medicine on TG and HDL-C; the liver, spleen and kidney oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, lipids, but showed no difference on HDL-C; the liver and kidney oriented TCM treatment was better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, liver function, LDL-C, and HDL-C, but showed no differences on TC and TG. Conclusion The TCM has significant effects on NASH. The liver, spleen and kidney oriented TCM treatment is significantly better than the western medicine treatment in terms of the recovery rate, total effective rate, and liver function. TCM has no serious adverse reactions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the pathological and microstructural features of the osteonecrosis samples from subjects with steroid-induced or alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsThirty femoral head bone samples were collected from ONFH patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty between August 2015 and April 2016. There were 22 males and 8 females. The etiology of ONFH was alcohol-induced in 15 patients and steroid-induced in 15 patients. No significant difference of Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage was found between alcohol-induced and steroid-induced ONFH (Z=2.143, P=0.143). The femoral head bone samples in different areas (necrosis, sclerosis, and normal) from involved subjects was taken, and gross observation, HE staining were carried out (the rate of empty lacunaes was calculated). The intact femoral head was scanned by Micro-CT and the parameters of bone microstructure were analyzed quantitatively. The parameters included bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), bone surface area to bone volume ratio (BS/BV), bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), structural model index (SMI), trabecular plate number (Tb. N), trabecular plate thickness (Tb. Th), and trabecular spacing (Tb. Sp).ResultsAs observed in hard tissue slicing of both groups, the integrity of trabecular bone was destructed and cystic lesions left by the bone resorption was replaced by granulation tissues. Significant revascularization was found in granulation tissues of steroid-induced ONFH, but not in the alcohol-induced one. HE staining showed that the bone marrow structure was disordered in both group, as well as bone marrow necrosis and empty bone lacunaes noticed. The structure and integrity of trabecular bone of steroid-induced ONFH was far more severe whereas that of alcohol-induced one were thicker and better. The rate of empty bone lacunae in necrosis area of steroid-induced group was significantly higher than that of alcohol-induced one (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in sclerotic and normal areas between 2 groups (P>0.05). Micro-CT showed that necrotic and sclerotic areas of both groups were low bone density. Bone structure in the former area was mostly heterogeneous. Further blood-rich granulation tissues formation was observed in the same places of hard tissue slicing, while the sclerotic one wasn’t. The results of quantitative bone structure analysis showed that BV/TV, BMD, BMC, Tb.N, and Tb.Th of the necrotic and sclerotic areas of steroid-induced ONFH were significantly lower than those of alcohol-induced one (P<0.01), BS/BV, SMI, and Tb.Sp of steroid-induced ONFH were significantly higher than those of alcohol-induced one (P<0.01). No significant difference among the indexes above was found in the normal areas of both groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe integrity of trabecular bone was destroyed in necrotic area of steroid-induced or alcohol-induced ONFH. However, they performed different features of osteonecrosis and contrasted with each other. The steroid-induced ONFH was characterized by multiple " osteolytic bone destruction”, while the alcohol-induced one was manifested by some kinds of " coagulative destruction”.
摘要:目的:探討納絡酮對急性酒精中毒的臨床療效及經驗。方法: 將58例酒精中毒患者隨機分為2組:常規治療組29例,給予利尿劑、胃腸黏膜保護劑及靜脈補液對癥治療;納絡酮治療組29例,除了應用常規治療方法外,加用納絡酮。結果:納絡酮治療組患者癥狀改善,清醒時間明顯提前于對照組(Plt;0.01)。結論: 納絡酮治療急性酒精中毒療效肯定、使用簡單安全,值得臨床推廣使用。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of naoxone on acute alcoholism. Methods: Fiftyeight cases of acute alcoholism were randomly divided into two groups: remedial group (29 cases) and the comparison group (29 cases). Both groups were given diuretic, protection of mucous membrane of stomach and fluid infusion. The remedial group was treated with naloxone. Results: Symptoms of the remedial group were obviously improved. Consciousness was regained much earlier than that of the comparison group (Plt;0.01). Conclusion: Naloxone can be used effectively and safely in treating acute alcoholism.
ObjectiveTo expounded the relationship between phenylalanine, tyrosine and their metabolites and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodThe literatures related to NAFLD in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. ResultThe levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine and their metabolites had changed significantly in the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and could lead to the progress of NAFLD by affecting the related pathways of lipid metabolism. ConclusionPhenylalanine, tyrosine and their related metabolites are associated with NAFLD, but the specific pathogenesis is still unclear.
ObjectiveTo summarize the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in liver diseases. MethodWe sorted out and summarized the studies related to ERS and liver diseases in recent years. ResultsEndoplasmic reticulum plays important roles in protein folding, calcium ion storage, and lipid synthesis in cells. ERS will be induced when the number of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum increases or the calcium ion homeostasis is unbalanced. The endoplasmic reticulum regulates the unfolded protein response through three transmembrane receptor proteins to initiate corresponding pathways for restoring endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Prolonged stress can lead to metabolic disorders. Mild ERS can promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, and continuous ERS will induce cell apoptosis and play an anti-tumor effect; ERS can promote lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and aggravate the progression of the disease; in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, ERS activation will aggravate liver damage. Meanwhile, ERS activation plays an important pathogenic role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury. ConclusionERS plays a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence and development of liver-related diseases, providing a theoretical basis and new approach for targeted ERS therapy in liver diseases.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodRelevant literatures at home and abroad were collected to make an review, then summarized the research status and progress of MRI for diagnosis of NASH. Their advantages and disadvantages were summarized.ResultsA variety of MRI techniques, including MR elastography, gadolinium-ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and quantitative MR imaging of fat and iron, had been widely used in diagnosing NASH and shown to have some value. However, there were currently no effective MRI techniques recommended for diagnosing NASH.ConclusionsMRI plays an important role in noninvasive assessment of NASH. Future studies are needed to investigate more efficient noninvasive biomarkers and models consisting of imaging and non-imaging biomarkers for diagnosing NASH, to reduce unnecessary biopsies.