ObjectiveTo highlight the characteristics of bronchial foreign body in Adults. MethodsThe clinical data of three patients with bronchial foreign body were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. ResultsForeign bodies in three patients were all located in right bronchi. Their initial diagnoses were tumor, pneumonia and foreign body, respectively. They all didn't offer a definite history of foreign body aspiration. Foreign bodies in three patients were diagnosed and treated by bronchoscopy. Through reviewing 978 related literatures, we found 2920 cases of bronchial foreign body in adults. 75.00% of them didn't offer a history of foreign body aspiration. 80.13% of them were misdiagnosed as other diseases before bronchoscopy, such as pneumonia(31.23%), lung cancer(25.21%), tuberculosis(5.81%), bronchiectasis(6.58%) and asthma(12.47%). Some of them were misdiagnosed for over 30 years. ConclusionsBronchial foreign bodies in adults are easily misdiagnosed. Bronchoscopy plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of bronchial foreign body.
背景雖然當前已有一些評估衛生保健指南可靠性的工具，但仍缺乏針對制定指南實際步驟的指導。針對指南制定者們所需考慮的相關資源和工具，我們系統研發了一份全面的條目清單，但這并不意味著每篇指南都需遵守該清單的所有條目。 方法我們檢索了國際指南制定機構的指南制定手冊、指南的指南（主要是來自國際和國家機構以及專業學會的方法學報告），以及提供系統指導的最新文章。經過反復評價這些資料，盡可能全面地羅列和提取條目，并制定與指南有關的重要主題。通過反復討論，我們對條目進行評價以去重和補漏，同時邀請指南制定專家對所增加的條目進行修改并提出建議。 結果我們制定了一份包含18個主題、146個條目的清單，并建立了幫助指南制定者應用這些條目的網站。這些主題和條目涵蓋了指南從規劃、完成、實施和評估的全過程。最終的清單版本也包括了培訓所需的資料以及應用這些條目時用到的方法學參考文獻的鏈接。 解釋本清單將提供給指南制定者用作參考。仔細考慮清單中的條目將有助于指南的制定、實施和評估，我們也將會通過大眾反饋來修訂并持續更新清單。