Objective To review and summarize the latest development of the therapy for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods Therecentlypublished articles related to the therapies for DMD were extensively reviewed and briefly summarized. Results The therapeutic approaches for DMD included the gene therapy, the cell therapy, and the pharmacological therapy. The gene therapy and the cell therapy were focused on the treatment for the cause of DMD by the delivery of the missing gene, the modification of the mutated gene, and the transfer of the normal cells including the stem cells, while the pharmacological therapy dealt with the downstream events caused by the dystrophin gene defect, slowed down the pathologic progress of DMD, and improved the DMD patient’s life quality and life span, by medication and other factor treatments. Conclusion There is still no cure for DMD because of various difficulties in replacing or repairing thedefected gene and of the multifaceted nature of the severe symptoms. Therefore,it is imperative for us to find out a more effective treatment that can solve these problems.
目的 通過檢測異染色質蛋白1α（HP1α）在DNA損傷后的磷酸化狀況，介紹一種用磷酸化標簽(phos-tag)試劑檢測磷酸化蛋白質的新方法。 方法 取雄雌C57小鼠交配后孕13.5 d胚胎，分離并原代培養小鼠胚胎成纖維細胞。對照組及實驗組(6個損傷時間點)各取2個100 mm培養皿的細胞進行實驗，實驗組細胞用喜樹堿進行DNA損傷；對照組用等量的二甲基亞砜處理。用摻入phos-tag的十二烷基硫酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白并轉印，將膜用抗HP1α的抗體孵育，用偶聯辣根過氧化物酶的抗體做二抗，通過成像系統檢測蛋白。 結果 實驗組存在一條與HP1α有明顯不同遷移率的磷酸化HP1α條帶，與對照組相比DNA損傷后磷酸化HP1α含量一過性增多。 結論 HP1α被DNA損傷誘導為磷酸化狀態，提示其可能在DNA修復過程中扮演重要角色。 Phos-tag 蛋白質印跡法可采用普通抗體檢測磷酸化的蛋白，是一種簡便易行的檢測未知磷酸化蛋白質的新方法。
Objective To observe the expressions of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in muscle satell ite cells in situ of normal and cardiotoxin-intoxicated muscle tissues so as to further investigate the molecular mechanism involving inmuscle regeneration such as progressing muscular dystrophy (PMD) for seeking the way to cure muscle retrogression. Methods The muscle injured model of 12 C57 male mice was made by injecting cardiotoxin (5 μg per mouse) in left quadriceps femoris, their right quadriceps femoris was used as control without any injection. The histological, immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR were done to investigate the expression of CXCR4 in the quadriceps femoris in situ after 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. Results HE staining results demonstrated that the muscle tissues experienced the process from muscle injury, repair to regeneration. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of CXCR4 in injured muscle tissue were 1 955.6 ± 150.3, 2 223.2 ± 264.3, 2 317.6 ± 178.7, 3 066.5 ± 269.6, 1 770.9 ± 98.7 and 1 505.7 ± 107.1 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (640.3 ± 124.0, P lt; 0.001). The RT-PCR showed that the expressions of CXCR4 mRNA in injured muscle tissue were0.822 ± 0.013, 0.882 ± 0.025, 1.025 ± 0.028, 1.065 ± 0.041, 0.837 ± 0.011 and 0.777 ± 0.015 at 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after injection of cardiotoxin, there was significant difference when compared with normal muscle (0.349 ± 0.006, P lt; 0.001). Conclusion CXCR4 may be the critical protein in the process of muscle impairment and reparation.