【摘要】 目的 討論胃充盈超聲造影在胃潰瘍患者術后的應用價值。 方法 2002年6月-2009年6月對因胃潰瘍行手術的72例患者采用飲水法充盈胃進行術后超聲檢查隨訪，觀察術后胃的容量變化、術后近期并發癥及遠期并發癥。 結果 所有胃術后的患者，近期胃容量較前減少60%～70%，隨著時間的延長，容量逐漸恢復，最大恢復至術前的50%。吻合處胃壁僵直，蠕動波消失。十二指腸殘端漏2例，近期吻合口狹窄5例，胃癱綜合癥3例，吻合口反流40例，有臨床癥狀的患者10例，無臨床癥狀的患者30例，復發性潰瘍1例，未發現殘胃癌及遠期吻合口梗阻。 結論 胃充盈超聲造影是胃潰瘍術后簡單易行的隨訪方法，具有重要的臨床應用價值。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of gastric filling in gastric ulcer patients after the operation. Methods A total of 72 patients who underwent the operation due to gastric ulcer between June 2002 and June 2009 were selected. We used water-drinking method for filling stomach to perform the ultrasonic examination and the patients were followed up. The post-operation changes in the capacity of the stomach, postoperation complication and long-term complication were observed. Results The reduction of recent stomach capacity was 60%-70% in of the patients after the operation. As time goes on, the capacity gradually recovered, and the largest recovery was 50%. Anastomosis gastric wall was stiff, and peristaltic wave disappeared. Drain off residual duodenum was found in 2 patients, anastomotic stricture near was in 5, delayed gastric emptying was in 3, anastomotic reflux was in 40, clinical symptoms was in 10, no clinical symptoms was in 30, and recurrent ulcer was in 1. No gastric remnant cancer or long-term anastomtic obstruction was observed. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of gastric filling is a simple and practicable ultrasound follow-up method after gastric ulcer.
The use of clinical predictive modeling to guide clinical decision-making and thus provide accurate diagnosis and treatment services for patients has become a clinical consensus and trend. However, the models available for clinical use are more limited due to unstandardised research methods and poor quality of evidence. This paper introduces the development process of clinical prediction models from six aspects, data collection, model development, performance evaluation, model validation, model presentation and model updating, as well as the clinical prediction model research report statement and risk of bias assessment tools in order to provide methodological references for domestic researchers.