【摘要】 目的 調查涼山地區青少年四種常見變應性疾病——濕疹、蕁麻疹、變應性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）、支氣管哮喘（bronchial asthma，BA）的發病情況，及農村與城區患病差異。 方法 采用分層整群抽樣方式確定調查點。受調查者填寫調查問卷，接受皮膚科、耳鼻喉科、內科專科醫師檢查。 結果 濕疹調查8 113人，發現患者810例，患病率10.0%，標準化患病率9.3%；男性患病率8.1%，女性患病率11.2%（Plt;0.01）；城區與農村患病率均為10.0%。蕁麻疹調查8 113人，發現患者513例，患病率6.3%，標準化患病率6.5%；男性患病率4.6%，女性患病率7.5%（Plt;0.01）；農村患病率6.9%，城區患病率4.9% （Plt;0.01）。AR調查7 977人，發現患者741人，患病率9.3%，標準化患病率9.1%；男性患病率9.4%，女性患病率9.2%（Pgt;0.05）；農村患病率9.0%，城區10.1%（Pgt;0.05）。BA調查7 741人，發現患者296例，患病率3.8%，標準化患病率4.0%；男性患病率3.2%， 女性患病率4.2%（Plt;0.05）；農村患病率4.1%，城區患病率2.9%（Plt;0.05）。 結論 通過調查獲得了涼山地區青少年四種變應疾病患病數據。發現女性濕疹、蕁麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性，AR患病率相近。農村濕疹、蕁麻疹、支氣管哮喘患病率均高于城區，AR患病率相近。【Abstract】 Objective To obtain the prevalence rate of four common allergic diseases, including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma, in adolescent of Lianshan district; and to explore the differences of these allergic diseases prevalence rate between rural area and urban area. Methods A survey was conducted in adolescent. The cluster sampling was used. The subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and also received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 8 113 individuals were included in eczema studis, in whom eczema were present in 810 with a morbidity of eczema of 10.0% (9.3% after standardized). The prevalence rate of eczema in males and females were 8.1% and 11.2%, respectively (Plt;0.01). The prevalence rate of eczema in urban area was the same as that in rural area (10.0%). A total of 8 113 people were included in the urticaria study, in whom urticaria were found in 513. The prevalence rate was 6.3% (6.5% after standardized). The prevalence rate of urticaria in males and females were 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively (Plt;0.01), and were 6.9% and 4.9% respectively in rural area and urban area (Plt;0.01). A total of 7 977 people were included in AR studis. AR was present in 741 people, and the prevalence rate of AR was 9.3% (9.1% after standardized). The prevalence rate of AR in males and females were 9.4% and 9.2% respectively (Pgt;0.05), and were 10.1% and 9.0% respectively in urban area and rural area (Pgt;0.05). A total of 7 741 people were included in BA study, and BA were present in 296 people. The prevalence rate of BA were 3.8% (4.0% after standardized). The prevalence rate in males and females were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively (Plt;0.05), and were 2.9% and 4.1% respectively in urban area and rural area (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of these commom allergic diseases in adolescent of Liangshan district was obtained. The females have a higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA than that in the males; the prevalence rate of AR in males is similar to which in the females. A higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA is found in rural area than that in urban area; the prevalence rate of AR in urban area is similar to which in rural area.
Objective To analyze the measles epidemic characteristic, so as to provide scientific evidence for the strategy of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The data of measles cases was collected from the national epidemiological investigation and surveillance report system, and the measles epidemiological characteristic as well as the efficacy of measles control strategy were analyzed through descriptive studies. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 309 in 2009, the incidence rate was 5.1 per 100 000 population and declined by 71.26% compared with the year of 2008. Seasonal peak in 2009 appeared from January to April. The infants less than eight months old as well as the patients more than 15 years old were the main suffering population, which accounted for 33.98% (105/309) and 49.51% (153/309) of the total, respectively. The patients having no or having unclear measles vaccination history accounted for 93.2% (288/309). The cases of floating population accounted for 9.71% (30/309). Conclusion It has been demonstrated that vaccine immunization activities are important measures to eliminate measles. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, not only does the children routine immunization have to be performed, but also the strengthened immunization has to be carried out for the key crowd in key areas.