Cochrane系統評價證據表明,口服替代治療能降低阿片類藥癮者HIV的血液傳播.使用避孕套可有效預防HIV的性傳播,同時聯合其他一些干預措施可進一步降低個人感染HIV的風險.對于貧困人口和不發達地區,孕婦短程服用奈韋拉平是防治母嬰傳播最現實有效的方法;而基于發達國家的研究表明,剖腹產、母乳替代品可能是有效的干預.病毒逆轉錄酶抑制劑是初期治療HIV感染的有效方法.特效藥對于減少艾滋病相關的機會感染是必需的.積極的體育鍛煉已被證實是提高艾滋病人生存和生活質量的有效手段.
Objective To identify and investigate the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in 11 non-key Chinese medical journals so as to learn about the current status and problems. Methods Eleven non-key medical journals of TCM from 1995 to 2000 were hand searched to identify the RCT and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Each identified RCT or CCT was page by page verified by handsearchers based on the criteria developed by the Cochrane Handbook; the RCTs’ design, randomization method description, blind, baseline comparison, inclusion and exclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria,criteria for theraputic effectiveness, sample size, statistical method，described outcome, side effects, and follow up etc. were analyzed. Results In the related journals from 1995 to 2000, a total of 66 volumes and 390 issues were checked. As a result, 22 739 clinical studies were identified, of which 1 416 RCTs, only 24 (1.69%) were done with double blinding. There were 141 CCTs from 1995 to 2000, the total number of RCT increased from 95 to 1 416 and most of studies were on digestives diseases. Most of these studies had no detailed randomization method description, only 38 (2.68%) studies provided a methodology description. In addition, 1 220 (86.16% ) described outcome index, 1 203 (84.96%) used statistical method，934 (65.96%) had baseline comparison，828 (58.47%) described diagnostic criteria, 197 (13.91%) had inclusion and exclusion criteria，finally only 89 (6.29%) reported side effects. Conclusions Although the number of RCT has increased in the 11 non-key medical journals of TCM in the past six years, the quality of these RCTs needs to be improved.