Severe acute kidney injury usually requires renal replacement therapy. Intermittent hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, and prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy are the four common modalities of renal replacement therapy. Whether one modality of renal replacement therapy is superior to another in clinical practice remains controversial. The impact of the choice of renal replacement therapy modality on the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients needs to be further explored in large-scale randomized controlled studies and a longer follow-up time. This article will discuss the development history of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury, the current status of its application, and the comparison of the four treatment modalities, in order to help clinicians have a deeper understanding of how to design individualized renal replacement therapy programs for patients with acute kidney injury under the guidance of the concept of precision medicine.
As emerging means of cancer treatment, immunotherapy is the fourth major therapeutic strategy after surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy, which benefits patients a lot. It has been more than 100 years for the medical community exploring how to harness the immune system to fight cancer. Since the advent of ipilimumab in 2011, the first checkpoint inhibitor, cancer immunotherapy represented by checkpoint inhibitors has exploded. Several programmed death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors have successively been approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the second-line setting or even the first-line setting. But checkpoint inhibitors therapy has only achieved limited benefit at the present stage. Exploring potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance are in need of further consideration to optimize immunotherapy.
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
目的 了解血液科護士在對患者抗腫瘤藥物治療護理過程中的防護現狀。 方法 2009年12月－2010年3月對血液科一、二病區和骨髓移植層流病房的護理人員,采用便利抽樣方式進行問卷調查。 結果 血液科化學療法防護現狀與國際水平有差距，護理人員雖有一定的防護意識，但仍較薄弱。 結論 加強護理人員化學治療藥物毒性及防護知識的教育，提高防范意識，并制定嚴格的防護措施及管理制度是確保護理人員職業安全的根本與途徑。
Objective To investigate the application status of titrated oxygen therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by means of literature retrieving. Methods Database retrieving is taken on eight major domestic medical journals about the treatment for AECOPD patients during the period of January 2013 to December 2015. Results There were 70 articles involving the treatment of AECOPD in the eight major journals during 2013 to 2015. Oxygen therapy was not mentioned in 14 articles, oxygen therapy data were incomplete in 13 papers and relatively complete in 43 papers. None of the articals provided full description of oxygen therapy. The arterial blood gas of the patients was analyzed, and showed excessive or not enough on effect of oxygen treatment. Conclusion The clinicians did not pay enough attention to oxygen treatment for AECOPD patients, so treatment guideline and clinical pathway should be construed to standardize titrated oxygen therapy.
目的 比較經尿道前列腺剜除術（TUEP）與經尿道前列腺電切術（TURP）的療效。 方法 2010年11月－2011年3月，收治前列腺增生（BPH）患者58例，分別采用TUEP（30例）、TURP（28例）治療。患者年齡55～87歲，平均73歲；病程1～12年，平均5年。術前常規行直腸指檢前列腺光滑無結節；經直腸前列腺彩色超聲多普勒檢查，測得前列腺體積為50～80 mL，平均62 mL；血清前列腺特異性抗原＜10 ng/mL。 結果 TUEP組術中出血量、術后沖洗時間均短于TURP，切除前列腺組織體積大于TURP組，差異均有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。術后拔除尿管后發生暫時性尿失禁TUEP組1例，TURP組發生2例，兩組比較差異無統計學意義；兩組均無永久性尿失禁發生。 結論 TUEP與TURP相比較，TUEP手術療效好，出血少、恢復快，且并發癥少。
Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a key role in the signaling pathway of WM, which has changed the way of treatment of WM. As a first-generation BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib is an early-stage treatment and a salvage treatment that can control toxicity characteristics. However, in order to overcome the resistance of the first-generation BTK inhibitors, reduce the adverse reactions caused by off-target effects, and improve the efficacy, the research and development of new BTK inhibitors has become a hot topic. This article discusses the clinical studies of the first generation and new BTK inhibitors for WM, aiming to provide a certain basis for the more rational application of BTK inhibitors in WM.
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is one of the transcription factors in the interferon regulatory factor family. In the normal physiological process, IRF4 protein is a key factor regulating B cell development, such as early B cell development, pre-B cell switch recombination, mature B cell somatic hypermutation, and also a key factor regulating plasma cell differentiation. In addition, in recent years, it has been reported that Irf4 gene abnormalities or abnormal protein expression is closely involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of B cell or plasma cell tumors. This article reviews the physiological role of IRF4 in the differentiation and maturation of B cell or plasma cells, how IRF4 participates in the occurrence and development of B cell or plasma cell tumors, and its potential therapeutic target for B cell or plasma cell tumors.
Objective To investigate the current status of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior and influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Qianbei area, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 329 COPD patients were recruited and investigated with self-compiled questionnaire for self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The mean score of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior in COPD patients was 132.6±17.0, in which the scores of each dimension from high to low were as follows: smoking, medication treatment, exercise and family oxygen therapy. The analysis of stepwise regression indicated that the main influencing factors of self-management of COPD patients were age, sex, address, degree of education, course of disease and smoking. Conclusions The self-management level of the disease recognition, attitude and behavior in COPD patients should be improved, in which the knowledge is key factor to promote the health behavior of patients. So the healthy workers should pay close attention to the influence factors and apply the new thinking pattern and methods to improve the self-management ability and the quality of life of patients.
目的 研究乳腺癌患者雌激素受體（ER）、孕激素受體（PR）、人表皮生長因子受體2（HER-2）表達情況及免疫組織化學分子亞型分布。 方法 對2003年1月－2008年9月四川大學華西醫院病理科3 365例乳腺癌病理報告存檔資料進行激素受體（ER/PR）、HER-2表達情況及免疫組織化學分子亞型分布進行分析。 結果 3 365例確診的乳腺癌患者中，ER陽性1 824例（54.2%），PR陽性1 841例（54.7%），HER-2過表達284例（8.4%）。相關分析顯示ER與PR表達呈正相關（P＜0.001），HER-2與ER、PR表達均呈負相關（P＜0.001）。免疫組織化學分子亞型結果顯示luminal A型最常見，為1 993例（59.2%）；basal-like型為623例（18.5%）；HER-2過表達型為169例（5.0%）；luminal B型最少，為115例（3.4%）；未分類的為465例（13.8%）。 結論 乳腺癌患者激素受體及HER-2表達有特殊性，激素受體陽性率＞50%，HER-2陽性率在不同研究中顯示出不同的結果，尚需進一步研究；ER、PR與HER-2具有良好的相關性；免疫組織化學分子亞型中luminal A型最常見。