【Abstract】Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the growth and metastasis of tumor.Methods The literatures of recent years were reviewed.Results NO had double effects on the growth and metastasis of tumor. NO promoted the growth and metastasis by regulating the expression of tumor proliferation gene and inducing tumor angiogenesis. On the other hand, NO had antitumor effects by interfering with the metabolism of tumor cells, inducing the damage of DNA, forming high toxic free radical, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and mediating the antitumor action of endothelial cells and macrophages.Conclusion Selective blockage or induction of synthesis of NO may be a new way for tumor therapy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current status and the management and prophylaxis of complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy. MethodsThe literatures on laparoscopic gastrectomy in domestic and abroad were reviewed and analyzed combined with our experiences. ResultsThe complications of laparoscopic gastrectomy primary attributed to surgery itself and pneumoperitoneum. Limited field under laparoscopy, loss of threedimensional space and finger touch, new instrument and technology and working conditions increased the difficulty of operation and the possibility of surgical complications. Clear anatomical layer under laparoscopy, accurate dissection of lymph nodes, and digestive tract reconstruction were the basis to reduce the complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy. ConclusionCorrect surgical procedures may reduce the occurrence of complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the effects of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) on apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells after transplantation in rats. MethodsSmall intestinal transplantation was performed in SD and Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into three groups: isograft group (Wistar→Wistar group), allograft group (SD→Wistar group) and allograft+cyclosporine A group (SD→Wistar+CsA group). The grafts were harvested on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after operation. All graft samples were subjected to histological examination. The apoptosis of graft epithelial cells was detected by TUNEL method. p38 MAPK was measured by Westernblotting method and serum TNFα was determined by ELISA. ResultsMild, moderate and severe rejection reaction occurred in the SD→Wistar group, it was showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction by TUNEL. In SD→Wistar group, the numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly higher than those of the other two groups （P＜0.01）. The severity of rejection reaction in SD→Wistar+CsA group was less than that of SD→Wistar group and the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction (P＜0.01). The level of serum TNFα varied with the apoptotic degree of small intestinal epithelial cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group （P＜0.01）. The expression of p38 MAPK increased with the number of the apoptotic cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group （P＜0.01）, but there was no evident change in Wistar→Wistar group （Pgt;0.05）. The expression of p38 MAPK and the level of serum TNFα were positively correlated with apoptosis in small intestinal rejection after transplantation （r=0.875， P＜0.01； r=0.837， P＜0.01）. p38 MAPK and TNFα were also positively correlated （r=0.826，P＜0.01）. ConclusionApoptosis plays an important role in small intestinal rejection. p38 MAPK is involved in apoptosis and is an important regulator in signal pathway of cell apoptosis.
Pelvic exenteration has become an important procedure for radical treatment of locally advanced/recurrent rectal cancer, and in recent years, with the advancement of surgical techniques and the improvement of perioperative management ability, the long-term prognosis of patients has been significantly improved. However, the high incidence of perioperative complications seriously impacts the quality of life of patients and the course of postoperative recovery, which remains a major problem for surgeons. Precise surgical levels and appropriate intraoperative position help to fully expose the surgical field, accurately identify major vessels, and reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding. Biological mesh, myocutaneous flap and omentoplasty are common pelvic floor reconstruction methods, and combined repair of pelvic defects by two of them may further reduce the incidence of empty pelvic syndrome. Iliac revascularization could effectively prevent postoperative thrombosis and ventricular septal syndrome. The application of minimally invasive techniques and the implementation of pre-rehabilitation measures might help to reduce postoperative complications. This article reviews the prevention strategies of complications after pelvic exenteration in order to provide some reference for clinical practice and surgical promotion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the implant survival and postoperative aesthetics of immediate versus delayed implant treatment in the anterior maxilla regions.MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data from inception to April 2017, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies on immediate implant and delayed implant in the anterior teeth areas. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 4 RCTs and 12 retrospective cohort studies involving 1 316 implants were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: there was no significant difference between two groups in retention rate (RCT: RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.97 to 1.02, P=0.70; retrospective cohort study: RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.96 to 1.02, P=0.54), the implant stability of permanent restoration for 4 months (MD=0.82, 95%CI –0.11 to 1.76, P=0.08), alveolar bone resorption of long-term permanent crown restoration (12 months: RCT: MD=0.06, 95%CI –0.35 to 0.47, P=0.79; retrospective cohort study: MD=–0.27, 95%CI –0.57 to 0.03, P=0.07; 24 months: retrospective cohort study MD=–0.09, 95%CI –0.18 to 0.00, P=0.05), respectively. The immediate implant group was superior to the control group in alveolar bone resorption of short-term permanent crown restoration (3 months: MD=–0.08, 95%CI –0.13 to –0.04, P=0.000 1; 6 months: MD=–0.23, 95%CI –0.38 to –0.07, P=0.004). The PES score in the immediate implant group was higher than that in the delayed implant group(MD=1.12, 95%CI 0.11 to 2.13, P=0.03).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that both immediate and delayed implant procedures have similar outcomes in terms of implant retention, long-term stability and long-term alveolar bone resorption of the implants in the anterior maxilla regions, but the former procedure possesses better short-term reduction of alveolar bone absorption and postoperative gingival aesthetics. Furthermore, due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more large-scale and high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
Objective To review the progress and application of peripheral nervous microelectrode. Methods The recent articles on peripheral nervous microelectrode were extensively reviewed. The classification, the progress of the peripheral nervous microelectrode and its utilizable prospect in the control of electronic prosthesis were summarized. Results The microelectrodes had favorable functions of selective stimulation and recording. It provided an information transmitting interface between the electric prosthesis and peripheral nerves. Conclusion Peripheral nervous signal is a feasible signal source to control electronic prosthesis.
Objective To explore the correlations of plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen levels with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The clinical data of 196 patients with NSCLC diagnosed for the first time in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 416 Hospital of Nuclear Indusry between July 2017 and December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 57 cases in early stage (stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ), 57 cases in medium stage (stage Ⅲ), and 82 cases in advanced stage (stage Ⅳ) according to TNM staging, 108 cases of adenocarcinoma, 87 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of unclassified type according to pathological classification, and 19 deaths and 177 survivals according to outcome. The levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were determined by immunoturbidimetry and coagulation method, and the levels of CEA and CFYRA21-1 were determined by electro-chemiluminescence method. The non-normally distributed data were presented as median (lower quartile, upper quartile), and Spearman correlation analyses were performed. Results Among the early, middle and advanced stage patients, the levels of D-dimer [198.00 (133.00, 390.87), 279.00 (170.93, 520.89), 389.00 (196.25, 931.00) μg/L], CEA [3.20 (2.60, 5.17), 13.53 (5.07, 70.63), 15.69 (4.07, 123.46) μg/L], and CFYRA21-1 [4.79 (3.15, 8.84), 8.60 (4.83, 19.32), 7.19 (3.09, 15.05) μg/L] were significantly different (P<0.05); however, there was no statistical difference in the level of fibrinogen among the three stages (P>0.05). The level of CYFRA21-1 in the adenocarcinoma group was lower than that in the squamous cell carcinoma group [(5.39 (2.81, 12.71) vs. 6.86 (4.18, 12.29) μg/L, P<0.05], while there was no statistically significant difference in D-dimer, CEA, or fibrinogen between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of D-dimer, CEA, and CFYRA21-1 in the death group [1176.00 (382.00, 2848.00), 135.34 (24.85, 403.50), 10.82 (7.41, 23.41) μg/L] were significantly higher than those in the survival group [270.00 (146.00, 481.50), 5.62 (3.05, 26.53), 6.28 (3.37, 12.30) μg/L], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01); but there was no statistical difference in the level of fibrinogen between the two groups (P>0.05). D-dimer was positively correlated with CEA and CFYRA21-1 (rs=0.450, 0.291; P<0.001), but fibrinogen was not correlated with CEA or CFYRA21-1 (P>0.05). Conclusion D-dimer was more valuable than fibrinogen in predicting the clinical stage and prognosis of NSCLC.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and p53 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with angiogenesis. Methods Immunohistochemical method and image analysis technique were used to detect the expression of iNOS and p53 protein in tumor tissue sections of 59 HCC patients. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34 antibody.Results ①The expression rates of iNOS and p53 were 81.4%(48/59), 64.4%(38/59) in HCC patients, respectively. The expression intensities of iNOS and p53 were 5 635±1 287, 3 352±873 in HCC patients, respectively. ②MVD was 32.5±2.73 in the tumor tissue of HCC patients. ③The expression of iNOS was correlated with the expression of p53 and MVD in HCC patients (P＜0.05); The expression of p53 was also correlated with the MVD in HCC patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion iNOS and p53 are highly expressed in HCC and may play a key role in angiogenesis of HCC.
目的:探討妊娠相關性宮頸癌的早期診斷、治療和預后。方法:結合文獻回顧分析我院2000年至2007年收治的13例妊娠相關性宮頸癌的診治經過和預后。結果:妊娠相關性宮頸癌分化程度低，癌灶體積大，早期盆腔淋巴結轉移率高，產褥期宮頸癌預后差。結論:宮頸細胞學檢查應列為首次產檢常規項目；妊娠期宮頸原位癌在密切隨診前提下可暫不予處理，待分娩后6~8周活檢確認病變性質后，再采取相應治療措施；新輔助化療同樣可為晚期別的妊娠相關性宮頸癌爭取手術時機。
ObjectiveTo summarize the relationship between shoulder instability and superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion. MethodsThe characteristics of shoulder instability and SLAP lesion were analyzed, and the relationship between them in pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and biomechanics was discussed by referring to relevant domestic and foreign literature. ResultsShoulder instability and SLAP lesion can occur both spontaneously and respectively. SLAP lesion destroys the superior labrum integrity and the long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) insertion, causing excessive humeral head displacement against glenoid, and leading to shoulder instability. While chronic repetitive or acute high-energy traumatic shoulder instability can in turn aggravate SLAP lesion, resulting in expansion and increased degree of the original lesion. Conclusion SLAP lesion destroys mechanisms of shoulder stability, while shoulder instability causes tears of the upper labrum and the LHBT, showing a connection between shoulder instability and SLAP lesion. However, the existing evidence can only demonstrate that shoulder instability and SLAP lesion induce and promote the development of each other, instead of a necessary and sufficient condition. Therefore, the specific causal relationship between the two remains unknown and needs to be further studied.