【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the effects of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) on apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells after transplantation in rats. MethodsSmall intestinal transplantation was performed in SD and Wistar rats. The recipients were divided into three groups: isograft group (Wistar→Wistar group), allograft group (SD→Wistar group) and allograft+cyclosporine A group (SD→Wistar+CsA group). The grafts were harvested on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after operation. All graft samples were subjected to histological examination. The apoptosis of graft epithelial cells was detected by TUNEL method. p38 MAPK was measured by Westernblotting method and serum TNFα was determined by ELISA. ResultsMild, moderate and severe rejection reaction occurred in the SD→Wistar group, it was showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction by TUNEL. In SD→Wistar group, the numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly higher than those of the other two groups （P＜0.01）. The severity of rejection reaction in SD→Wistar+CsA group was less than that of SD→Wistar group and the number of apoptotic cells increased with the severity of the rejection reaction (P＜0.01). The level of serum TNFα varied with the apoptotic degree of small intestinal epithelial cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group （P＜0.01）. The expression of p38 MAPK increased with the number of the apoptotic cells in SD→Wistar group and SD→Wistar+CsA group （P＜0.01）, but there was no evident change in Wistar→Wistar group （Pgt;0.05）. The expression of p38 MAPK and the level of serum TNFα were positively correlated with apoptosis in small intestinal rejection after transplantation （r=0.875， P＜0.01； r=0.837， P＜0.01）. p38 MAPK and TNFα were also positively correlated （r=0.826，P＜0.01）. ConclusionApoptosis plays an important role in small intestinal rejection. p38 MAPK is involved in apoptosis and is an important regulator in signal pathway of cell apoptosis.
Pelvic exenteration has become an important procedure for radical treatment of locally advanced/recurrent rectal cancer, and in recent years, with the advancement of surgical techniques and the improvement of perioperative management ability, the long-term prognosis of patients has been significantly improved. However, the high incidence of perioperative complications seriously impacts the quality of life of patients and the course of postoperative recovery, which remains a major problem for surgeons. Precise surgical levels and appropriate intraoperative position help to fully expose the surgical field, accurately identify major vessels, and reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding. Biological mesh, myocutaneous flap and omentoplasty are common pelvic floor reconstruction methods, and combined repair of pelvic defects by two of them may further reduce the incidence of empty pelvic syndrome. Iliac revascularization could effectively prevent postoperative thrombosis and ventricular septal syndrome. The application of minimally invasive techniques and the implementation of pre-rehabilitation measures might help to reduce postoperative complications. This article reviews the prevention strategies of complications after pelvic exenteration in order to provide some reference for clinical practice and surgical promotion.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current status and the management and prophylaxis of complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy. MethodsThe literatures on laparoscopic gastrectomy in domestic and abroad were reviewed and analyzed combined with our experiences. ResultsThe complications of laparoscopic gastrectomy primary attributed to surgery itself and pneumoperitoneum. Limited field under laparoscopy, loss of threedimensional space and finger touch, new instrument and technology and working conditions increased the difficulty of operation and the possibility of surgical complications. Clear anatomical layer under laparoscopy, accurate dissection of lymph nodes, and digestive tract reconstruction were the basis to reduce the complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy. ConclusionCorrect surgical procedures may reduce the occurrence of complications in laparoscopic gastrectomy.
【Abstract】Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the growth and metastasis of tumor.Methods The literatures of recent years were reviewed.Results NO had double effects on the growth and metastasis of tumor. NO promoted the growth and metastasis by regulating the expression of tumor proliferation gene and inducing tumor angiogenesis. On the other hand, NO had antitumor effects by interfering with the metabolism of tumor cells, inducing the damage of DNA, forming high toxic free radical, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and mediating the antitumor action of endothelial cells and macrophages.Conclusion Selective blockage or induction of synthesis of NO may be a new way for tumor therapy.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and p53 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with angiogenesis. Methods Immunohistochemical method and image analysis technique were used to detect the expression of iNOS and p53 protein in tumor tissue sections of 59 HCC patients. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34 antibody.Results ①The expression rates of iNOS and p53 were 81.4%(48/59), 64.4%(38/59) in HCC patients, respectively. The expression intensities of iNOS and p53 were 5 635±1 287, 3 352±873 in HCC patients, respectively. ②MVD was 32.5±2.73 in the tumor tissue of HCC patients. ③The expression of iNOS was correlated with the expression of p53 and MVD in HCC patients (P＜0.05); The expression of p53 was also correlated with the MVD in HCC patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion iNOS and p53 are highly expressed in HCC and may play a key role in angiogenesis of HCC.
Objective To compare their competence of olfactory epithel ial gl iacytes, olfactory globular nerve layer (OGNL) gl iacytes and SC in repair nerve defect of sciatic nerve, and select the best gl iacytes for repair of peri pheral nerve defect. Methods Olfactory epithel ial gl iacytes, OGNL gl iacytes and SC were extracted from 20 female Wistar rats aged 2-3 months and cultured in vitro for 2 weeks, then purified and condensed for transplantation. Eighty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into groups A, B, C and D (n=20). The left sciatic nerves were excised 25 mm axons and retained epineuriumlumen anastomosed to proximal ends. The culture mediums, SC, OGNL gl iacytes, and olfactory epithel ial gl iacytes weretransplanted into the epineurium lumen of groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Three months postoperatively, the injured sciatic nerve regeneration was evaluated by methods of macroscopic observation, photomicroscope, transmission electron microscope, retro-marked fluorescence transportation distance, the gl ial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were assayed by immunofluorescence, and the myel in basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament (NF) protein were assayed by ELISA. Results The scores of ankle joint were (3.325 ± 0.963), (4.200 ± 1.005), (5.143 ± 0.635) and (5.950 ± 0.154) in groups A, B, C and D, respectively; showing statistically significant difference between groups (P lt; 0.05). The obse vations of gross, sections under microscope and transmission electron microscope showed the regeneration of defect nerve was best in group D, followed by group C, and group B was superior to group A. The transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence was longest in group D, followed by group C, and group B was superior to group A. The concentrations of GFAP and NGF were largest in group D, followed by group C, and group B was superior to group A. The MBP concentrations were (9.817 ± 3.267), (12.347 ± 3.091), (14.937 ± 2.075) and (22.757 ± 0.871) ng/mL in groups A, B, C and D, respectively; showing statistically significant difference between other groups (P﹤0.05) except between group A and group B (P gt; 0.05). And the NF concentrations were (13.869 ± 5.677), (18.498 ± 3.889), (23.443 ± 2.260) and (27.610 ± 1.125) ng/mL in groups A, B, C and D, respectively; showing statistically significant difference between groups (P﹤0.05). Conclusion Olfactory epithel ial gl iacytes, OGNL gl iacytes and SC transplantation could repair injured nerve. The competence of olfactory epithel iums is superior to the OGNL gl iacytes andSC, and the OGNL gl iacytes is better than SC.
【摘要】 目的 用老年大鼠建立一種與人類發病年齡相符的穩定可重復的急性心肌梗死動物模型。 方法 Wistar大鼠經戊巴比妥鈉麻醉后，氣管切開插管，連通呼吸機，開胸后結扎左冠狀動脈前降支。分不同時間點測血流動力學后取出心臟行病理組織學觀察。 結果 成功建立老年大鼠心肌梗死模型并進行病理組織學驗證。 結論 建立老年大鼠心梗模型是可靠的，有助于指導臨床實踐。【Abstract】 Objective To develop a steady and repeatable acute myocardial infarction model in old rats in accordance to human age. Methods Wistar rats were anaesthetized with sodium phenobarbital. After tracheotomy intubation, respiration machine was linked. Left anterior thoracotomy was performed to ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery. After hemodynamic parameters were obtained at various time points, hearts of the rats were taken for pathologic and histological examinations. Results The model of acute myocardial infarction in old rats was established successfully and proved by pathologic and histological staining. Conclusion It is reliable to establish the myocardial infarction model in old rats, which is helpful in guiding clinical practices.
目的:探討妊娠相關性宮頸癌的早期診斷、治療和預后。方法:結合文獻回顧分析我院2000年至2007年收治的13例妊娠相關性宮頸癌的診治經過和預后。結果:妊娠相關性宮頸癌分化程度低，癌灶體積大，早期盆腔淋巴結轉移率高，產褥期宮頸癌預后差。結論:宮頸細胞學檢查應列為首次產檢常規項目；妊娠期宮頸原位癌在密切隨診前提下可暫不予處理，待分娩后6~8周活檢確認病變性質后，再采取相應治療措施；新輔助化療同樣可為晚期別的妊娠相關性宮頸癌爭取手術時機。
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the feasibil ity of applying enzymatic method to prepare decellularizedporcine aorta and to evaluate its biomechanical properties, immunogenicity and cell compatibil ity. Methods 0.1% trypsin- 0.01% EDTA was appl ied to extract cells from porcine aorta under 37 continuously vibrating condition and its histology and microstructure were observed. The thickness, stress-strain curve, ultimate tension stress (UTS) and strain of failure (SOF) were compared before and after decellularization for 48, 96 and 120 hours under uniaxial tensile tests, respectively. The histological change was observed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after the decellularized tissue was implanted subcutaneously in 3 dogs. According to the HE stains and a semi-quantitative Wakitani grading method, gross changes, category and amounts of infiltrated cells and neo-capillaries were compared between pre- and post-decellularization of porcine aortae. Endothel ial cells from canine external jugular vein were seeded onto the decellularized patches to observe the cell compatibil ity. Results Microscopy and electron microscopies examination identified that cell components was completely removed from the fresh porcine aorta and Masson’ strichrome showed that the structure of matrix (fibrins) was maintained intact at 96 hours using the decellularization method. There were no significant differences in the thickness, UTS and SOF between before and after decellularization (P gt; 0.05). However, The UTS values showed a decrease tendency and SOF showed an increase tendency. The stress-strain curve also verified a decrease tendency in mechanical intensity and an increase one in ductil ity after decellularization. After implanting the acellularized matrix subcutaneously in canine, moderately lymphocyte infiltration was seen at the 1st week and the infiltration was replaced by fibroblasts accompanied by neocapillary formation at the 6th week. A semi-quantity histological evaluation showed that there were differences in gross observation, category and the numbers of the infiltrated cells between decellularized and non-decellularized tissues（P lt; 0.05). A cell monolayer was identified by HE staining and scanning electron microscopywhen the endothel ial cells were seeded onto the inner luminal surface of the scaffold, al igned at the same direction on the whole. Conclusion The decellularized porcine aortic scaffold, prepared by trypsin-EDTA extraction under continuously vibrating condition, could meet the requirements of tissue-engineering graft in biomechanical properties, immunogenicity and cell compatibil ity.
Objective To review the progress and application of peripheral nervous microelectrode. Methods The recent articles on peripheral nervous microelectrode were extensively reviewed. The classification, the progress of the peripheral nervous microelectrode and its utilizable prospect in the control of electronic prosthesis were summarized. Results The microelectrodes had favorable functions of selective stimulation and recording. It provided an information transmitting interface between the electric prosthesis and peripheral nerves. Conclusion Peripheral nervous signal is a feasible signal source to control electronic prosthesis.