循環纖維細胞是一類外周血中骨髓來源的間充質祖細胞, 其細胞表面表達造血細胞、單核細胞和成纖維細胞系的三種細胞標記, 參與組織應對損傷和破壞后的反應。根據近年來大量動物實驗的研究, 循環纖維細胞的分化、遷移以及功能提示其在以慢性炎癥和大量膠原沉積為特征的疾病中起著重要作用。盡管這些細胞參與疾病發生發展的具體機制仍然不清楚, 但是近年來積累的臨床資料表明循環纖維細胞計數可以作為慢性肺部疾病( 包括肺纖維化、哮喘) 進展的生物學標志。通過免疫調節來影響循環纖維細胞的分化、遷移以及功能, 進而改善慢性炎癥并減少膠原沉積, 可能成為治療慢性肺部疾病特別是肺纖維化研究的新方向。
Endoscopic technology can reduce the surgical incision, and on the basis of ensuring tumor safety, effectively improve aesthetic outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction. Endoscopic breast-conserving surgery can offer benefits to scar appearance for patients with early breast cancer; however, for patients with tumors in the lower quadrant, the trauma of surgery should be carefully considered. Endoscopic breast reconstruction provides a preferred option for the patients underwent total mastectomy by reshaping a scarless breast. The choice of surgery should be considered by oncological safety, postoperative aesthetic effects, patient’s willingness, and medical conditions. The more high-quality clinical studies are needed to provide reference for decision-making. The development of endoscopic technology will provide better treatment options for patients with breast cancer.
As a common disease in orthopedics, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frequently occurs among young and middle-aged people. Hip joint preserving surgery has attracted more and more attention due to the fact that artificial joint prosthesis has a certain useful life and the rate of hip joint revision is high and the higher risk of many complications. There are a large number of operative methods for preserving hip joint in clinical practice without definitive effectiveness. How to choose appropriate surgical methods at the right time is also a continuous understanding. The pathological process of necrosis of the femur helps to choose the choice of the femoral head necrosis for the treatment of hip operation. Core decompression and impaction bone grafting with simple operative methods can relieve internal pressure of femoral head and pain symptoms, but they cannot remove necrotic bone completely. Hence, they are only used for ONFH in the early stage. Vascularized bone transplantation can fill defects of the former, as it can not only completely remove necrotic bone, but also provide bone graft with nourishing vessels for femoral head, being beneficial to reconstruct the bone structure of femoral head. Subsequently, the application of tantalum rod can provide mechanical support for femoral head to prevent the collapse of femoral head. Hip joint preserving surgery, in recent years, has been performed increasingly, and has obtained improvement in clinical effects. The multiple combination of a variety of its operative methods provides more effective treatments for ONFH. It is an essential notion that hip joint preserving surgery, however with any operative method, should as far as possible select a surgical plan with little trauma, simple methods, and little injury of hip joint bone structure based on ensuring the effectiveness.