The islet transplantation site can be divided into two categories: orthotopic islet transplantation and ectopic islet transplantation. Orthotopic islet transplantation refers to that the insulin secreted and released from the transplanted islet will be metabolized into the liver through the hepatic portal vein system, which does not change the original insulin metabolic pathway, including the portal vein of the liver, the greater omentum. The insulin secreted by the ectopic islet transplantation changes the original metabolic pathway of insulin. The ideal islet transplantation site generally has the following characteristics: high success rate transplantation, high long-term survival rate of graft, simple operation, less trauma, less complications, low risk, easy to repeat detection and so on. This article provides a review of the current research status of each islet transplantation site, in order to provide reference for future related research.
The 2026 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association multisociety guideline on the management of dyslipidemia provides a comprehensive update to the 2018 cholesterol guideline. With the prevention of ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) as its central goal, the new guideline emphasizes earlier identification, earlier intervention, and long-term management of dyslipidemia to reduce lifetime exposure to atherogenic lipoproteins. The PREVENT-ASCVD equations are recommended to replace the previous Pooled Cohort Equations for 10-year and 30-year cardiovascular risk assessment. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goals are re-emphasized in clinical decision-making, and apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) are assigned more important roles in risk refinement. In terms of treatment, statins remain the foundation of lipid-lowering therapy, while the roles of ezetimibe, proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies, bempedoic acid, inclisiran, and apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors are further clarified. This article interprets the background, key updates, primary and secondary prevention strategies, use of special lipid biomarkers, management of hypertriglyceridemia, and positioning of novel lipid-lowering therapies in the 2026 guideline, and discusses their implications for dyslipidemia management in China.