【摘要】 目的 研究大劑量辣椒素對兔肺P物質和降鈣素基因相關肽(CGRP)的影響。方法 將16只成年健康雄性新西蘭大白兔隨機分為兩組:載體組(A)、大劑量辣椒素組(B)。兩組動物取樣前7 d和前6 d分別于頸部皮下注射等量的載體或者辣椒素(20 mg/mL)。大劑量戊巴比妥鈉靜脈麻醉處死動物后立即切取左肺下葉,稱重,勻漿,離心后取上清液置于-80℃冰箱保存待測P物質和CGRP。結果 A組肺組織中P物質的濃度高于B組(Plt;0.05),而CGRP的濃度兩組差異無統計學意義(P＞0.05)。結論 大劑量辣椒素(100 mg/kg)不能完全耗竭兔肺初級感覺神經纖維的神經肽類物質。
目的 探討靜脈留置針封管用肝素誘導的血小板減少癥（HIT）的臨床特點。 方法 分析2010年1月－2011年12月，在1 215例靜脈留置針肝素封管患者中發生的14例HIT患者的臨床表現，血小板（PLT）、HIT抗體的變化，氯吡格雷、阿加曲班、地塞米松等治療的結果。 結果 1 215例患者中：發生HIT 14例，發生率1.15%；HIT并血栓形成綜合征4例，發生率0.33%。14例HIT患者中：經典型12例，占85.7%。出血7例，發生率50.0%，其中1級、2級出血發生率分別為42.9%（6/14）、7.1%（1/14），分別占出血的85.7%（6/7）、14.3%（1/7）。血栓形成4例，發生率28.6%，其中靜脈血栓3例，占血栓形成的75.0%。14例均發生于肝素封管后第1～14天，其中第6～7天8例，占57.1%。PLT降低到最低值的時間為肝素封管后2～10 d內，其中2～5 d內13例，占92.9%。PLT降低的最低值為（1.81～101）×109/L，其中PLT（20～70）×109/L12例，占85.7%；PLT降至最低時下降的比值為51.1%～90.1%，其中50%～80%10例、占71.4%。1例至28 d死亡時血小板沒有恢復至肝素封管前水平，其余13例患者PLT減少持續時間5～13 d，其中5～10 d 10例，占76.9%。14例（100%）HIT患者HIT抗體陽性，其中13例（92.9%）在PLT開始減少時即陽性，1例在PLT減少2周后呈陽性。14例HIT患者中12例（85.8%）痊愈，1例（7.1%）腦血栓后遺癥，1例（7.1%）死于急性肺栓塞。 結論 靜脈留置針封管用肝素可導致HIT，PLT減少及血栓、HIT抗體是診斷的可靠依據。及時停用肝素，必要時抗凝、抗PLT、類固醇激素治療效果好，部分患者進展快，死亡率高。
Objective To investigate the short-term effectiveness of uni-portal non-coaxial spinal endoscopic surgery (UNSES) via crossing midline approach (CMA) in the treatment of free lumbar disc herniation (FLDH). MethodsBetween March 2024 and June 2024, 16 patients with FLDH were admitted and treated with UNSES via CMA. There were 9 males and 7 females with an average age of 55.1 years (range, 47-62 years). The disease duration was 8-30 months (mean, 15.6 months). The pathological segments was L3, 4 in 4 cases, L4, 5 in 5 cases, and L5, S1 in 7 cases. The preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 6.9±0.9 and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) was 57.22%±4.16%. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, and incidence of complications were recorded. The spinal pain and functional status were evaluated by VAS score and ODI, and effectiveness was evaluated according to the modified MacNab criteria. CT and MRI were used to evaluate the effect of nerve decompression. ResultsAll 16 patients underwent operation successfully without any complications. The operation time was 63-81 minutes (mean, 71.0 minutes). The intraoperative bleeding volume was 47.3-59.0 mL (mean, 55.0 mL). The length of hospital stay after operation was 3-4 days (mean, 3.5 days). All patients were followed up 1-3 months, with 15 cases followed up for 2 months and 14 cases for 3 months. The VAS score and ODI gradually decreased over time after operation, and there were significant differences between different time points (P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, the effectiveness was rated as excellent in 12 cases and good in 2 cases according to the modified MacNab criteria, with an excellent and good rate of 100%. CT and MRI during follow-up showed a significant increase in the diameter and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal, indicating effective decompression of the canal. ConclusionWhen using UNSES to treat FLDH, choosing CMA for nerve decompression has the advantages of wide decompression range, large operating space, and freedom of operation. It can maximize the preservation of the articular process, avoid fracture and breakage of the isthmus, clearly display the exiting and traversing nerve root, and achieve good short-term effectiveness.