Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and large difference of segmentation boundary distance in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) image segmentation of knee joint, this paper proposes an ACL image segmentation model by fusing dilated convolution and residual hybrid attention U-shaped network (DRH-UNet). The proposed model builds upon the U-shaped network (U-Net) by incorporating dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field, enabling a better understanding of the contextual relationships within the image. Additionally, a residual hybrid attention block is designed in the skip connections to enhance the expression of critical features in key regions and reduce the semantic gap, thereby improving the representation capability for the ACL area. This study constructs an enhanced annotated ACL dataset based on the publicly available Magnetic Resonance Imaging Network (MRNet) dataset. The proposed method is validated on this dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that the DRH-UNet model achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of (88.01±1.57)% and a Hausdorff distance (HD) of 5.16±0.85, outperforming other ACL segmentation methods. The proposed approach further enhances the segmentation accuracy of ACL, providing valuable assistance for subsequent clinical diagnosis by physicians.
目的 探討靜脈留置針封管用肝素誘導的血小板減少癥(HIT)的臨床特點。 方法 分析2010年1月-2011年12月,在1 215例靜脈留置針肝素封管患者中發生的14例HIT患者的臨床表現,血小板(PLT)、HIT抗體的變化,氯吡格雷、阿加曲班、地塞米松等治療的結果。 結果 1 215例患者中:發生HIT 14例,發生率1.15%;HIT并血栓形成綜合征4例,發生率0.33%。14例HIT患者中:經典型12例,占85.7%。出血7例,發生率50.0%,其中1級、2級出血發生率分別為42.9%(6/14)、7.1%(1/14),分別占出血的85.7%(6/7)、14.3%(1/7)。血栓形成4例,發生率28.6%,其中靜脈血栓3例,占血栓形成的75.0%。14例均發生于肝素封管后第1~14天,其中第6~7天8例,占57.1%。PLT降低到最低值的時間為肝素封管后2~10 d內,其中2~5 d內13例,占92.9%。PLT降低的最低值為(1.81~101)×109/L,其中PLT(20~70)×109/L12例,占85.7%;PLT降至最低時下降的比值為51.1%~90.1%,其中50%~80%10例、占71.4%。1例至28 d死亡時血小板沒有恢復至肝素封管前水平,其余13例患者PLT減少持續時間5~13 d,其中5~10 d 10例,占76.9%。14例(100%)HIT患者HIT抗體陽性,其中13例(92.9%)在PLT開始減少時即陽性,1例在PLT減少2周后呈陽性。14例HIT患者中12例(85.8%)痊愈,1例(7.1%)腦血栓后遺癥,1例(7.1%)死于急性肺栓塞。 結論 靜脈留置針封管用肝素可導致HIT,PLT減少及血栓、HIT抗體是診斷的可靠依據。及時停用肝素,必要時抗凝、抗PLT、類固醇激素治療效果好,部分患者進展快,死亡率高。