【摘要】 目的 探討綜合性醫院內獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征（acquired immune deficiency syndrome，AIDS）患者的肺部表現及其特征。 方法 回顧性分析2006年2月－2009年12月收治的58例AIDS患者肺部病變的臨床資料。 結果 58例患者中男47例，女11例，男女比例為4.27∶1；年齡6~78歲，平均43歲，其中lt;50歲者36例，占62.1%，gt;50歲22例，占37.9%。肺部表現是AIDS患者入住綜合性醫院的常見臨床表現，居各種臨床表現的首位（占55.2%）。主要有彌漫性肺部疾病和肺結核，分別是21例（36.2%）和23例（39.7%），收治的主要科室是呼吸內科38例（65.5%）和傳染科12例（20.7%）；常見的臨床癥狀有發熱、咳嗽、活動后氣促或呼吸困難；其肺部影像學表現多樣，有毛玻璃樣變、彌漫性結節影、斑片影、肺內塊影或肺內空洞、纖維條索影或伴胸水；其常見伴隨癥狀有口腔潰瘍真菌、腹瀉或其他消化道癥狀，及其皮疹、貧血、神經系統癥狀等；同時也有部分患者合并乙型肝炎病毒/丙型肝炎病毒/梅毒等混合感染。 結論 AIDS的肺部病變是綜合性醫院住院AIDS患者的主要表現，提高呼吸科醫師對AIDS患者肺部表現的認識將有利于AIDS的臨床防治。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with pulmonary diseases in comprehensive hospitals. Methods The clinical data of 58 cases of AIDS with pulmonary diseases admitted in our hospital from 2006 to 2009 were analysed retrospectively. Results Among the patients, there were 47 males and 11 females, and the proportion of the number of males to females was 4.27∶1. Their age ranged from 6 to 78 years old, averaging at 43. Thirty-six patients (62.07%) were under 50 years old; and there were 22 patients (37.93%) aged 50 or above. The pulmonary expression was common in AIDS patients admitted into comprehensive hospitals, occupying the first place in various clinical manifestatiosn (55.24%). Pulmonary expressions of AIDS were mainly diffuse pulmonary diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis, which had 21 (36.21%) and 23 (39.66%) cases respectively. Chief treating departments were Department of Respiratory Medicine (65.52%) and Department of Infective Diseases (20.69%). Its common symptoms included fever, cough, shortness of breath after activities or dyspnea; Its pulmonary image had various manifestations including ground-glass opacity (GGO), diffuse nodal shadow, spot and thin piece shadow, pulmonary chunk shadow or cavity, fibre twigs shadow or/and hydrothorax; Its common combined symptoms included oral cavity ulcer fungus infection, diarrhoea or other digestive tract symptoms, and erythra, anemia, and nervus system symptoms, etc. There were still some other cases of combined viral hepatitis type B, type C, or syphilis. Conclusion Pulmonary diseases of AIDS are the main expressions of patients with AIDS in comprehensive hospitals. It will be beneficial to clinical prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS to heighten the knowledge of respiratory physicians on pulmonary expressions of patients with AIDS.