Objective To summarize the mechanism and research progress of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in various liver diseases and related drug development, providing theoretical basis for further mechanism exploration and clinical application. Method The literatures on the mechanism of KLF2 in liver diseases at home and abroad were collected and summarized. Results KLF2 was widely distributed and had various functions in human body, mainly regulating the growth, differentiation and function of endothelial cells, inhibiting pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression, and participating in important physiological processes such as liver inflammation, oxidative stress and thrombosis, and affecting the occurrence and development of various liver diseases. The regulation of KLF2 expression by statins had been widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. Conclusion KLF2 regulates the expression of related molecules through a variety of pathways and affects the functions of various cells in the liver, which is the focus of research on improving liver injury.
目的 了解老年2型糖尿病動脈僵硬度與踝臂指數（ABI）對評價外周動脈硬化的價值。 方法 2010年1月－3月，應用超聲、回聲跟蹤技術和動脈硬化檢測儀檢測80例老年2型糖尿病患者（觀察組）和40例正常老年人（對照組）的頸總動脈內中膜厚度（IMT）、僵硬系數（β）、脈搏波傳導速度（PWVβ）、ABI及動脈斑塊情況。 結果 與對照組比較，觀察組患者的IMT增厚、β增高、PWVβ增快、ABI降低及動脈斑塊發生率增多，差異均具有統計學意義（P＜0.001）。 結論 老年2型糖尿病可導致IMT增厚、動脈僵硬度增高、PWVβ增快、ABI降低及更易發生動脈粥樣硬化斑塊，這些參數可以預測外周動脈粥樣硬化的程度，利用彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀和動脈硬化檢測儀可以較容易得到這些參數，是評價外周動脈粥樣硬化病變一種簡便、易行，有臨床實際意義的方法和手段。
ObjectiveTo comprehend the impact of perineural invasion (PNI) on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. MethodThe latest literature relevant researches on the mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PNI in CRC both domestically and internationally was reviewed. ResultsThe mechanisms underlying PNI involved nerve growth factors, chemokines, and other signaling molecules, which regulated the interactions between the nerves and cancer cells to promote the tumor invasion and metastasis. The diagnostic approaches primarily relied on the histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry and radiomics. Therapeutically, the PNI-positive patients benefited from surgical intervention in combination with neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Targeting the neural pathways and immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 inhibitors) showed potentials in reducing neural invasion and tumor progression. Emerging strategies that disrupted tumor-nerve interactions also represented promising therapeutic avenues. The PNI was recognized as a critical prognostic indicator for CRC, providing guidance in risk assessment and individualized treatment planning. ConclusionsPNI serves as an important indicator for evaluating the prognosis of CRC, it has a guiding value for therapy decision-making. Further research of molecular mechanisms and diagnostic methods relevant PNI can potentially yield more effective therapeutic options and is expected to improve prognosis of patients with CRC.