目的:探討人—感染豬鏈球病患者發生心理問題的原因及對策。方法：對33例人—感染豬鏈球菌病患者存在的心理問題進行回顧性分析。結果:患者存在緊張恐懼、焦慮多疑、悲觀失望及過分依賴的問題,通過針對性的心理護理,33例患者身心康復,痊愈出院。結論:對人感染豬鏈球茵病患者在實施準確及時的治療和護理措施的同時。全面準確評估患者情況,加強心理護理,進行心理疏導,給予有針對性心理干預措施,可有效的促進患者身心健康的恢復,促進疾病治愈。
目的:分析犬傷暴露后到我院犬傷門診就診病例的流行病學相關因素,為制定狂犬病的防治策略提供科學依據。方法:采用描述性統計方法根據犬傷門診記錄,對就診患者的年齡、性別、發病時間、暴露級別、傷口處理、疫苗接種和犬傷Ⅲ度暴露者狂犬免疫球蛋白的接種及傷人犬只情況等相關因素進行統計。結果:2008年我院犬傷門診共接診2 589例,咬傷人犬只的接種率為46.26 %。就診病例的年齡有兩個高峰,分別是0～10歲組和21～30歲組。就診時間除1～2月和11～12月病例較少外,全年各月份均在198～342人之間。犬傷暴露后,只有2.16 %病例及時、正確地處理了傷口。100%的犬傷暴露者進行了狂犬疫苗的注射。犬傷Ⅲ度暴露中,狂犬免疫球蛋白的使用僅為28.4%。結論:加強犬類動物的管理,對家犬實行免疫,加強對低年齡組兒童的保護。做好狂犬病的防治和知識的宣傳工作,合理設置犬傷醫學門診。加大政府投入力度提供全程、免費接種服務。
目的:探討甲型H1N1流感患者安全轉運中的消毒措施和防護流程。方法:對我國首例甲型H1N1流感患者轉運的各個環節,包括工作人員的個人防護、車輛要求、物品消毒規范和操作流程進行分析。結果:應對首例甲型H1N1流感突發疫情的能力得到提高,轉運順利,安全將該例甲型H1N1流感患者接回醫院,在轉運過程中無交叉感染情況發生。結論:嚴格的消毒措施、規范的著裝,以及有效的監督等措施,是我們面對突發疫情應急工作任務時,防止防止交叉感染的關鍵。
Objective To systematically review the risk factors for death in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods The CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, EMbase and CINAHL databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the risk factors for death in children with TBM from inception to October 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 15 studies involving 2 597 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that male (OR=2.41, 95%CI 1.61 to 3.61, P<0.01), no history of BCG vaccination (OR=3.74, 95%CI 1.96 to 7.12, P<0.01), TBM stage (stage Ⅲ) (OR=2.04, 95%CI 1.26 to 3.28, P<0.01), HIV infection (OR=3.28, 95%CI 1.20 to 8.93, P=0.02), convulsion (OR=3.61, 95%CI 3.31 to 3.94, P<0.01), disturbance of consciousness (OR=3.58, 95%CI 2.40 to 5.34, P<0.01), cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration increased (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.39 to 2.51, P<0.01), hydrocephalus (OR=2.44, 95%CI 1.60 to 3.71, P<0.01) and short hospitalization (OR=2.89, 95%CI 2.05 to 4.06, P<0.01) were risk factors for death in children with TBM. Under 5 years old, negative PPD skin test, positive meningeal irritation sign, malnutrition and history of contact with TB may not be associated with the death of TBM in children. Conclusion Male, no history of BCG vaccination, TBM stage (stage Ⅲ), HIV infection, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness, cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration increased, hydrocephalus and short hospitalization are risk factors for death in children with TBM. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.