Objective To analyze the advances of cancer stem cell (CSC) in recent years, and to propose a prospect for CSC research and cancer therapy. Methods Articles about important advances of CSC theory and cancer therapy were reviewed, and then selected and summarized. Results In 2001, CSC was first put forward as a concept, till now, which has been confirmed in many tissues. In recent years, efforts were dedicated to such topics including: identification of CSC in sol id tumors, the origin of CSC, its niche and growth mechanism, cancer therapy, etc. According to the CSC theory, traditional therapeutic methods have deficiencies, and new treatment targeting CSC may thoroughly el iminate tumors. Conclusion At present, CSC theory is still controversial, while it proposed revolutionary methods and directions for the therapy of cancer.
Object ive To summar ize recent advance in the appl icat ion and research of ar t i f icial chordae tendineae. Methods The cl inical and experimental research l iterature was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The follow-up results showed that artificial chordae tendineae replacement was superior to other operation methods in valve repair. But, it was compl icated and difficult-to-learn. In recent years with the development of many surgical skills and new techniques, good cl inical results were achieved. Conclusion With the development of surgical equi pment, chordae material, and implanting skills, artificial chordae tendineae implanting will be easier and the scope of appl ication will be larger.
Healthcare-associated infection management has advanced rapidly in recent years. With the development of more standards and guidelines, infection control measures become more standardized and evidence-based. Evidence-based measures are increasingly applied in infection control, which promote more studies on the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. Furthermore, more new ideas of infection control have emerged, with old ones being challenged. The hand hygiene reform, multidrug-resistant organisms, and surgical site infections become the hot topics in recent years. In addition, whole-genome sequencing also provides more bases for understanding pathogen transmission in hospitals. Based on the high-quality studies published in recent years, this opinion review discusses these hot topics in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections.
ObjectiveTo explore the related factors for postoperative fever in patients with ovarian mature teratoma. MethodsA case-control study was conducted, and the subjects were patients with ovarian mature teratoma who had undergone surgical treatment in the hospital where the author works during September 2010 to August 2013. Eighty-eight cases diagnosed as ovarian mature teratoma with postoperative fever were included in the case group and 100 cases diagnosed as ovarian mature teratoma without postoperative fever were included in the control group. The medical records of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsHospital stay of the case group and the control group was (5.68±1.53) and (3.28±1.18) days, respectively. The laparotomy ratio was 38.64% (34/88) and 20.00% (20/100); the tumor diameter was (6.65±3.07) cm and (5.33±1.87) cm, respectively. The difference in the above indicators between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, body temperature before surgery, preoperative CA199, preoperative tumor torsion, preoperative antibiotics, tumor characteristics (bone, multi-room, bilateral), operative time, blood loss, pelvic adhesions, placing drainage tubes between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionPostoperative fever of ovarian mature teratoma is related to surgical approach and tumor size. Hospital stay is associated with postoperative fever. We should strengthen the gynecological examination. Early detection and reasonable choice of surgical procedures can reduce the incidence of postoperative fever, thus shorten the hospital stay and save medical resources.
ObjectiveTo investigate the hotspots from researches on imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in recent five years. MethodsThe bibliographies from research literatures on imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor from 2010 to 2015 in PubMed database were downloaded. The Bicomb 2.0 bibliographies analysis software was used to count high-frequency of Mesh major topics (MJMEs). SPSS 22.0 statistical software was applied for clustering analysis with MJMEs, then to get the topic hotspots. ResultsA total of 357 literatures were screened out during the years of 2010-2015. The MJMEs which frequency > 13 were 28. Taken the 28 MJMEs into clustering analysis, then three research hotspots were clustered. ConclusionResearches on imaging of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in recent five years are mainly in terms of imaging techniques, a comparative study of pathology and endoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration, imaging and disease treatment.
This is the sixth paper in the evidence-based medicine glossary series. In this paper, We mainly introduced the concept of research synthesis, systematic review and meta-analysis and review developing process of these glossary.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for spinal implants manufacture. MethodsThe recent original literature concerning technology, materials, process, clinical applications, and development direction of 3D printing technique in spinal implants was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsAt present, 3D printing technologies used to manufacture spinal implants include selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. Titanium and its alloys are mainly used. 3D printing spinal implants manufactured by the above materials and technology have been successfully used in clinical. But the problems regarding safety, related complications, cost-benefit analysis, efficacy compared with traditional spinal implants, and the lack of relevant policies and regulations remain to be solved. Conclusion3D printing technique is able to provide individual and customized spinal implants for patients, which is helpful for the clinicians to perform operations much more accurately and safely. With the rapid development of 3D printing technology and new materials, more and more 3D printing spinal implants will be developed and used clinically.
ObjectiveTo review the application status and research progress of alginate dressings. MethodsThe related home and abroad literature was reviewed, and the relevant product standards and regulations were summarized. ResultsAlginate dressings have been widely used in clinical because of the characteristics of anti-infection and promoting wound healing. It is mainly used on the wound surface and filled in the wound. Pure alginate dressing is limited in promoting wound healing. A large number of studies are devoted to promoting the activity with other polymer composite to get better dressing. In addition, the industry standards and regulation of alginate dressing products are also gradually improved and standardized. ConclusionAlginate dressing, as an advanced bio-dressing, whose effectiveness has been confirmed, its derivative dressings are also continuously expanding.
In 2014, the new concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) was first proposed by cryptogenic stroke/ESUS International Working Group. In the past 5 years, related clinical researches of ESUS have been deepened, and the results of many large clinical studies have been published. However, the guiding significance of this new concept to clinical practice is still controversial. By reviewing the background, diagnostic criteria, assessment, common emboli sources, anticoagulant therapy research advances and related limitations of ESUS, and analyzing the possible causes of negative anticoagulant therapy results, we explored the clinical value of this new classification.