• <table id="gigg0"></table>
  • west china medical publishers
    Author
    • Title
    • Author
    • Keyword
    • Abstract
    Advance search
    Advance search

    Search

    find Author "QU Jieming" 13 results
    • Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Influenza A (H1N1)Infection

      糖皮質激素在甲型H1N1流感中的應用探討

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:53 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • A Puzzle in the Therapy of Nosocomial Infection:Colonization or Infection

      醫院感染是指住院患者在醫院內獲得的感染,包括在住院期間發生的感染和在醫院內獲得出院后發生的感染。重癥加強治療病房( ICU) 是醫院感染的高發科室, 其中又以肺部感染最為常見, 導致患者死亡率增加及治療成本上升。隨著醫療技術的發展, 器官移植、有創檢查及治療手段的不斷推廣, 以及廣譜抗生素、糖皮質激素和免疫抑制劑在臨床治療中的廣泛應用, 下呼吸道感染病原菌的種類不斷發生變遷, 由多重耐藥菌( MDR) 及真菌引起的感染不斷增多, 成為下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌之一。在大多數情況下, 這類條件致病菌在合適的部位定植而不引起感染, 當機體因各種因素造成的抵抗力下降、菌群失調或天然屏障結構破壞時可引起感染發生。 由于定植菌的致病性是相對的, 臨床上無法通過患者的臨床表現經驗診斷至屬或種, 實驗室亦無法單純依賴培養鑒定技術確定其是感染病原菌還是定植菌。在呼吸機相關性肺炎( VAP) 患者中, 下呼吸道的真菌定植率較高, 但真正出現真菌性肺炎的患者比例并不高, 以致對患者的結局無顯著影響。如果僅僅根據真菌定植結果制定治療方案就容易造成抗真菌藥物的過度使用。因此, 判斷肺部感染的病原學是定植還是感染成為目前醫院感染治療中的難點問題之一。

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:56 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Short-course antibiotic therapy for pneumonia

      細菌耐藥是一個全球性的難題,而濫用抗生素是導致細菌耐藥的重要原因。合理使用抗生素的核心包括以下三點:①選擇合適的抗生素(有效、經濟、毒副作用小和使用方便);②采取合適的給藥方法(給藥劑量、間期和途徑);③采取合適的療程。其中抗生素的療程究竟多長最合適是目前研究最薄弱的環節,同時也是當前和今后抗感染領域研究的熱點[1]。

      Release date:2016-09-14 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

      肺隱球菌病(PC)是一種由隱球菌感染引起的急性或亞急性肺部真菌病。好發于免疫功能低下者。在HIV感染者中,PC的發生率為5%~10%。非HIV感染者,PC發病的危險因素包括:結節病、關節炎、Crohn’s病、結締組織病、腎小球腎炎、糖尿病、腫瘤、實體器官移植受者、接受抗腫瘤壞死因子α治療、接受激素治療或免疫抑制劑治療等。約15%的PC患者沒有基礎疾病,屬于免疫功能健全者。有研究發現免疫功能健全的PC發病與患者吸煙史、既往激素治療史和曾有腫瘤史相關[1],這可能與這類患者存在自然免疫缺陷有關[2]。患者沒有任何肺原發病癥和肺結構異常而形成PC感染稱為原發性隱球菌型肺炎,約50%是發生在免疫功能健全的患者中,大多數患者肺為單一受累器官。

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Application of Clinical Pathway for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

      社區獲得性肺炎( CAP) 是嚴重威脅人類健康的常見疾病之一, 但在其診斷和治療仍存在相當大的差異。臨床路徑( clinical pathway, CP) 是一種新的臨床診療規范管理方式,近年來開始應用于CAP 的臨床診治, 陸續有協會組織開始制定關于CAP 的臨床路徑, 并應用于臨床。

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Hot topics on the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia

      Hot topics on the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia, including clinical diagnostic criteria, evaluation of biomarkers, ventilator associated events, clinical pulmonary infection score, ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, microbiological diagnosis and duration of therapy were discussed. The viewpoints in the guidelines of America, Europe and Japan were also reviewed.

      Release date:2018-01-23 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Assessment on Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis between Infectious and Non-infectious Pulmonary Diseases

      對臨床上一個擬診肺部感染的患者, 臨床醫生通常依據癥狀、白細胞總數和分類計數, 以及胸部影像學檢查作出診斷, 以期盡早開始治療, 此時抗生素的選擇只能是經驗性的, 等治療后隨訪觀察胸片上的浸潤影有無吸收才能確定此浸潤影是否為感染性的。換言之, 臨床癥狀及影像學檢查對于鑒別感染性和非感染性肺部疾病缺乏特異性, 而肺部感染的診斷多屬于回顧性的。 目前, 有一些生物標志物用于幫助判斷肺部浸潤影為感染性或非感染性, 主要包括C 反應蛋白( C-reactive protein,CRP) 、降鈣素原( procalcitonin, PCT) 和可溶性髓樣細胞觸發受體1( soluble triggering receptor expressed onmyeloid cells-1,sTREM-1) 等。

      Release date:2016-09-14 11:25 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Clincal Management of Pseudmonas Aeruginasa Pulmonary Infection:Difficulties,Insuffciency,and Excrss

      銅綠假單胞菌( Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 屬于非發酵類假單胞菌, 廣泛存在于自然界中, 也可廣泛定植于人體消化道、呼吸道、皮膚及泌尿道等部位。20 世紀70 年代, 銅綠假單胞菌僅被認為是導致粒細胞缺乏患者發生致死性菌血癥的病原體, 而到上世紀末及本世紀初, 銅綠假單胞菌已是醫院獲得性感染的主要病原體[ 1] 。在皮膚黏膜發生破壞( 如氣管插管、燒傷、機械通氣) , 免疫功能低下( 如中性粒細胞缺乏、細胞免疫功能缺陷) , 以及菌群失調的患者, 銅綠假單胞菌感染的發生率相當高。汪復等[ 2] 對國內主要地區的12所教學醫院臨床分離細菌資料的統計發現在所分離的革蘭陰性菌中銅綠假單胞菌占16. 4% , 僅次于大腸埃希菌。在銅綠假單胞菌臨床感染率不斷增加的同時, 銅綠假單胞菌耐藥率逐漸增加, 特別是耐多藥( MDR) 或者泛耐藥( PDR) 銅綠假單胞菌的出現, 給臨床治療銅綠假單胞菌感染帶來了更大的挑戰。本文主要對目前臨床上銅綠假單胞菌肺部感染治療中的難點及臨床處理的過度與不足進行闡述。

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:54 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Three Cases of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma and Review of the Literature

      Objective To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary lymphoma. Methods A retrospective review of primary pulmonary lymphoma cases at a single institution from 2006 to 2008 was performed, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare disease. The diagnosis was difficult because of the lack of specific characteristics. The most common symptoms were cough and fever. X-ray feature included solitary or multiple nodules and consolidation. Definite diagnosis was made by pathologic and immunohistchemical examinations. The recommended first-line therapy is chemotherapy. Conclusion Appropriate invasive biopsy is necessary for early diagnosis of primary pulmonary lymphoma

      Release date:2016-08-30 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    • Risk factors of extubation failure in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation

      Objective To assess the risk factors associated with extubation failure in patients who had successfully passed a spontaneous breathing trial.Methods Patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for over 48 h were enrolled in the study,they were admitted into Emergency ICU of Zhongshan Hospital during May 2006 and Oct.2007.A spontaneous breathing trial was conducted by a pressure support of 7 cm H2O for 30 min.Clinical data were prospectively recorded for the patient receiving full ventilatory support before and after the spontaneous breathing trial.Regarding the extubation outcome,patients were divived into extubation success group and extubation failure group.Results A total of 58 patients with a mean(±SD) age of 69.4±12.7 years passed spontaneous breathing trial and were extubated.Extubation failure occurred in 11 patients(19%).The univariate analysis indicated the following associations with extubation failure:elderly patients(78.1±7.9 years vs 67.4±15.1years,Plt;0.05),higher rapid shallow breathing index(RSBI) value(83±12 breaths·min-1·L-1 vs 68±19 breaths·min-1·L-1,Plt;0.05)and excessive respiratory tract secretions(54.5% vs 21.3%,Plt;0.05).Conclusion Among routinely measured clinical variables,elderly patients,higher RSBI value and amount of respiratory tract secretions were the valuable index for predicting extubation failure despite a successful spontaneous breathing trial.

      Release date:2016-09-14 11:57 Export PDF Favorites Scan
    2 pages Previous 1 2 Next

    Format

    Content

  • <table id="gigg0"></table>
  • 松坂南