Objective To diversify the methods of human physiology teaching for medical students at Chang Gung University College of Medicine. Methods We divided the grades of semester evaluation for physiology into two parts: 70% for lecture-examinations, 30% for non-examination-associated learning model including oral presentation of a scientific paper (conference), problem-based learning (PBL) performance, and quizzes. Results By a questionnaire survey at the end of the semester, we found that students were willing to spend time preparing non-examination-associated learning model; and from their own evaluations, the effectiveness of non-examination-associated learning was comparable to lecture-examination methods. Conclusion We conclude that from this analysis of students’ learning attitude and actual time (in hours per week) spent in each learning models, non-examination-associated learning model is well accepted and appeares to be as effective as traditional examination-forced study.
The wister rats with cirrhotic portal hypertension induced by carbon tetrachloride/ethanal were divided into four groups;①distal splenocaval shunt(DSCS);②portal azygous devascularization (PAD);③mesocaval shunt side to side (MCS);and ④the conrol. Oral glucose toleronce test (OGTT), and glucagon loading test (GLT) were performed on them. The results revealed that the hepatic reserve function of the rats with DSCS and PAD had significant difference as compared with the control (Ｐ＜0.05), but that of the rat with MCS had no significant difference as compared with the control (Ｐ＞0.05).The present study indicates that the hepatic reserve function of rats with DSCS and PAD is better than that of the rats with MCS.
ObjectiveCell sheet technology(CST) demonstrates the innovation and advantage by overcoming some immanent shortcomings of traditional tissue engineering. To review the research progress of CST in oral tissue engineering. MethodsThe related home and abroad literature about CST and its application in stomatology was extensively reviewed and analyzed. ResultsCompared to the traditional tissue engineering technology, CST has the features of high seeding density, abundant matrix, good biological compatibility, and perfect operability, which can improve the survival rate of cell transplantation and promote functional reconstruction. It is reported that CST has been successfully used in the following fields, repair and reconstruction of periodontium, soft tissues of oral mucosa, and bones in maxillofacial region. ConclusionWith the development of CST and combined with the traditional tissue engineering technologies, it will promote the tissue engineering further progress in stomatology.
Objective To assess the evidence of Cochrane systematic reviews relating to oral hygiene care. Methods Issue 3, 2008 of The Cochrane Library was searched for systematic reviews relating to oral hygiene care. Results Four systematic reviews with the forty-five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The methods of forty-five studies were of lower quality with high risk of various biases. Conclusion There is insufficient evidence to support oral hygiene care. The overall quality of RCTs about oral hygiene care is generally low. Analysis of the included trials shows some trials have no clear description of randomization methods, allocation concealment, sample size calculation, and intention-to-treat analysis. To improve the quality of reporting of RCTs, Clinical Trial Registration and Revised consolidated standards of reporting trial (CONSORT) statement should be introduced as guidelines into the trial design.
Objective?To explore the glucometabolic state of angiographically documented inpatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but without diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods?The study recruited 449 patients, who were performed a coronary angiography as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when admitted in the cardiovascular medical ward in our hospital from January 2007 to May 2009. According to the results of coronary angiography, the patients were divided into a coronary artery disease (CAD) group and a non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD) group, and abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) status was compared between the two groups. Results?The random plasma glucose (RPG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) had no significant differences (P values were 0.249 and 0.444, respectively) in the two groups, while the OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) was much higher in the CAD group, with a significant difference (Plt;0.001) compared with the non-CAD group. The CAD group had a prevalence of AGM up to 74.0%, of which 32.1% were newly diagnosed DM patients, and 39.0% were impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) patients, much higher than that in the non-CAD group, respectively, there being a significant difference (P=0.006). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of IGT and newly diagnosed DM was 1.6 times (OR=1.603, 95% CI 1.023 to 2.512, P=0.04) and 2.3 times (OR=2.292, 95% CI 1.391 to 3.777, P=0.001) as much as that in non-CAD patients, respectively; when adjusted for the factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, BMI, hs-CRP, and other factors, CAD patients still had a higher risk of newly diagnosed DM (OR=1.852, 95%CI 1.064 to 3.223, P=0.029), compared with the non-CAD patients. Conclusion?AGM is common in the admitted patients with CAD but undiagnosed diabetes, most of whom need an OGTT to be diagnosed timely and accurately. OGTT should be considered to be a routine inspection item to diagnose AGM in the inpatients with CAD; if possible, all hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease should be performed an OGTT routinely.
Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of vascularized free peroneal composite flaps for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects. Methods From November 1999 to December 2002, 28 cases of oral maxillofacial defects were reconstructed with vascularized free peroneal composite flaps, with fibulacutaneous flap in 21 cases and with fibulamyocutaneous flap in 7 cases. Three cases received insertion of dental implants into the fibula flap. The flap size was 3.0 cm×5.5 cm to 8.0 cm ×12.0 cm; the fibula length was 5.5 cm to 16.0 cm. Results Of the 28 flaps reconstructed, 24 survived,3 necrosed partially and 1 necrosed completely. All the 5 implants survived andachieved good bone integration in 3 cases. Twenty-six cases were followed up 1-36 months with an average of 18.5 months, the facial appearance and the vocal function were satisfactory in 23 cases. Conclusion Vascularized peroneal flap has many advantages and is one of the optimal flaps for reconstruction of oral maxillofacial defects.
ObjectivesTo explore the effect of preoperative and early postoperative oral carbohydrate on the prognosis of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsA total of 184 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2019 to July 2019 were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups: the drinking group (n=93) and the non-drinking group (n=91) using a random number table method. The drinking group drank 5 mL/kg carbohydrate clear drink 2 hours before surgery and began to take carbohydrate orally 4 hours after surgery. The non-drinking group was not allowed to drink for 8 hours before surgery and began to drink after exhaustion. The time to first flatus, first defecation in the two groups were observed. The incidence of complications (including aspiration, postoperative intestinal obstruction, anastomotic leakage, incision infection, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pulmonary infection), postoperative length of stay and total cost of stay in the two groups were observed.ResultsCompared with the non-drinking group, the time to first flatus (Z=?8.009, P<0.001), the time to first defecation in the drinking group was significantly shorter (Z=?6.263, P<0.001), the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower (χ2=12.603, P<0.001), the length of postoperative hospitalization was shorter (t=?5.891, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in total hospital expenses between the two groups (t=?1.860, P=0.065).ConclusionsOral administration of carbohydrate before and early after colorectal cancer surgery is safe and feasible, which can significantly reduce the overall complications, shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay, and promote the rapid recovery of patients.
Objective To compare and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 30ug ethinyl estradiol /150ug desogestrel versus 30ug ethinyl estradiol /75ug gestodene. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1990 to 2007), EMBASE (1990 to 2007), POPLINE (1990 to 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2007), EMBASE (1990 to 2007) and The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2007). Four relevant journals were also hand searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ethinyl estradiol with desogestrel were collected. The quality of the included studies was assessed and data were collected by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses were performed with The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.10 software.Results Six studies involving 3,143 patients were included. Meta-analyses found no significant difference in contraceptive effect between 30ug ethinyl estradiol /150ug desogestrel and 30ug ethinyl estradiol /75ug gestodene (Pgt;0.05). During six months of follow-up, patients receiving 30ug ethinyl estradiol /150ug desogestrel had a higher incidence of irregular bleeding (RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.27 to 1.78; Plt;0.00001); and a lower incidence of vomiting (RR 0.18, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.78; P=0.02]; but higher incidences of breast tenderness, nervousness, headache, chloasma, edema, dyspareunia and varicose (RR 1.23 to 2.69; 95%CI 1.02 to 6.37, Plt;0.05). No significant differences were noted in discontinuation between 30ug ethinyl estradiol /150ug desogestrel and 30ug ethinyl estradiol /75ug gestodene. Conclusion Ethinyl estradiol was similar to desogestrel in terms of the contraceptive effect, while the use of desogestrel might be associated with less irregular bleeding and other common adverse events. As the existing data have a high risk of bias, the current evidence is insufficient and further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.
Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of any form of therapy compared with glucocorticoid for the treatment of oral lichen planus. Method The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2007), MEDLINE (1966-2007), EMbase (1966-2007), CBM (1978-2005), CNKI (1989-2007), and VIP (1989-2007) were searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed for the results of homogeneous studies by RevMan 4.2.9 software.Results Finally, 14 studies involving 9 therapy methods were included. Four studies were concerned with cyclosporine.We performed a meta-analysis of 3 studies. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference in the curative effect of cyclosporine and the steroid with RR 2.94 and 95%CI 1.03 to 9.97. The results showed that the curative effect of total glucosides of paenia plus topical application of triamcinolone acetonide (RR0.21, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.44),tacrolimu (RR 0.18 and 95%CI 0.05 to 0.72), and pimecrolimus (WMD –0.50 and 95%CI –0.85 to –0.15) were better than glucocorticoid. There was a statistically significant difference between fluocinolone acetonide and retinoic acid in terms of curative effect with RR 3.20 and 95%CI 1.03 to 9.97. The curative effect of mesalazine (RR 0.42 and 95%CI 0.05 to 3.54), Mycostatin paste plus desamethasone paste (RR 1.23 and 95%CI 0.93 to 1.61), triamcinolone acetonide plus vitamin B12 ( RR 0.50 and 95%CI 0.05 to 4.94), chitin (RR 1.30 and 95%CI 0.86 to 1.96) was similar with that of glucocorticoid.Conclusion Statistical analysis showed the curative effect of total glucosides of paenia combined with triamcinoloneacetonide is better than glucocorticoid. Due to the mistakes of theincluded studies designs,,further high-quality,largescale randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this therapy method.
Objective To evaluate the changes in oral health knowledge, behavior and attitude of undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine before and after the course “Oral Preventive Medicine”, and to provide empirical evidence for the teaching reform of preventive medicine undergraduate programs, thereby enhancing teaching effectiveness and the significance of the course. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine at the West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University in 2024, before and after the compulsory course “Oral Preventive Medicine”. Results A total of 124 undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine were surveyed. After the course, undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine had changed their oral related knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. The correctness of the answers and the usage rate of Bass brushing technique were both increased; The self-evaluation of oral health status (χ2=5.017, P=0.025) and brushing effect (χ2=22.200, P<0.001) were both improved; The perceived benefits of brushing (t=2.515, P=0.013) and behavioral intention to brush teeth (t=5.381, P<0.001) were both improved, while the perceived barriers to brushing was reduced (t=?3.999, P<0.001). Conclusions The course “Oral Preventive Medicine” effectively enhanced the oral health literacy of undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine, confirming its practical value in undergraduate teaching reform. It provides an important reference for optimizing the curriculum system of preventive medicine, has positive significance for cultivating public health talents with comprehensive health literacy.