PURPOSE:Studying the multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype occurring in retinoblastoma and its mechanism. METHODS:Using the procedure of stepwise increase in drug concentrations to obtain a retinoblastoma subline which resistant to 600ng/ml vincristine (HXO-RB/VCR). Characteristics of this drug-resistant cell line were investigated by cell counting,drugcontents determinatin,drug sensitivity evaluation and radiation sensitivity test. RESULTS:This cell line was cross-resistant to VDS,MMC VP16，ADM ,DDP,CBP,but not resistant to BCNU and 5-Fu. It was proved to be collaterally sensitive to MTX,and the response to 60Co gamma;-ray was modified slightly in HXO-RB/VCR cell line. Intracellular levels of VCR was much higher in HXO-RB44 cells than in the resistant subline. Those cross-resistances can be reversed by verapamil partly. CONCLUSIONS:MDR and radiation resistance of retinoblastoma can be induced by exposing to VCR and reversed by verapamil partly. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 6-9）
Objective To evaluate the characteristics of two angiographic manifestation of ocular fundus in choroidal metastatic carcinomas. Methods Fundus fluoresein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed on 17 patients (24 eyes) with choroidal metastatic carcinomas, and the characteristics of these two kinds of angiograms were analyzed and compared each other. Results According to various clinical features, e.g., locations of metastatic tumor in ocular fundus, disease course, and different kinds of original malignancy, the findings of ocular fundus were divided into (1) Isolation type: FFA showed pinpoint and mottled leaks against hypofluorescence background, increased and confluent fluoresecence in later stage. ICGA showed the similar images as in FFA, except later appearance of leaks and the choroidal vesseles could be seen beneath the thin metastatic tumor mass.(2) Diffusion type: Tumors showed hypofluorescence in early stage and uneven ill-defined hyperfluorescence both in FFA and in ICGA. (3) Small metastatic carcinomas: Hypofluorescence in early stage and mild mottled hyperfluorescence were found in FFA as well as in ICGA. Conclusion Both FFA and ICGA are helpful in the diagnosis of choroidal metastatic tumors and ICGA may be conducive if there are some troubles in diagnosing the tumors with FFA. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 92-95)
PURPOSE: To produce monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens expressed of retinoblastoma-derived tissue culture cell line SO-RBS0. METHODS:Hybridization was performed and the specificity of the antibody was tested by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS:Two hybridomas secreted specific monoclonal antibody against retinoblastoma cells were produced ,and the isotype of the monoclonal antibody was IgG2a CONCLUION:The monoclonal antibodies were specific and highly active against retinoblastoma cells and might be used as immunoconjugate.
Objective To evaluate the results of chest wallreconstruction (CWR) in patients who underwent chest wall tumor resection accompanying huge chest wall defect. Methods From Jan. 1998 to Mar. 2003, 31 patients underwent CWR. Among them, 20 were male and 11 female. The age ranged from 8 to 72 years.The indications for resection were primary chest wall tumor in 21 patients, lung cancer with invasion of chest wall 6, recurrence of breast cancer 2, radiationnecrosis 1 and skin cancer 1. The number of rib resected was 2~7 ribs (3.6 in average). The defect was 20~220 cm2 (97.1 cm2 in average). Concomitant resectionwas done in 13 patients, including lobectomy or wedge resection of lung 10, partial resection of diaphragm 2, and partial sternectomy 1. Seven patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction alone(latissimus dorsi+greater omentum, latissimusdorsi myocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi muscle flap), 5 patients bony reconstruction alone(Prolen web), and simultaneous BR and STR were performed in 19 patients(latissimus dorsi, pectorails major, latissimus dorsi+fascia lata, and Prolene web). Results Three patients (9.7%) developed postoperative complications. Postoperative survival period was 6~57 months with a median of 22 months. Conclusion A favorable clinical outcome can be achieved by CWR for the patients with hugechest wall defects that result from resection of chest wall tumors.
Objective To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on tumor angiogenesis, and its usage in tumor therapy.Methods The recent literatures about VEGF and angiogenesis were reviewed and analyzed. The advances of VEGF study were summarized. The effects of anti-angiogenesis in tumor biological therapy were introduced.Results Angiogenesis had been identified as an important factor for promoting tumor growth. VEGF was a basic and pivotal factor in tumor angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis treatments aimed at VEGF, including the applications of VEGF inhibitor and gene therapy of adenovirus medium, had got great progress. Conclusion VEGF is a leading factor of tumor angiogenesis, the anti-angiogenesis therapy aimed at VEGF has probably provided a new chance to malignant tumor treatment.
Objective To choose suitable free flaps for reconstructing headand neck defects caused by tumor resection. Methods A retrospective analyses was made in 86 cases of head and neck defects treated with four kinds of free flaps between January 1999 and January 2002. The head and neck defects were caused by tumor resection. The locations were oral cavity (n=32), hypopharynx (n=27), mandible (n=12), skull base (n=5), scalp and skin (n=6) andmidface(n=4). The donor sites of free flaps included the rectus abdominis (n=32), anterolateral thigh (n=10),jejunum (n=25), fibula (n=11), latissimus dorsi (n=4), forearm (n=3) and scapula (n=1). The sizesof the cutaneous/musculocutaneous flaps ranged from 4 cm×5 cm to 14 cm×24 cm. The lengths of the fibula were 4-16 cm,of jejunum 9-20 cm. Results The overall free flap success rate was 92% (79/86). Of 32 oral cavity defects, 22 were reconstructed by rectus abdominis (69%) and 10 by anterolateral thigh flaps (31%). Of 27 hypopharyngeal defects, 25 were restored by jejunum flaps (93%). Eleven of 12 mandibular defects were reconstructed by fibula flaps(92%). Four of 5 defects of skull base were reconstructed by rectus abodominis flaps (80%). The free flaps of rectus abodominis, anterolateral thigh, jejunum and fibula were most frequently used, accounting for 91%(78/86) of all flaps in head and neck defect reconstruction. Conclusion Although head and neck defects represent a complicated spectrum of subsites and loss, these four freeflaps can manage most reconstruction problems.
Objective To evaluate the potential of specific mRNA marker keratin 19(K19) to detect micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .Methods One hundred and ninty four regional lymph nodes harvested from 6 cases of benign diseases, 4 cases of breast carcinoma, 5 cases of gastric carcinoma and 12 cases of colorectal carcinoma patients were examined by conventional pathology and amplifying tissue specific K19 mRNA by RT-PCR separately, then the two methods were compared with each other. Results None of the 34 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from benign diseases expressed K19 mRNA by RT-PCR, all of the 28 regional lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-positive from malignant cases showed trains of K19 mRNA by RT-PCR. Of the 132 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from malignant cases, 11 lymph nodes were detected with micrometastasis by genetic diagnosis.Conclusion Genetic diagnosis of lymph node micrometastasis is more sensitive than conventional pathology and has diagnostic value and merits further study.
ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for fever of unknown origin. MethodsThe 18F-FDG PET/CT scan results and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 32 patients with fever of unknown origin examined between January 2011 and October 2013. Final diagnoses were determined with recognized diagnostic standard. Results18F-FDG PET/CT scan was able to detect the cause of fever precisely in 53.1% (n=17) of the patients and was helpful in 25 patients (78.1%). The final cause of fever was determined in 20 patients, including infection (40%), malignancy (10%), non-infectious inflammatory disease (40%) and miscellaneous causes (10%). True positive, false positive, true negative and false negative rate of the modality were 17.0%, 4.0%, 8.0% and 3.0%; and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.0% and 66.7%. Conclusion18F-FDG PET/CT scan plays an important role in the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.
Objective To investigate the primary peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in stage T1 of TNM (UICC2011) (the tumor size≤3 cm) and to find out the lymphadenectomy way which will benefit patients most. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients with primary peripheral NSCLC in our hospital between November 2014 and May 2015. There were 26 males and 34 females at age of 34-76 (57.91±7.75) years. The lymph nodes dissection and metastasis were recorded. Results The total number of intrathoracic lymph nodes dissection is 1 208,with an average of 20.1, including 33 metastasis lymph nodes. The metastasis rate was 2.73%. A total of 51 patients were not found the mediastinum and hilum metastasis lymph node through the routine pathological detection method，while metastasis lymph node in section 12 and (or) 13 and (or) 14 group were found in 3 patients in our trial. The detection rate was 5.89%. For stage T1 primary peripheral NSCLC, with increasing tumor size, lymph node metastasis rate was gradually increased. The patients with solid lesions were more likely to have lymph node metastasis than those with non-solid lesions (pure ground-glass nodules or mixed ground-glass nodules) which generally did not find lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The lymph node metastasis rate in stage T1 primary peripheral NSCLC is related to the tumor size, nature, histological type, local pleural stretch in imaging. The dissection of lung lymph node (12+13+14 groups)may be able to find simple intrapulmonary lymph nodes metastasis. It is important to the selection of delineated staging and treatment program in stage T1 primary peripheral NSCLC.
Objective To investigate the clinical meanings of lymphangiogenesis, lymph vessel invasion (LVI) and lymph node (LN) micrometastasis in gastric cancer. Methods The expression of D2-40 in 68 patients with gastric cancer of primary lesion and the expressions of CK20 and (or) CKpan in 791 lymph nodes from 51 cases which were detected by immunohistochemical staining were analyzed, as well as their clinicopathologic profiles. The relationship of lymph vessel density (LVD), LVI and LN micrometastasis with LN metastasis and other clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed respectively. Results Positive rate of LVI with HE (LVI-HE) and D2-40 (LVI-IM) staining was respectively 66.2%(45/68) and 76.5%(52/68), P=0.118. The positive rate of LVI-IM was related to deeper tumor invasion (P=0.044), later stage of TNM (P=0.003) and LN metastasis (P=0.000). Average LVD of 68 cases was (18.19±7.44)/HP. The increment of LVD was significantly associated with LVI-HE positive status （P=0.040）, LVI-IM positive status （P=0.001）, venous invasion （P=0.037）, later stage of TNM （P=0.020） and LN metastasis （P=0.001）. The survival rate of the group sharing ≥15/HP of LVD was significantly lower than that in the group sharing ≤14/HP of LVD in early period of follow-up （P=0.032）. The incidence of nodal involvement in 51 patients was increased from 74.5%(38/51) by HE staining to 88.2%(45/51) by CK (CK20 or CKpan) immunostaining. The detection rate of metastasized LN was increased from 32.0%（253/791） by HE staining to 41.5%（328/791） by CK immunostaining (Plt;0.001). The significant difference of LN micrometastasis detection rate between CK20 (8.7%) and CKpan (12.3%) was also identified (P=0.003). The increased number of LN micrometastasis was related to larger diameter of tumor (P=0.001), higher LVI-HE positive rate (P=0.040), deeper invasion of tumor (P=0.018) and later stage of TNM (P=0.012). Both LN stage and TNM stage were changed according to the detection of LN micrometastasis: Seven patients of N0 should be recognized as N1 (N0→N1)， 6 as N1→N2, 1 as N2→N3. Four patients of stage Ⅰb should be recognized as stage Ⅱ (Ⅰb→Ⅱ)， 4 as Ⅱ→Ⅲa， 3 as Ⅲa→Ⅲb， 1 as Ⅲb→Ⅳ. Conclusion Detection of D2-40 and CK in diagnosis of LVI and LN micrometastasis is better than HE staining. The combined detection of CK20 and CKpan may be much easier to find out the LN with micrometastasis. Later stage of TNM the tumor is, more frequently the LN micrometastasis happens. The relationships of LVI-IM, LVD and LN micrometastasis with LN metastasis in gastric cancer has been demonstrated. Patients with higher LVD share a lower survival rate in early period of follow-up.