目的 總結單心室瓣膜反流的外科治療經驗，觀察治療效果。 方法 回顧性分析2006年7月至2012年1月上海交通大學醫學院附屬新華醫院61例單心室患者的臨床資料，其中男36例，女25例；手術年齡2個月至 20歲；體重2～58 kg。右心室型41例，左心室型13例，未定型型7例。根據瓣膜反流程度不同分為3組，無/微量反流組：28例，瓣膜未行處理；輕/中度反流組：21例，瓣膜未行處理；重度反流組：12例，手術同期行瓣膜成形。收集所有患者住院及隨訪資料，分析輕/中度反流組、重度反流組瓣膜反流變化趨勢，以及影響瓣膜反流的因素。結果 住院死亡5例，住院死亡率8.2% （5/61）。重度反流組患者行瓣膜成形術后反流程度較術前明顯減輕（由術前4.00級下降至術后2.08級）。隨訪56例，隨訪時間6～38個月，重度反流組隨訪10例，隨訪期間死亡2例，其余8例中重度反流2例，中度反流3例，輕度反流2例，微量反流1例；瓣膜反流程度增加趨勢明顯（由術后平均2.08級增加至平均2.75級）。輕/中度反流組隨訪19例，隨訪中無死亡，其中反流程度增加至重度3例（原1例輕度反流，2例中度反流），反流程度由輕度增加至中度3例，瓣膜反流程度由術后平均2.33級增加為平均2.58級。輕/中度反流組瓣膜反流增加率與無/輕微反流組比較差異無統計學意義（瓣膜反流增加率為31.5% vs. 19.2%，χ2=0.36，P=0.55）。單因素分析結果顯示，瓣膜反流增加者在隨訪過程中心功能較瓣膜反流無變化或減輕者明顯降低（術后左心室射血分數53.11%±5.61% vs. 59.65%±3.32%，t =-5.49，P=0.00），而左心室舒張期末容積較瓣膜反流無變化或減輕者明顯增加（t =2.58，P=0.01）。 結論 單心室合并重度瓣膜反流行瓣膜成形術近期效果較好，但隨著心功能下降、心室擴張，瓣膜反流程度加重趨勢明顯；輕/中度瓣膜反流可暫不進行處理，但部分患者瓣膜反流有增加趨勢，提示應注重術后隨訪。
Objective To investigate surgical indications，techniques，safety and clinical outcomes of minimallyinvasive sternal lowering operation for the treatment of pectus carinatum （PC）. Methods Clinical data of 40 PC patientswho underwent minimal invasive sternal lowering operation in Xinhua Hospital，School of Medicine，Shanghai Jiao Tong University from July 2009 to August 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 39 male patients and 1 female patientwith their average age of 14.5 （12-22）years. All the patients underwent their surgical correction for the first time，and their chest deformity were characterized by a significant protrusion of the sternum and ribs including 21 symmetric and 19 asymmetric protrusions. Preoperative evaluation included electrocardiogram，CT scan of the chest，echocardiogram and pulmonary function test. Preoperative mean Haller index was 1.91±0.23. Sixteen patients had mild restrictive ventilatory disorder. Allthe patients received minimally invasive sternal lowering operation with a curved Nuss steel bar. Aggravating activities wererestricted within 3 months postoperatively，and the steel bar was removed 2 years later. Results All the operations were completed successfully，and thoracic appearance was significantly improved after correction. All the patients and their relativeswere very satisfied with the corrective outcomes. The operation time was 65-115 （82.0±15.6）minutes and average intraop-erative blood loss was less than 10 ml. Postoperative hospital stay was 3-5 （3.5±0.8） days. Postoperative Haller index was2.39±0.17，which was significantly higher than preoperative Haller index （P＜0.01） . Postoperative complications included wound infection in 2 patients，pneumothorax in 1 patient （cured by closed thoracostomy），subcutaneous effusion in 3 patients，and persistent pain （longer than 14 days） in 2 patients. There was no other serious postoperative complication. All the 40 patients were followed up for 3-36 months after discharge. A steel bars was removed ahead of schedule because of wound infection in one patient. Other steel bars were in normal position in 39 patients and there was no displacement of the steel bars or the stabilizers. Eight patients received removal of the steel bars without PC recurrence. Conclusion Juveniles with PC who have good chest wall compliance are the best candidates for minimally invasive sternal lowering operation which is an easy，safe，reliable，minimally invasive and esthetic procedure with satisfactory corrective outcomes.