Objective To invesligate the treatment of retinal de tachment(RD) after silicone oil tamponades(SOT)． Methods The records of a consecutive series of 32 eyes with redetachment of retina after SOT surgery between 1998 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively． The surgical techniques used for these cases included remove of silicon oil,peeling of preretinal membrane, retinotomy, endolaser photocoagutation, secondary vitrectomy and C3 F8 tamponades． Results In 28 of 32 eyes the retina was reattached (87．6%)． The postoperative visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes, redused in 4 eyes and remained no change in 16 eyes． The postop erative complications in 6 eyes included secondary glaucoma(3 eyes), hypotony (1 eye) and hyphema (2 eyes)． Conclusion The techniques of preretinal membrane peeling, retinotomy, endophotocoagulation and C3 F8 tamponades can be effectively used in combination to treat the redetachment of retina after the silicone oil tamponades surgery． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2001,17:214-215)
Sensorimotor disorder can be easily caused by stroke, and there are many targeted movement rehabilitation therapies. With the development of rehabilitation robot technology, robot-assisted therapy combined with mechanical perturbations has become a more effective motor rehabilitation therapy. In this paper, the definition of mechanical perturbation and its physiological mechanism in stroke rehabilitation are introduced, the research progress on mechanical perturbation in the field of stroke rehabilitation therapy is mainly discussed, the application of mechanical perturbation in motor control, postural response and sensory evaluation of stroke rehabilitation is summarized, and the future development direction of mechanical perturbation rehabilitation therapy is also prospected.
睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征( SAHS) 是一種常見病癥,臨床上以阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征( OSAHS) 最為常見[1] 。1993 年一項基于社區人群的研究中, Young 等[2] 發現年齡介于30 ～60 歲的人群中, 以睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣指數( AHI) ≥5 次/h 定義的OSAHS在女性的患病率為9% ,在男性為24% , 2% 的女性和4% 的男性同時存在嗜睡癥狀。越來越多的證據表明睡眠呼吸暫停可導致許多并發癥, 包括行為和軀體兩方面。行為并發癥包括日間嗜睡、注意力下降和神經心理異常, 而軀體并發癥主要包括心腦血管疾病, 尤其是高血壓[3, 4] 。OSAHS 是全身多個臟器功能損害的獨立危險因素, 其中心血管并發癥是主要死因[5] 。如何評價OSAHS 病情嚴重程度, 對患者的診斷、治療及預后判斷具有非常重要的意義。目前AHI 仍然是診斷OSAHS 的金標準,但其與靶器官損害的相關性存在諸多爭議。
In recent years, photon-counting computed tomography (PCD-CT) based on photon-counting detectors (PCDs) has become increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Compared with conventional CT, PCD-CT has the potential to achieve micron-level spatial resolution, lower radiation dose, negligible electronic noise, multi-energy imaging, and material identification, etc. This advancement facilitates the promotion of ultra-low dose scans in clinical scenarios, potentially detecting minimal and hidden lesions, thus significantly improving image quality. However, the current state of the art is limited and issues such as charge sharing, pulse pileup, K-escape and count rate drift remain unresolved. These issues could lead to a decrease in image resolution and energy resolution, while an increasing in image noise and ring artifact and so on. This article systematically reviewed the physical principles of PCD-CT, and outlined the structural differences between PCDs and energy integration detectors (EIDs), and the current challenges in the development of PCD-CT. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of three detector materials were analysed. Then, the clinical benefits of PCD-CT were presented through the clinical application of PCD-CT in the three diseases with the highest mortality rate in China (cardiovascular disease, tumour and respiratory disease). The overall aim of the article is to comprehensively assist medical professionals in understanding the technological innovations and current technical limitations of PCD-CT, while highlighting the urgent problems that PCD-CT needs to address in the coming years.
The consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) is one of the most commonly used theoretical frameworks for implementation science. The updated CFIR was optimized based on the original version. The background, process and contents of the updated CFIR were introduced, and the domains and constructs of the updated CFIR were interpreted in this article. We analyzed the similarities and differences of the updated CFIR compared with the original CFIR, in order to provide methodological references for Chinese researchers to explore the determinants of implementation.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of palifermin on oral mucositis (OM) and acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) for hematological malignancy patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, Clinicaltrials.gov, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy of palifermin on OM and aGVHD for hematological malignancy patients undergoing HSCT from inception to September 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 7 RCTs involving 904 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: palifermin could reduce the duration of OM grade 2 to 4 (MD=?4.21, 95%CI ?7.83 to ?0.58, P=0.02), OM grade 3 to 4 (MD=?2.54, 95%CI ?4.61 to ?0.46, P=0.02) significantly for hematological malignancy patients undergoing HSCT. However, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of aGVHD grade 2 to 4 (RR=1.29, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.75, P=0.11), aGVHD grade 3 to 4 (RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.55 to 1.77, P=0.97), OM grade 2 to 4 (RR=0.86, 95%CI 0.72 to 1.03, P=0.11) and OM grade 3 to 4 (RR=0.82, 95%CI 0.65 to 1.03, P=0.08) between palifermin group and placebo group. The prevalence of paresthesia (RR=4.24, 95%CI 1.24 to 14.56, P=0.02) and erythema (RR=1.49, 95%CI 1.06 to 2.09, P=0.02) were significantly higher in palifermin group.ConclusionsThe durations of OM grade 2 to 4, 3 to 4 are significantly reduce in patients receiving palifermin compared with those receiving a placebo, however, no statistically significant difference are found in the incidence of aGVHD grade 2 to 4, 3 to 4, OM grade 2 to 4, 3 to 4. Parethesia and erythema are more prevalent among patients using palifermin. Therefore, advantages and disadvantages of palifermin should be considered when used in clinical.
The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) is often used to calculate the radiation dose during computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the physical calculation process of the model is complicated, the input file structure of the program is complex, and the three-dimensional (3D) display of the geometric model is not supported, so that the researchers cannot establish an accurate CT radiation system model, which affects the accuracy of the dose calculation results. Aiming at these two problems, this study designed a software that visualized CT modeling and automatically generated input files. In terms of model calculation, the theoretical basis was based on the integration of CT modeling improvement schemes of major researchers. For 3D model visualization, LabVIEW was used as the new development platform, constructive solid geometry (CSG) was used as the algorithm principle, and the introduction of editing of MCNP input files was used to visualize CT geometry modeling. Compared with a CT model established by a recent study, the root mean square error between the results simulated by this visual CT modeling software and the actual measurement was smaller. In conclusion, the proposed CT visualization modeling software can not only help researchers to obtain an accurate CT radiation system model, but also provide a new research idea for the geometric modeling visualization method of MCNP.
Objective To systematically review the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in Chinese postmenopausal females. Methods The CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females from inception to March 17th, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 54 studies involving 96 391 cases and 41 651 confirmed OP patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females was 38.8% (95%CI 34.1% to 43.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of OP was 31.7% (95%CI 16.6% to 48.6%) in females who had been menopausal for less than 5 years, 47.4% (95%CI 32.2% to 62.5%) for 5-9 years, 52.7% (95%CI 37.1% to 68.3%) for 10-14 years, 77.5% (95%CI 69.5% to 85.4%) for 15-19 years, and 78.3% (95%CI 56.3% to 100.0%) for more than 20 years. The rate was 16.2% (95%CI 28.8% to 37.2%) in under 50 years age group, 28.8% (95%CI 34.4% to 47.9%) for 50- years group, 41.1% (95%CI 34.4% to 47.9%) for 60- years group, 55.3% (95%CI 45.8% to 64.8%) for 70- years group, 82.0% (95%CI 76.1% to 87.9%) for 80- years group. The prevalence in different regions was between 31.0% and 43.5%, which was lowest in the northeast (31.0%, 95%CI 26.3% to 51.4%) and highest in the northwest (43.5%, 95%CI 22.3% to 64.7%). According to the year of publication, the rate was 43.9% (95%CI 15.7% to 72.0%) from 1997 to 2009 and 38.2% (95%CI 33.8% to 42.5%) from 2010 to 2021. The prevalence of OP was 24.9% (95%CI 20.5% to 29.3%) in postmenopausal females with no birth or 1 birth, and 45.0% (95%CI 37.0% to 53.0%) in females with 2 or more births. Conclusion The prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females is relatively high. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the value of ice test in the diagnosis of ptosis of myasthenia gravis(MG). Methods A total of 32 patients with myasthenic ptosis and 33 with nonmyasthenic ptosis underwent ice and rest test which were performed alternately twice within 1 day on each patient. Besides, neostigmine test was performed on the patients with myasthenic ptosis after ice and rest test . Two observers who didnrsquo;t know the clinical diagnosis were asked to evaluate the improvement of eyelid elevation by measuring the width between the midpoints of upper and lower eyelid with a 20mm steel rule (precision of 0.5 mm). The average of margin of palpebral fissure width after double ice or rest tests subtrac ted from the one before the tests in one patient was the standard of the improve ment of eyelid elevation. Results Ice and rest test improved myasthenic ptosis but not nonmyasthenic ptosis with the specificity of 100% in both of the tests. In addition, ice test improved myasthenic ptosis more effectively with a higher sensitivity of 78%, and it could also improve the palpebral fissure width in pa i tents with complete myasthenic ptosis apparently. Compared with the neostigmine test, ice test had lower sensitivity, cost shorter time, didnt need injection which avoided the discomfort, and had no side effects. Conclusion Ice test is a simple and safe means with high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose myasthenic ptosis, which is valuable in clinical application. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006,22:382-384）