Using intelligent rehabilitation robot to intervene hand function after stroke is an important physical treatment. With the development of biomedical engineering and the improvement of clinical demand, the comprehensive intervention of hand-function rehabilitation robot combined with new technologies is gradually emerging. This article summarizes the hand rehabilitation robots based on electromyogram (EMG), the brain-computer interface (BCI) hand rehabilitation robots, the somatosensory hand rehabilitation robots and the hand rehabilitation robots with functional electrostimulation. The advantages and disadvantages of various intervention methods are discussed, and the research trend about comprehensive intervention of hand rehabilitation robot is analyzed.
Sit-stand movement is one of the most common movement behaviors of the human body. The knee joint is the main bearing joint of this movement. Thus, the dynamic analysis of knee joint during this movement has deeply positive influences. According to the principle of moment balance, the dynamics of the knee joint during the movement were analyzed. Furthermore, combined with the data obtained from optical motion capture and six-dimensional ground reaction force test, the curve of knee joint torque was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the analysis of dynamic, the human body model was established, the polynomial equations of angle and angular velocity were fitted according to the experimental data, and the knee joint simulation of the movement was carried out. The result revealed that in terms of range and trend, the theoretical data and simulation data were consistent. The relationship between knee joint torque and ground reaction force was revealed based on the variation law of knee joint torque. During the sit-stand movement, the knee joint torque and the ground reaction force were directly proportional to each other, and the ratio was 5 to 6. In the standing process, the acceleration first increased and then decreased and finally increased in reverse, and the maximum knee torque occurred at an angle of about 140°. In the sitting process, the torque was maximized in the initial stage. The results of the dynamics analysis of knee joint during sit-stand movement are beneficial to the optimal design and force feedback control of seated rehabilitation aids, and can provide theoretical guidance for knee rehabilitation training.
Objective To explore the latent classes of developmental trajectories and influencing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing open posterior spinal surgery. Methods Patients who underwent open posterior spinal surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between November 2024 and October 2025 were enrolled. Demographic data and clinical data, as well as data on nausea, vomiting, and psychological status from postoperative day 1 to 3, were collected. Latent growth mixture model was used to identify developmental trajectories of PONV. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to analyze the influencing factors of the latent postoperative nausea and vomiting classes. Results A total of 201 patients were included. Among them, there were 62 males and 139 females. Two distinct developmental trajectories of postoperative nausea and vomiting were identified by latent growth mixture model: the high risk postoperative nausea and vomiting class (84 patients, 41.8%) and the low risk postoperative nausea and vomiting class (117 patients, 58.2%). Logistic regression showed that a history of abdominal surgery, duration of peak pain on postoperative day 1, a history of previous postoperative nausea and vomiting or motion sickness, time from surgery completion to first oral intake, age and hemoglobin concentration on postoperative day 2 were associated with high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Conclusions Two heterogeneous developmental trajectories of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing open posterior spinal surgery were identified using latent growth mixture model, and the independent influencing factors were clarified. Medical staff can formulate targeted prevention and control measures based on the influencing factors of the latent classes, optimize management strategies for postoperative nausea and vomiting in spinal surgery patients, and provide a basis for precise clinical prevention and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting.