Objective To explore the procedure options in the treatment for acute plasma cell mastitis with minimal compromise to breast appearance. Methods The clinical data of 19 cases diagnosed as acute plasma cell mastitis from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were adopted the same protocol as the combination of traditional Chinese medicine，abscess drainage at the proper moment，and the excision of focal mass after the acute inflammatory response diminish. Results The duration from taking traditional Chinese medicine to lumpectomy in all the patients were from 63 d to 97d，and the average time was 78d. Seven cases were treated with antibiotic before lumpectomy and 12 cases were treated with abscess drainage，and all the patients were cured satisfactorily. All the patients were followed up for 24-48 months with an average 36 months， there was no recurrence，and the shape of the treated breast remained consistent with the contralateral side，with the natural shape and smooth skin，and an undetectable thready mammary areola incision left. Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine could treat acute plasma cell mastitis efficiently and with an advantage of minimal compromise to breast appearance.
目的:探討鼻內窺鏡下下鼻甲成形術加骨折外移術治療慢性肥厚性鼻炎的臨床應用價值。方法: 對符合慢性肥厚性鼻炎的56例患者在00內窺鏡下骨折下鼻甲,切除下鼻甲增生肥厚部分外側面黏膜及其下肥大骨質,內側的黏膜瓣保留并覆蓋在下鼻甲創面上形成新下鼻甲。隨訪1到2年。結果: 56例中,治愈42例(75.0%),有效13 例(23.2%),無效1例(1.8%),總有效率98.2%,無并發癥發生。結論: 鼻內窺鏡下下鼻甲成形術加骨折外移術是治療慢性肥厚性鼻炎較為理想的手術方法。
ObjectiveTo elucidate the latest research progress of Yes-associated protein (YAP) / transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in regulating tumor drug resistance. MethodThe relevant literature on YAP/TAZ in regulating tumor cell chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy resistance was reviewed and summarized in the databases such as PubMed, CNKI, and so on. ResultsThe YAP/TAZ was involved in the resistance regulation of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy in various human tumors. The YAP/TAZ could interact with various proteins to induce the occurrence of tumor resistance. The imbalance of YAP/TAZ signaling might lead to an important mechanism of tumor cell resistance. ConclusionsThere is a close relation between YAP/TAZ and tumor cell resistance. Studying the mechanism of YAP/TAZ regulating tumor resistance can provide new strategies and targets for addressing tumor resistance.
Influenza A is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus, with typical signs and symptoms of upper and / or lower respiratory tract involvement, and symptoms of systemic disease such as fever, headache, myalgia and fatigue. Although it is a self-limited disease in the general population, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in some high-risk populations and often leads serious complications, such as severe acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as other extrapulmonary injuries. The exploration of the mechanisms of lung injury caused by influenza A infection could be helpful to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of other viral pneumonias, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
自從2001 年頒布第1 版慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD) 診斷、處理和預防全球策略以來，已經整整10 年了，10 年中COPD 的研究取得了相當大的進展。2011 年底頒布的“Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( Revised 2011) ”( 簡稱全球策略修訂版) 在原版本的基礎上, 根據 COPD 臨床研究的最新進展進行了重大修改。
ObjectiveTo identify genes associated with resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in colorectal cancer and elucidate their underlying mechanisms using bioinformatics approaches. MethodsGenes expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The intersection of HRGs and DEGs was defined as hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (HDGs). The gene expression data of patients with colorectal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed using Pearson correlation to identify the PD-1-related genes, further the STRING analysis (minimum interaction score was greater than 0.7) and Cytoscape were subsequently employed to screen the key PD-1-related genes. The relation between the screened key PD-1-related genes and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients was analyzed to screen out the target genes. The real-time fluorescence reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of the target genes in the cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues of 20 patients with colorectal cancer. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and the ROC Plotter database were used to analyze the relation between the high and low expression of the target genes and the prognosis in different patients. The significance level was set as α=0.05. ResultsA total of 651 HRGs and 329 DEGs were screened out. By taking the intersection of these two sets, 37 HDGs were obtained for subsequent analysis. Through Pearson correlation analysis, 25 key PD-1-related genes were screened out and 10 and 14 key PD-1-related genes were screened out by the MCC algorithm and the MCODE algorithm respectively. By taking the intersection of these three sets, 3 key PD-1-related genes were obtained, then survival analysis, the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) gene was finally screened out as the target gene. The expression level of the AURKA gene in the pan-cancer patients who responded to PD-1 inhibitor treatment was significantly higher than that in non-responders (P＜0.001), and was significantly lower in the six colorectal cancer cells treated with hypoxia than in six colorectal cancer cells treated with normoxia (P＜0.001). The AURKA expression in the colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent colorectal tissues (P=0.008). The overall survival of pan-cancer patients with high AURKA expression was better than that of those with low AURKA expression [HR (95%CI)=0.67 (0.49, 0.93), P=0.015]. Among the colorectal cancer patients with MMR deficiency, the patients with low AURKA gene expression had worse overall survival [HR (95%CI)=2.596 (1.028, 6.332), P=0.043] and recurrence-free survival [HR (95%CI)=4.201 (1.092, 16.150), P=0.037] as compared with those with high AURKA gene expression. The low AURKA expression was associated with significantly worse overall survivals in the colorectal cancer patients harboring wild-type or mutant TP53, BRAF, and KRAS as compared with high AURKA expression (P＜0.05), while no statistically significant difference was found in the overall survival of the normal MMR patients between with high AURKA expression and low AURKA expression (P=0.307). ConclusionThe results of this bioinformatics analysis suggest that hypoxia down-regulated AURKA expression, and low AURKA expression is associated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer patients, and worse reactivity and prognosis in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of anterior chest wall depression on the cardiac function and the effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum by comparing cardiac function and morphology between pre- and post-operation. MethodsBetween August 2009 and December 2010, 102 adult patients with pectus excavatum were treated with minimally invasive surgery, including the primary operation in 95 cases and the reoperation in 7 cases. There were 84 males and 18 females, aged 18-57 years (mean, 23.4 years). The haller index (HI) was 4.59 ± 1.51. Of 102 patients, 59 were classified as pectus excavatum type I and 43 as type II; 42 had clinical symptoms and 19 had the physical sign of heart. The preoperative chest CT examination showed cardiac compression in all patients and heart displacement in 74 patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 68.9% ± 6.2%. ResultsThe procedure was successful in all patients, and no death or serious complication occurred. The patients were followed up 12-28 months (mean, 21 months). The clinical symptoms and cardiac physical sign of the patients disappeared after operation. HI was 2.70 ± 0.33 at 12 months after operation, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative HI (t=5.83, P=0.00). According to Nuss’s evaluation method, the results were excellent in 99 patients and good in 3 patients. CT examination showed complete relief of cardiac compression in 101 patients and mild cardiac compression in 1 patient; the heart position was normal at 12 months after operation. Electrocardiogram returned to normal in 4 patients having abnormal electrocardiogram. LVEF was 70.5% ± 4.8% after operation, showing no significant difference when compared with preoperative LVEF (t=1.08, P=0.30). ConclusionThe main effects of pectus excavatum in adults on heart are compression and displacement. Cardiac compression may be relieved efficiently and the patient’s clinical symptoms can be abated by minimally invasive surgery.
Objective To investigate the structure characteristics， functions， and research progress of Notch signaling pathway in digestive tumors. Methods The related literatures about the molecular genetic mechanism of Notch signaling pathway were reviewed. Results The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role not only in normal cells’ growth， differentiation， proliferation， and apoptosis but also in a variety of tumors’ occurrence and development. Conclusion The reasonable regulation to Notch signaling pathway may open up new ways to the treatment of the tumor.
Objective To investigate the role of IFN-γ in suppressing bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Methods Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (15 rats in each group)，ie.a normal group，a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model group，a dexamethasone-treated group，a high-dose IFN-γ-treated group (150 000 U/kg) and a low-dose IFN-γ-treated group (50 000 U/kg).Five rats in each group were randomly killed in 7th day，14th day and 28th day after relative treatment respectively，and lung tissue samples were harvested for histopathology study.HE and Masson staining were used to determine the extent of alveolus inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis respectively.Histoimmunochemical method were adapted to determine protein levels of TGF-β1，CTGF，type Ⅰcollagen and type Ⅲ collagen in pulmonary tissues.Results Histopathological study showed that treatment with either dexamethasone or IFN-γ (both high dose and low dose) remarkably meliorated the extent of alveolus inflammation and suppressed pulmonary fibrosis (compared with model group，all Plt;0.05).Histoimmunochemical study suggested that both dexamethasone and IFN-γ could inhibit the expression of TGF-β1，CTGF，type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen (compared with model group，all Plt;0.05)，and the suppression of TGF-β1，type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen expression was more obvious in high-dose IFN-γ-treated group than those in low-dose group (Plt;0.05).Conclusions INF-γ possesses apparent anti-fibrosis effect that is similar to dexamethasone but with less side effect.Such effect may resulted from reduced production of type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagen through expression inhibition of cytokines such as TGF-β1 and CTGF.
目的：機械分離、培養小鼠耳蝸螺旋神經元，并進行免疫熒光細胞學鑒定，為后期進一步的實驗研究提供實驗材料。方法：采用初出生1～5天以內的昆明小鼠進行解剖、機械分離以獲得螺旋神經節組織，進行原代培養后，應用神經微絲蛋白（Neurofilament protein,NFP－H）單克隆抗體進行免疫熒光細胞學鑒定。結果：機械分離后獲得的螺旋神經節組織中的螺旋神經元，在體外培養條件下可以存活并進行正常分化。典型的螺旋神經元，其細胞形態呈橢圓形,胞體透明光滑、接近生理形態。熒光染色標記后，胞體和神經突起均顯色好，Schwann細胞和成纖維細胞未著色。結論：應用機械分離的方法獲得小鼠耳蝸螺旋神經節組織并進行培養，耳蝸螺旋神經元在體外可以穩定地存活生長。培養獲得的細胞形態和生存狀態接近生理狀態，滿足電生理、免疫細胞化學、藥理學等研究。應用特異性的神經微絲蛋白對培養獲得的螺旋神經元進行免疫熒光細胞學鑒定，特異性好，熒光顯色好。