ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on tumor microenvironment immunophenotyping.MethodThe related literatures of basic and clinical studies on HCC immunophenotyping in the recent years were reviewed.ResultsHCC could be divided into different immunophenotypes based on tumor microenvironment, and it showed different immune molecular characteristics, immune cell infiltration characteristics, and anti-tumor ability. At the same time, the HCC immunophenotype was significantly associated with patients’ survival and had been proved to be able to better evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients. According to the relevant molecular characteristics in the HCC immune microenvironment, it could provide guidance for the drug regimen of immunotherapy.ConclusionHCC immunophenotyping is still in the early stage of research, and its clinical application value has been preliminarily shown for the evaluation of patients’ prognosis and immunotherapy decision-making, which is a new idea of individualized treatment of HCC in the future.
【摘要】 目的 探討不同數量混合血清樣本丙肝病毒核酸（HCV RNA）檢測在擬輸血手術患者中的臨床應用。 方法 用酶聯免疫吸附試驗（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）檢測單份血清樣本抗-HCV，聚合酶鏈反應技術（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）檢測單份血清樣本、5份血清混合樣本和10份血清混合樣本HCV RNA，并與ELISA檢測結果進行比較，確定HCV RNA檢測的最適混合血清樣本數。 結果 ELISA共檢出抗-HCV陽性血清4份。PCR技術檢測HCV RNA，單份血清樣本組和5份血清混合樣本組5例陽性；10份血清混合樣本組4例陽性，1例陽性漏檢。 結論 擬輸血手術患者5份血清混合樣本檢測HCV RNA能大幅降低人群檢測費用，具有良好經濟實用性。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical application of detecting hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) using various number of serum samples from patients planning to receive blood transfusion. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HCV for single serum samples, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HCV RNA of single serum samples, 5 mixed serum samples and 10 mixed serum samples. The results of the two experiments were compared and the best number of samples for HCV RNA detection was analyzed. Results The results of ELISA showed that there were four serum samples with positive anti-HCV. In the detection of HCV RNA by PCR, there were 5 positive samples each for the groups of single serum samples and 5 mixed serum samples, and 4 positive samples for the group of 10 mixed samples with 1 positive case missed. Conclusion It is economical and applicable to use 5 mixed serum samples for the detection of HCV RNA in patients planning to receive blood transfusion.
Surgery following neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for middle- and late-stage resectable esophageal cancer. However, treatment modalities such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery cause physical and psychological harm to patients, reducing their quality of life. Prehabilitation, as an emerging preoperative management strategy, integrates various measures, including exercise training, nutritional support, and psychological support. Its aim is to enhance patients’ physiological and psychological reserves prior to surgery, bolster their tolerance to surgical stress, and thus accelerate the postoperative recovery process. This approach is a key manifestation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept. This article reviews prehabilitation during neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer patients from 3 aspects: intervention timing, intervention content, and barriers, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting early recovery in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.