ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics, potential molecular mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) associated with the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors and to explore its clinical implications. MethodsThe relevant domestic and international literature was reviewed to analyze the definition, mechanisms, and predictive factors of HPD. Particular attention was given to key factors affecting HPD development, including clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, genetic mutations, and inflammatory factors. ResultsHPD significantly decreased the survival of HCC patients. Its occurrence might be associated with individual variability, dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-related genetic mutations, and elevated level of inflammatory factors. Clinical features such as female, advanced age, elevated Child-Pugh score, portal vein tumor thrombus could identify high-risk populations for HPD. Blood-based biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-fetoprotein showed potential value in predicting HPD. ConclusionsSystematic investigation of the molecular mechanisms and predictive biomarkers of HPD are crucial for optimizing immunotherapy strategies and improving patient’s outcomes. Large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to achieve precise prediction and personalized intervention in the future.
目的 探討優質護理服務在婦科臨床護理路徑（CNP）實施中的應用效果。 方法 2010年4月－2011年4月納入婦科CNP的住院患者中隨機抽取150例，并選擇同期病區全部17名護士作為對照組；在2011年5月－12月納入婦科CNP并實施優質護理服務的住院患者中隨機抽取150例，并選擇同期病區全部22名護士作為試驗組。比較兩組患者疾病相關知識知曉率、患者及護士工作滿意率、平均住院日的差異。 結果 試驗組患者疾病相關知識知曉率、患者及護士滿意率優于對照組，且平均住院日明顯縮短。 結論 優質護理服務應用于改進CNP管理質量，可提高患者疾病相關知識知曉率和護患滿意率，縮短住院時間，減輕醫療負擔，有利于CNP的實施。