Precision medicine is a novel medical modality based on genome sequencing, bioinformatics and big data science. The studies regarding tuberculosis always concentrated on the bacteria and host in the setting of precision medicine. This review mainly introduces the application of precision medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. The limits of the Chinese studies with respect to precision medicine in tuberculosis are also discussed. Moreover, the article predicates its future development.
Early diagnosis of lung cancer is difficult because of it’s lacking in distinctive clinical characteristics. With the development of CT technology for chest, the detection rate of pulmonary nodules is increasing year by year and acquires extensive attention. Therefore, the accurate clinical diagnosis to identify the character of solitary pulmonary nodules is urgently needed. However, the current clinical applications of different diagnosis have pluses and minuses. In this paper, we mainly review the diagnosis, management strategies and the existing problems of solitary pulmonary nodules based on the cancer-screening guidelines of Fleischner Society, American College of Chest Physicians, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules: Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines for Asia, and Chinese Consensus on Pulmonary Nodules, and clinical research progress of pulmonary nodules.
Lung cancer in never-smokers has been identified as a separate disease entity. Notably, the proportion of this distinct disease has been reported to increase in recent decades. Due to its occult onset and lack of clinical specificity, patients with this disease are always diagnosed with advanced stage. This review summarizes the current literatures about the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics, molecular features, and prognosis of lung cancer in never-smokers, which will enhance our understanding and facilitate the precise management of this distinct disease.
With the rapid development of information technology, medical reforms in various countries are moving towards informatization, and internet medical projects have been carried out gradually. Internet hospitals, as one of the manifestations of internet medical projects, have the advantages of improving the efficiency of medical services, revitalizing and effectively sinking high-quality medical resources, and therefore has become the focus of China’s next stage of medical reform. However, internet hospitals are innovative and local products of China, leading its practices lack of domestic and foreign theoretical research, as well as experience, which results in government policies and hospital management strategies are both moving forward in groping, and the construction outcomes vary. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the comprehensive dilemmas currently confronted by internet hospitals in China in different stages of construction, operation and management based on PDCA cycle, and thus, puts forward corresponding construction thinking and analysis in a targeted manner, and proposes guidance for the further development of internet hospitals.
Objective To discuss the effectiveness of salmeterol in treating a case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Aimed at the effectiveness of salmeterol in treating COPD patients, a comprehensive search was conducted in EMbase Web (2007 to 2011) and EBSCOhost Web (2000 to 2010) to obtain and evaluate the relevant systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and finally to apply the best evidence in clinical practice. Results There were 2 systematic reviews, 3 meta-analyses and 172 RCTs in the initial retrieval; and 12 RCTs and 1 meta-analysis were finally included after being screened. The results indicated a significant improvement in lung function, clinical symptoms and life quality after inhalation of sameterol in COPD patients. The patient had a good effect when the above evidence was applied at the patient’s will. Conclusion The inhalation of salmeterol for COPD can significantly improve lung function, alleviate clinic symptoms and improve life quality of the patients. But there are still some side-effects which should be considered in practical applications.
The West China hospital of Sichuan university has underwent four times emergency medical rescue (EMR) of earthquakes, measuring 5.7 Ms to 8.0 Ms on the Richter scale, happened at Wenchuan, Yushu, Yiliang and Lushan in recent 5 years, which gradually improved and supplemented Wenchuan experience. After Lushan earthquake, a total of 392 patients were received during 2 weeks. Among 321 hospitalized patients, there were 39 (12.15%) patients with critical injury and 14 (4.36%) patients who needed intensive care. 184 operations were performed. Based on the experiences of resource centralization, multidisciplinary cooperation, and hierarchical management, zero death, a new medical record, has been achieved among 43 patients with critical injury after centralized admission and treatment. A total of 12 medical rescue teams involving 88 healthcare workers were sent to the epicenter to join and guide EMR. Besides, rehabilitation and psychological experts came to Lushan on the first day of earthquake, and started clinical intervention of mental and physical health for people needed on the second day.
The paper summarizes three revolution trends of medical service mode in the age of 5th generation mobile networks (5G), including artificial intelligence & intelligent medical service, internet of things & internet hospital, and intelligent hospital. Artificial intelligence & intelligent medical service mainly covers artificial-intelligence-assisted diagnosis, artificial-intelligence medical decision-making, and artificial-intelligence-assisted new drug research & development. Internet of things & internet hospital mainly covers internet hospitals, internet care, cloud pharmacies, and medical imaging clouds. Intelligent hospitals mainly cover intelligent clinics, intelligent wards, and intelligent management. The revolution trends count on not only techniques such as 5G, but also the support and cooperation of the government and society. The risk of information and data leak needs attention.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of young patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA total of 5320 patients with primary NSCLC from 2008 to 2014 were included and then divided into four groups according to their age, ie. a young group (≤ 45 years), a middle-young group (46 - 60 years), a middle-old group (61 - 75 years) and an old group (≥76 years). The clinicopathological manifestation and overall survival (OS) of the patients among the different age groups were compared.ResultsThe patients aged 45 years or younger accounted for 12.1% of all NSCLC cases. The proportions of females, never-smokers and adenocarcinoma were 49.9%, 65.9% and 74.0% in the young group, higher than those in the other three age groups (P<0.001 for all). And the proportion of Ⅲ/Ⅳ stage tumor was 84.3% in the young group, just less than that in the old group (87.9%; P<0.001). Patients in the young group were more likely to receive surgery (30.5%) and chemotherapy (38.9%), and got comparatively favorable OS compared with the patients in other age groups (P>0.05 for all).ConclusionsNSCLC occurring in young population is not rare. Young patients with NSCLC have unique clinicopathological characteristics, with more females, never-smokers and adenocarcinomas. Young patients with NSCLC may choose aggressive treatment approaches, such as surgery and chemotherapy, thus get a comparatively favorable prognosis.
Lung microbiome is defined as the specific microbiota of lung. Lung microbiome can make the lung in a state of chronic inflammation through direct destruction, activation of inflammatory cells and release of inflammatory factors, and then progress to lung cancer. There are significant differences in lung microbiome between lung cancer patients and healthy people. Some specific microbial flora can be used as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer. Specific microbial communities are related to the efficacy of immunotherapy, and microbial composition may be used as a marker of immune-related adverse events. There are both challenges and opportunities for research on the relationship between lung microbiome and lung cancer. This review will focus on the significance and value of lung microbiome in the occurrence, diagnosis and immunotherapy of lung cancer, in order to provide a reference for basic and clinical researchers in related fields.
Precision medicine is a medical paradigm founded on individual genetic information amalgamated with extensive clinical data to offer patients precise diagnoses and treatments. Genetic testing forms the cornerstone of accurate diagnosis, and skilled professionals in fields like clinical medicine, molecular biology, and bioinformatics play a crucial role in realizing the potential of precision medicine. This paper presents reference suggestions for the continuing education approach for relevant technical personnel. The main emphasis is on conducting routine face-to-face and hands-on training to enhance theoretical knowledge and professional skills. Secondly, there is a need to modify the training approach by reinforcing molecular biology, bioinformatics, and other courses, enhancing assessment methods, gradually implementing specialized training in precision medicine subspecialties, and ensuring effective clinical practice and management of precision medicine.