Objective To systematically review literature on the influencing factors related to adolescent sub-health problems. Methods We electronically searched the following four databases including CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data to collect Chinese literature on adolescent sub-health status and problems in China published before May 2012. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and cross checked records. Then qualitative analysis was applied. Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that the influencing factors of adolescent sub-health could be classified into four categories including social factors, family factors, school factors, and interpersonal relationships. The main ones were social support, employment pressure, family economic conditions, learning burden, unhealthy habits, etc. Conclusions There are many influencing factors of adolescent sub-health with interaction. Due to the limitation of the included studies, more prospective cohort studies are needed to provide high quality evidence.
【摘要】 目的 比較喉罩和氣管內插管吸入七氟烷全麻用于小兒無痛苦纖支鏡檢查的麻醉效果、蘇醒時間、蘇醒質量。 方法 將2008年3月-2009年3月40例行纖支鏡檢查的患兒隨機分為喉罩組（L組，21例）和氣管內插管組（T組，19例）。兩組均采用逐漸誘導法吸入七氟烷，靜脈給予芬太尼1 μg/kg；L組置入喉罩，T組氣管插管后控制呼吸。手術中，兩組均吸入2%～5%七氟烷維持麻醉。分別記錄麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后纖支鏡進入前（T1）、進鏡至咽部（T2）、聲門部（T3）、氣管內（T4）及第15 min（T5）時的血壓（BP）、心率（HR）、MAP和動脈血氧飽和度（SPO2）。觀察纖支鏡檢查期間有無嗆咳、氣道痙攣或體動；記錄停藥至拔管的時間，蘇醒后是否再入睡及麻醉滿意度。 結果 兩組HR在T1、T3、T4時升高，與T0時比較，有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）；其中HR在T1時T組高于L組，組間比較有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）；MAP在T1、T2、T3、T4時，T組低于L組，組間比較有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）。兩組患兒鏡檢期間均無嗆咳、氣道痙攣或體動；L組蘇醒時間短于T組（Plt;0.05），蘇醒后再入睡率低于T組（Plt;0.05），麻醉滿意度高于T組（Plt;0.05）。 結論 喉罩吸入七氟烷全麻用于小兒無痛苦纖支鏡檢查，能保證穩定的血流動力學狀態，蘇醒快速，效果滿意。【Abstract】 Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of Laryngeal mask combined with sevoflurane in painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy anesthesia in children. Methods Forty children from March 2008 to March 2009 were randomized divided into laryngeal mask airway group (group L) and endotracheal intubation group (group T). Anaesthesia was induced and maintenanced with 2%-5% sevoflurane and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. The blood pressure (BR), heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SPO2)were recorded before anaesthesia (T0), immediately after anaesthesia induction (T1), when FOB at the level of pharynx(T2), vocal cords (T3), trachea (T4) and in 15 min of the FOB (T5). Extubation time, recovery quality and anesthesia effects were also analyzed. Results Compared with T0, there were significant increases in HR at T1、T3 and T4 (Plt;0.05), and HR was significantly higher in the group T than that in the group L at T1 (Plt;0.05). MAP was significantly lower in group T than that in group L at T1、T2、T3 and T4, respectively(Plt;0.05). Recovery time was significantly shorter in group L than that in group T. Incidence of sleep after recovery was lower in group L than that in group T. Anesthesia satisfaction was higher in the group L than that in the group T. Conclusions Laryngeal mask combined with Sevoflurane provide satisfactory anesthesia for painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children.
Objective To investigate the effects of sodium valproate (VPA) in inhibiting Erastin-induced ferroptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 8-week-old Spragur Dawley rats and identified [cell surface antigens CD90, CD44, and CD45 were analyzed by flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation abilities were assessed by alizarin red S (ARS) and oil red O staining, respectively]. Cells of passage 3 were used for the Erastin-induced ferroptosis model, with different concentrations of VPA for intervention. The optimal drug concentration was determined using the cell counting kit 8 assay. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: group A, cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium for 24 hours; group B, cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium containing optimal concentration Erastin for 24 hours; group C, cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium containing optimal concentration Erastin and VPA for 24 hours; group D, cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium containing optimal concentration Erastin and VPA, and 8 μmol/L EX527 for 24 hours. The mitochondrial state of the cells was evaluated, including the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Osteogenic capacity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ARS staining. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expressions of osteogenic-related proteins [Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteopontin (OPN)], ferroptosis-related proteins [glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)], and pathway-related proteins [adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)]. Results The cultured cells were identified as BMSCs. VPA inhibited Erastin-induced ferroptosis and the decline of osteogenic ability in BMSCs, acting through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. VPA significantly reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in Erastin-treated BMSCs and significantly increased GSH levels. Additionally, the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4, FTH1, and SLC7A11) significantly decreased. VPA also upregulated the expressions of osteogenic-related proteins (RUNX2 and OPN), enhanced mineralization and osteogenic differentiation, and increased the expressions of pathway-related proteins (AMPK and SIRT1). These effects could be reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. ConclusionVPA inhibits ferroptosis in BMSCs through the AMPK/SIRT1 axis and promotes osteogenesis.