Objective To investigate the reasons of failure of Gamma nail treatment for intertrochanteric fractures and define operative techniques of the revision surgery. Methods From January 1999 to January 2008, 20 cases of 432 patients treated with Gamma nails for intertrochanteric fractures were revised. There were 9 males and 11 females, aged 24-87 years (median 65 years). Among them, there were 4 cases of femoral shaft fracture, 2 cases of screw penetrating the femoral head,11 cases of screw cutting out the femoral head and neck, 2 cases of internal rotation malformation, and 1 case of nfection. The operative procedures of revision were as follows: 4 cases were treated with the long Gamma nail, 4 cases by adjusting the position of Gamma nail, 11 cases with artificial femoral head replacement, and 1 case by removing Gamma nail and debriding and reimplant the Gamma nail. Results The hospital ization days were 16-28 days (21.2 days on average); the bleeding volume during operation was 150-600 mL (380 mL on average). All wounds healed by first intention. Bed rest days were 7-15 days (12.5 days on average). All the patients were followed up for 1-8 years (5 years on average). The operations were successful, the femoral intertrochanteric fracture and femoral shaft fracture reached bony union. Compl ications such as loosening, breakage of hardware and coxa adduct were not observed. No loosening and dislocation of the prosthesis occurred. Among the patients with compl ications, 9 patients were treated with a Gamma nail again. Fracture heal ing was achieved within 2 to 5 months, with an average of 3 months. According to the WANG Fang et al. criterion for hip joint function, the results were excellent in 7 cases and good in 2 cases. In 11 patients who receieved artificial femoral head replacement, the hip joint function restored to normal. Harris score was 90-93. Conclusion Various causes such as osteoporosis, ti p-apex distance ( 25 mm), femoral shaft malformation, Gamma nail shortcomings may lead to compl ications after Gamma nail treatment for intertrochanteric fractures. Good results will be achieved by different revision techniques.
【摘要】 目的 研究棘突頂端上下緣與椎弓根中心點水平面垂直距離的關系，為微創胸腰段脊柱內固定術椎弓根的體表定位提供實驗依據。 方法 20具完整脊柱骨標本，測量標本兩側胸11~腰2椎弓根中心點與棘突旁開距離（CO）、棘突上、下緣至椎弓根中心點水平面垂直距離（AC、BC），以棘突頂端的上、下緣為參照點確定椎弓根的最佳體表投影點。選取20例無神經癥狀的單節段椎體骨折男性患者；年齡23~54歲，平均37.6歲。損傷部位:胸11、胸12、腰1、腰2骨折椎體各5例。以棘突頂端上緣點為確定椎弓根中心的參考點，行經皮椎弓根螺釘固定，分別測定術前、術后相應椎體Cobb角。 結果 男、女性各椎體左右兩側CO、AC、BC比較差異均無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。男女組間相同椎體CO和BO及胸11、胸12椎體的AC比較差異均有統計學意義（Plt;0.05），腰1、腰2椎體的AC比較差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。男性或女性胸11~腰2的CO依次變大、AC和BC逐漸減小，各椎體間比較差異均有統計學意義（Plt;0.01）。臨床應用顯示，術前、術后相應椎體Cobb角比較，差異均有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）。 結論 棘突頂端上緣為確定椎弓根中心點的最佳參照點，微創脊柱內固定術體表定位椎弓根時應根據性別和具體骨折椎體確定進針點。【Abstract】 Objective To study the anatomic distances from the upper and lower edges of the spinous process peak to the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch, to provide assistance for the percutaneous positioning of the pedicle of vertebral arch in minimally-invasive transpedicular internal fixation for the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Methods We studied 20 integral thoraco-lumbar vertebrae samples, and the distance between the vertical plane including the upper and lower points of the spinous process peak and the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch was measured and marked as CO. We also measured the distances from the upper and lower points of the spinous process peak to the horizontal plane of the center of pedicle of vertebral arch and marked them as AC and BC respectively. The upper and lower points of the spinous process peak were designated as reference points to define the optimal body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch. Twenty male patients with single segmental fractured vertebral body and without nervous symptoms were selected. The age of the patients were ranged from 23 to 54 years old, averaging at 37.6. The fractured vertebral bodies included T11, T12, L1, and L2 with 5 cases for each of them. The percutaneous transpedicular internal fixation was carried out with the upper point of the spinous process peak as the reference point to define the body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch and the preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle of each fractured vertebral body were measured. Results There was no significant differences in CO, AC and BC on both sides between male and female (Pgt;0.05). Statistical difference existed between male and female in CO and BO of the same vertebra, and AC of T11 and T12 (Plt;0.05), while AC of L1 and L2 had no significant difference (Pgt;0.05). In both males and females, CO of the vertebrae from T11 to L2 increased, while AC and BC decreased, and there was a significant difference among different vertebrae (Plt;0.01). Clinical application showed there was a significant difference between the Cobb angle before operation and that after operation (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The upper point of the spinous process peak is the best reference point to define the center of pedicle of vertebral arch. Deciding on the needle insertion spot should be based on gender and specific vertebral body, when minimally-invasive transpedicular internal fixation is performed to define the body surface projective point of the pedicle of vertebral arch.